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Lischer M, di Summa PG, Petrou IG, Schaefer DJ, Guzman R, Kalbermatten DF, Madduri S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Nerve Tissue Engineering: Bridging Nerve Gap Injuries in Large Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097800. [PMID: 37175506 PMCID: PMC10177884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-therapy-based nerve repair strategies hold great promise. In the field, there is an extensive amount of evidence for better regenerative outcomes when using tissue-engineered nerve grafts for bridging severe gap injuries. Although a massive number of studies have been performed using rodents, only a limited number involving nerve injury models of large animals were reported. Nerve injury models mirroring the human nerve size and injury complexity are crucial to direct the further clinical development of advanced therapeutic interventions. Thus, there is a great need for the advancement of research using large animals, which will closely reflect human nerve repair outcomes. Within this context, this review highlights various stem cell-based nerve repair strategies involving large animal models such as pigs, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys, with an emphasis on the limitations and strengths of therapeutic strategy and outcome measurements. Finally, future directions in the field of nerve repair are discussed. Thus, the present review provides valuable knowledge, as well as the current state of information and insights into nerve repair strategies using cell therapies in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Lischer
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Pietro G di Summa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilias G Petrou
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Kalbermatten
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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de Lima GG, Júnior ELDS, Aggio BB, Shee BS, Filho EMDM, Segundo FADS, Fournet MB, Devine DM, Magalhães WLE, de Sá MJC. Nanocellulose for peripheral nerve regeneration in rabbits using citric acid as crosslinker with chitosan and freeze/thawed PVA. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34330112 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates peripheral nerve regeneration using membranes consisting of pure chitosan (CHI), which was further blended with nanofibrillated cellulose, with citric acid as crosslinker, with posterior addition of polyvinyl alcohol, with subsequent freeze thawing. Nanocellulose improves the mechanical and thermal resistance, as well as flexibility of the film, which is ideal for the surgical procedure. The hydrogel presented a slow rate of swelling, which is adequate for cell and drug delivery. A series ofin vitrotests revealed to be non-toxic for neuronal Schwann cell from the peripheral nervous system of Rattus norvegicus, while there was a slight increase in toxicity if crosslink is performed-freeze-thaw. Thein vivoresults, using rabbits with a 5 mm gap nerve defect, revealed that even though pure CHI was able to regenerate the nerve, it did not present functional recovery with only the deep pain attribute being regenerated. When autologous implant was used jointly with the biomaterial membrane, as a covering agent, it revealed a functional recovery within 15 d when cellulose and the hydrogel were introduced, which was attributed to the film charge interaction that may help influence the neuronal axons growth into correct locations. Thus, indicating that this system presents ideal regeneration as nerve conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais-PIPE, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Emílio L de S Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária-PPGMV, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Aggio
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bor Shin Shee
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Emanuel M de M Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária-PPGMV, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco A de S Segundo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária-PPGMV, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Margaret B Fournet
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Declan M Devine
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Washington L E Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais-PIPE, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J C de Sá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais-PIPE, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária-PPGMV, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande PB, Brazil
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