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Yi X, Qiu Y, Wang S, Sun X. Analysis of immunoglobulin organization and complexity in mink (Neovison vison). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 160:105234. [PMID: 39069110 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mink are susceptible to viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, H1N1 and H9N2, so they are considered a potential animal model for studying human viral infections. Therefore, it is important to study the immune system of mink. Immunoglobulin (Ig) is an important component of humoral immunity and plays an important role in the body's immune defense. In this study, we described the gene loci structure of mink Ig germline by genome comparison, and analysed the mechanism of expression diversity of mink antibody library by 5'RACE and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The results were as follows: the IgH, Igκ and Igλ loci of mink were located on chromosome 13, chromosome 8 and chromosome 3, respectively, and they had 25, 36 and 7 V genes, 3, 5 and 7 J genes and 10 DH genes, respectively. Mink Ig heavy chain preferred the IGHV1, IGHD2 and IGHJ4 subgroups, κ chain mainly use the IGKV1, IGKJ1 and IGHL4 subgroups, and λ chain mainly use the IGLV3 and IGLJ3 subgroups. Linkage diversity analysis revealed that N nucleotide insertion was the main factor affecting the linkage diversity of mink Igs. On the mutation types of mink Ig Somatic Hypermutation (SHM), the high mutation types of heavy chain were mainly G > A, C > T, T > C, A > G, C > A, G > T, A > C, and T > G; the high mutation types of κ chain were G > A and T > C; and the high mutation types of λ chain were G > A and A > G. The objective of this study was to analyse the loci structure and expression diversity of Ig in mink. The results contribute to our comprehension of Ig expression patterns in mink and were valuable for advancing knowledge in mink immunogenetics, exploring the evolution of adaptive immune systems across different species, and conducting comparative genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanbo Qiu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Zhao J, Sun Y, Sui P, Pan H, Shi Y, Chen J, Zhang H, Wang X, Tao R, Liu M, Sun D, Zheng J. DNA Vaccine Co-Expressing Hemagglutinin and IFN-γ Provides Partial Protection to Ferrets against Lethal Challenge with Canine Distemper Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1873. [PMID: 37766279 PMCID: PMC10537869 DOI: 10.3390/v15091873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), is a highly contagious and lethal disease in domestic and wild carnivores. Although CDV live-attenuated vaccines have reduced the incidence of CD worldwide, low levels of protection are achieved in the presence of maternal antibodies in juvenile animals. Moreover, live-attenuated CDV vaccines may retain residual virulence in highly susceptible species and cause disease. Here, we generated several CDV DNA vaccine candidates based on the biscistronic vector (pIRES) co-expressing virus wild-type or codon-optimized hemagglutinin (H) and nucleocapsid (N) or ferret interferon (IFN)-γ, as a molecular adjuvant, respectively. Apparently, ferret (Mustela putorius furo)-specific codon optimization increased the expression of CDV H and N proteins. A ferret model of CDV was used to evaluate the protective immune response of the DNA vaccines. The results of the vaccinated ferrets showed that the DNA vaccine co-expressing the genes of codon-optimized H and ferret IFN-γ (poptiH-IRES-IFN) elicited the highest anti-CDV serum-neutralizing antibodies titer (1:14) and cytokine responses (upregulated TNF-α, IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-γ expression) after the third immunization. Following vaccination, the animals were challenged with a lethal CDV 5804Pe/H strain with a dose of 105.0 TCID50. Protective immune responses induced by the DNA vaccine alleviated clinical symptoms and pathological changes in CDV-infected ferrets. However, it cannot completely prevent virus replication and viremia in vivo as well as virus shedding due to the limited neutralizing antibody level, which eventually contributed to a survival rate of 75% (3/4) against CDV infection. Therefore, the improved strategies for the present DNA vaccines should be taken into consideration to develop more protective immunity, which includes increasing antigen expression or alternative delivery routes, such as gene gun injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
| | - Yiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
| | - Ping Sui
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
| | - Hongjun Pan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun 130112, China (J.C.)
| | - Yijun Shi
- Yantai Animal Disease Control Center of Shandong Province, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun 130112, China (J.C.)
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun 130112, China (J.C.)
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Agricultural Bureau of Shanyang Country, Shangluo 726400, China
| | - Rongshan Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mengjia Liu
- Jinan Customs in Shandong Province of the P.R. of China, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
| | - Jiasan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
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Zhang H, Zhang D, Zhang S, Liu H, Wang H, Wang C, Zou D, Hu B, Lian S, Lu S, Bai X. Isolation and characterization of the mink interferon-epsilon gene and its antiviral activity. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:972433. [PMID: 36776547 PMCID: PMC9915148 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.972433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) response is the first line of defense against viral invasion and thus plays a central role in the regulation of the immune response. IFN-epsilon (IFN-ε) is a newly discovered type I IFN that does not require viral induction, unlike other type I IFNs. IFN-ε is constitutively expressed in epithelial cells and plays an important role in mucosal immunity. In this study, we evaluated the biological activity of the mink-IFN (MiIFN)-ε gene in prokaryotic cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate IFN-ε expression in different mink tissues. MiIFN-ε was highly expressed in brain, lung, tracheal, kidney, intestinal, bladder, ovarian, and testis tissues. There was no significant difference in MiIFN-ε expression between female and male minks, except in the reproductive system. Expression of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO3)-MiIFN-ε fusion gene was induced by isopropylβ-d-thiogalactoside, and MiIFN-ε was collected after SUMO-specific protease digestion. We tested the antiviral activity of MiIFN-ε against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in epithelial cells of feline kidney 81 (F81). We used qRT-PCR to analyze the expression of several IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including ISG15, 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2'-5'OAS1), and myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1). Recombinant IFN-ε induced high ISG expression in F81 cells. Compared with those in the cell control group, expressions of ISG15, Mx1, and 2'-5' OAS1 in the VSV-GFP control, IFN-ε, and MiIFN-ε-inhibited VSV-GFP groups were significantly increased. Compared with those in the VSV-GFP control group, expressions of ISG15 and 2'-5' OAS1 in the IFN-ε and MiIFN-ε-inhibited VSV-GFP groups were significantly increased, and the differences were highly significant (p < 0.0001). IFN-ε played an indirect antiviral role. These findings lay the foundation for detailed investigation of IFN-ε in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Deying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Xue Bai
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Fan S, Zhang L, Hu B, Bai X, Zhang D, Lu R, Zhao J, Lian S, Gao B, Yan X, Lu S, Zhu Y. Identification and primary application of hybridomas cell secreting monoclonal antibodies against mink (Neovison vison) interferon-gamma. Cytokine 2021; 150:155777. [PMID: 34954494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to their susceptibility to several human viruses, the mink has been proposed as potential animal models for the study of human viral infections. However, there are no specific monoclonal antibody (mAbs) currently available for the detection of mink-specific interferon-gamma (miIFN-γ). The BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with purified recombinant miIFN-γ protein. The splenocytes were obtained and fused with murine myeloma cells. Five of 24 hybridoma clones were obtained to produce mAbs steadily with the strongest affinity to recombinant miIFN-γ protein. The isotype of the 31A, 31B and 31G were lgG 2b. The isotype of 44 and 46 were lgG 2a and 1. All five mAbs were κ light chains. Western blotting and indirect ELISA method showed that 5 mAbs were positive to miIFN-γ. Immunofluorescence showed that 2 mAbs (44 and 46) had a positive reaction to miIFN-γ. The hybridoma clone 46 had the highest sensitivity for the detection of miIFN-γ. Most importantly, our primary sandwich ELISA system (mAbs 46 and polyclonal antiserum) detected endogenous IFN-γ in mink lymphocytes infected with canine distemper virus (CDV). We have thus developed a novel mAbs could recognize miIFN-γ, and have demonstrated the first ELISA-based measurement of IFN-γ in lymphocyte of the mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education Jinlin University College of Animal Medicine, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education Jinlin University College of Animal Medicine, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Sining Fan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Jilin Teyan Biotechnological Co. Ltd., Changchun 130122, China
| | - Rongguang Lu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Shiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education Jinlin University College of Animal Medicine, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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Mu M, Zhao H, Wang Y, Guo M, Nie X, Liu Y, Xing M. Interferon-beta, interferon-gamma and their fusion interferon of Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in China are involved in positive-feedback regulation of interferon production. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104211. [PMID: 34329648 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a group of cytokines, interferons are the first line of defense in the antiviral immunity. In this study, Siberian tiger IFN-β (PtIFN-β) and IFN-γ (PtIFN-γ) were successfully amplified, and the two were fused (PtIFN-γ) by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR). Bioinformatics analysis disclosed that PtIFN-β and PtIFN-γ have species-specificity and conservation in the course of evolution. After being expressed in prokaryotes, the antiviral activities and physicochemical properties of PtIFN-β, PtIFN-γ and PtIFNβ-γ were analyzed. In Feline kidney cells (F81), PtIFNβ-γ showed more active antiviral activity than PtIFN-β and PtIFN-γ, which has more stable physicochemical properties (acid and alkali resistance, high temperature resistance). In addition, PtIFN-β, PtIFN-γ and PtIFN-γ activated the JAK-STAT pathway and induced the transcription and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor inhibited ISGs expression induced by PtIFN-β, PtIFN-γ and PtIFN-γ. Overall, this research clarified that PtIFN-β, PtIFN-γ and PtIFNβ-γ have the ability to inhibit viral replication and send signals through the JAK-STAT pathway. These findings may facilitate further study on the role of PtIFN in the antiviral immune response, and help to develop approaches for the prophylactic and therapeutic of viral diseases based on fusion interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Mu
- College of wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaopan Nie
- College of wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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