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Keresteš O, Pohanka M. Affordable Portable Platform for Classic Photometry and Low-Cost Determination of Cholinesterase Activity. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:599. [PMID: 37366964 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of pesticides could potentially harm the environment for a long time. The reason for this is that the banned pesticide is still likely to be used incorrectly. Carbofuran and other banned pesticides that remain in the environment may also have a negative effect on human beings. In order to provide a better chance for effective environmental screening, this thesis describes a prototype of a photometer tested with cholinesterase to potentially detect pesticides in the environment. The open-source portable photodetection platform uses a color-programmable red, green and blue light-emitting diode (RGB LED) as a light source and a TSL230R light frequency sensor. Acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus (AChE) with high similarity to human AChE was used for biorecognition. The Ellman method was selected as a standard method. Two analytical approaches were applied: (1) subtraction of the output values after a certain period of time and (2) comparison of the slope values of the linear trend. The optimal preincubation time for carbofuran with AChE was 7 min. The limits of detection for carbofuran were 6.3 nmol/L for the kinetic assay and 13.5 nmol/L for the endpoint assay. The paper demonstrates that the open alternative for commercial photometry is equivalent. The concept based on the OS3P/OS3P could be used as a large-scale screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Keresteš
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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2
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Turkmen Z, Zengin S, Kuloglu Genc M, Yayla M, Tekin Bulbul T, Mercan S. The Role of Forensic Veterinary Toxicology in Pet Custody Cases. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 46:e239-e242. [PMID: 36355788 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forensic veterinary toxicology has become a popular branch of toxicology, dealing with animal cruelty (e.g., malicious poisoning), regulatory issues (e.g., contamination of the feed supply chain), insurance litigation or wildlife poisoning. The current study highlights the importance of the toxicological aspects of animal health-related disagreements in a pet custody case following a divorce. In this study, the custody case of three dogs and a cat was concluded with the aid of toxicological test results that were obtained from the pets' blood samples for the first time in Turkey. The results confirmed the presence of benzoylecgonine in one of the blood samples, as alleged by one of the owners. The study also aims to raise the veterinarians', as well as the judicial system members', awareness of drug abuse in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Turkmen
- Department of Science, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Simge Zengin
- Department of Science, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Merve Kuloglu Genc
- Department of Science, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Murat Yayla
- Department of Science, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Tugba Tekin Bulbul
- Department of Science, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Selda Mercan
- Department of Science, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
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3
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Kumar S, Baggi TR, Al-Zughaibi T. Forensic toxicological and analytical aspects of carbamate poisoning – A review. J Forensic Leg Med 2022; 92:102450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fukushima AR, Peña-Muñoz JW, Leoni LAB, Nicoletti MA, Ferreira GM, Delorenzi JCMOB, Ricci EL, Brandão ME, Pantaleon LDP, Gonçalves-Junior V, Waziry PAF, Maiorka PC, Spinosa HDS. Development, Optimization, and Validation of Forensic Analytical Method for Quantification of Anticholinesterase Pesticides in Biological Matrices from Suspected Cases of Animal Poisoning. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050269. [PMID: 35622682 PMCID: PMC9144076 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anticholinesterase pesticides are a main cause of the intentional or accidental poisoning of animals. Anticholinesterases include several substances that cause the overstimulation of both central and peripheral acetylcholine-dependent neurotransmission. Forensic analyses of poisoning cases require high levels of expertise, are costly, and often do not provide reliable quantitative information for unambiguous conclusions. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a method of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC−DAD) for the identification and quantitation of n-methyl carbamates, organophosphates and respective metabolites from biological samples of animals that were suspected of poisoning. HPLC−DAD is reliable, fast, simplistic and cost-effective. The method was validated for biological samples obtained from stomach contents, liver, vitreous humor and blood from four different animal species. The validation of the method was achieved using the following analytical parameters: linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, recovery, and matrix effect. The method showed linearity at the range of 25−500 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient (r2) values were >0.99 for all matrices. Precision and accuracy were determined by the (a) coefficient of variation (CV), (b) relative standard deviation low-quality control (LQC), (c) medium-quality control (QCM), and (d) high-quality control (QCA). The indicated parameters were all less than 15%. The recovery of analytes ranged from 31 to 71%. The analysis of results showed no significant interfering peaks due to common xenobiotics or matrix effects. The abovementioned method was used to positively identify pesticide analytes in 44 of the 51 animal samples that were suspected of poisoning, demonstrating its usefulness as a forensic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rinaldi Fukushima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP (FASIG), São Paulo 01301-000, Brazil; (E.L.R.); (M.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Maria Aparecida Nicoletti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.A.N.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.A.N.); (G.M.F.)
| | | | - Esther Lopes Ricci
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP (FASIG), São Paulo 01301-000, Brazil; (E.L.R.); (M.E.B.)
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil;
| | - Marlos Eduardo Brandão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP (FASIG), São Paulo 01301-000, Brazil; (E.L.R.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Lorena de Paula Pantaleon
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
| | - Vagner Gonçalves-Junior
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
| | | | - Paulo Cesar Maiorka
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
| | - Helenice de Souza Spinosa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (L.d.P.P.); (V.G.-J.); (P.C.M.); (H.d.S.S.)
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Klainbart S, Grabarnik M, Kelmer E, Chai O, Cuneah O, Segev G, Aroch I. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of acute organophosphate or carbamate intoxication in 39 cats. Vet Rec 2022; 191:e1633. [PMID: 35437770 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates and carbamates are important sources of intoxication for humans and animals. However, large-scale studies of these intoxications in cats are unavailable. METHODS The medical records of 39 cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with acute organophosphate or carbamate intoxication were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Mortality in intoxicated cats was 15%. Low respiratory rate and low rectal temperature at presentation were associated with death. Other common clinical signs included weakness, ataxia, apathy, recumbency, anorexia and bradycardia, but these were unassociated with the outcome. The common biochemical abnormalities included decreased serum butyryl-choline esterase activity, acidaemia, hypercarbaemia and total hypocalcaemia, and increased creatine kinase activity and total plasma protein concentration. There were no significant differences in haematological, biochemical and blood gas analytes between survivors and non-survivors. Common medications and treatments included 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl-chloride-pralidoxime (2-PAM) (74%), metoclopramide (64%), antibiotics (64%), diphenhydramine (59%) and atropine sulphate (54%). There were no significant drug and treatment differences between survivors and non-survivors. The secondary complications of the intoxication included pneumonia (10%), acute kidney injury (10%) and pancreatitis (8%). CONCLUSIONS Acute cholinergic crisis due to organophosphate or carbamate intoxication has a fair prognosis in cats. Low respiratory rate and low rectal temperature at presentation were associated with death. The most commonly used specific medications in this study included 2-PAM, diphenhydramine and atropine sulphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Klainbart
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meital Grabarnik
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Kelmer
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orit Chai
- Department of Small Animal Neurology, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olga Cuneah
- Department of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Gallocchio F, Moressa A, Stella R, Rosin R, Basilicata L, Bille L, Toson M, Biancotto G, Lega F, Angeletti R, Binato G. Fast and simultaneous analysis of carbamate pesticides and anticoagulant rodenticides used in suspected cases of animal poisoning. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 323:110810. [PMID: 33971506 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbamate pesticides (CBs) are reported as one of the main causes of intentional or accidental poisoning of animals. Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) form the main class of poisons implicated in analyzed poisoned baits. These two groups of pesticide compounds include multiple substances, and thus, the development of a simple and rapid multiclass/multiresidue analytical method for simultaneous identification of both toxicant classes should be a useful strategy for analytical laboratories to reduce analysis time and cost. The present study aimed to elaborate and validate a rapid method to simultaneously determine 11 CBs and 8 ARs in samples of real matrices (bait, stomach content, and liver) from suspected animal poisoning cases. QuEChERS sample treatment and liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid high resolution mass spectrometry were used. The method resulted in good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.98) for all compounds, recovery was between 70% and 120% for CBs and 40-90% for ARs, and precision was ≤ 20% for all compounds. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 871 real samples originating from suspected cases of animal poisoning, collected from April 2019 to October 2020. Furthermore, full scan dependent data acquisition allowed qualitative retrospective data analysis of an additional 15 compounds outside the scope of the method to be performed; these compounds could potentially be involved in unresolved poisoning cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gallocchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Moressa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Roberto Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Roberta Rosin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Lara Basilicata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Laura Bille
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Marica Toson
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Francesca Lega
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Roberto Angeletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Giovanni Binato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
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Medici EP, Fernandes-Santos RC, Testa-José C, Godinho AF, Brand AF. Lowland tapir exposure to pesticides and metals in the Brazilian Cerrado. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr19183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextThe Cerrado is a Global Biodiversity Hotspot as well as Brazil’s main frontier for large-scale agriculture and livestock production, making it one of the most threatened biomes in the country. Brazil is one of the biggest consumers of pesticides in the world and allows the use of chemicals that are banned in many other countries due to their adverse health effects in a wide range of species, including humans.
AimsThis study aimed to assess pesticide and metal exposure of the lowland tapir – a threatened, large herbivorous mammal – to support future studies of the role of these chemicals in tapir health, survivorship, and population viability.
MethodsFoot pad, proboscis, stomach contents, liver, bone, and nail samples were obtained from tapir carcasses found along highways (n=87). (i) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to detect metals in bone, nail and liver tissue; (ii) gas chromatography – nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD) to detect organophosphates in liver and skin; and (iii) high performance liquid chromatography – ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) to detect pyrethroids and carbamates in stomach contents.
Key resultsTwo carbamates (aldicarb and carbaryl), three organophosphates (diazinon, malathion, and mevinphos), two pyrethroids (deltamethrin and permethrin), and two toxic metals (cadmium and lead) were detected in different tapir tissue samples, some at concentrations high enough to cause adverse health effects. In 90% of roadkill tapirs that were subjected to a full post-mortem examination (n=25), macroscopic alterations of liver and/or kidney tissue were observed.
ConclusionsThis study provides the first report to date of the detection of pesticides and metals in lowland tapirs.
ImplicationsSome of the reported pesticide concentrations exceed environmental safety thresholds. Consequently, results from this study raise concerns over potential adverse health effects in tapirs that could lead to population level impacts, thus requiring further investigation.
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Pivariu D, Oros AN, Tabaran F, Gal A, Martonos C, Nagy AL. Intentional Carbofuran poisoning in 7 dogs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:318. [PMID: 32867767 PMCID: PMC7457768 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbofuran is a widely used broad-spectrum pesticide that, despite strict regulation and being banned for more than a decade, is still encountered in cases of intentional poisoning in dogs and wildlife. The objective of the study was to provide a complete and detailed description of the pathological, histological and toxicological findings of 7 cases of intentional carbofuran poisoning in dogs. Results In this retrospective study, 7 cases of carbofuran intoxication recorded from July 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed. Following complete history recording, all cases were examined by complete necropsy and histopathology. Carbofuran intoxication was confirmed in all cases by gas chromatography. The postmortem examination revealed extensive hemorrhaging and congestion located mainly within the respiratory, nervous and cardiovascular systems, accompanied by degeneration and necrosis within the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Conclusions Although carbamates have been banned in the European Union, carbamate poisoning is still frequently encountered, especially in wild animals. This paper will contribute to a better understanding of the occurrence and pathogenesis of acute carbofuran exposure in dogs and contribute some peculiar pathological features of this type of poisoning to the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Pivariu
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian-Nechita Oros
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tabaran
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Gal
- Department of Veterinary Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Martonos
- Department of Veterinary Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andras-Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Guéniche N, Bruyere A, Ringeval M, Jouan E, Huguet A, Le Hégarat L, Fardel O. Differential interactions of carbamate pesticides with drug transporters. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1380-1392. [PMID: 32421406 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1771473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are now recognised to interact with drug transporters, but only few data are available on this issue for carbamate pesticides, a widely used class of agrochemicals, to which humans are highly exposed. The present study was therefore designed to determine whether four representative carbamate pesticides, i.e. the insecticides aminocarb and carbofuran, the herbicide chlorpropham and the fungicide propamocarb, may impair activities of main drug transporters implicated in pharmacokinetics. The interactions of carbamates with solute carrier and ATP-binding cassette transporters were investigated using cultured transporter-overexpressing cells, reference substrates and spectrofluorimetry-, liquid chomatography/tandem mass spectrometry- or radioactivity-based methods. Aminocarb and carbofuran exerted no or minimal effects on transporter activities, whereas chlorpropham inhibited BCRP and OAT3 activities and propamocarb decreased those of OCT1 and OCT2, but cis-stimulated that of MATE2-K. Such alterations of transporters however required chlorpropham/propamocarb concentrations in the 5-50 µM range, likely not relevant to environmental exposure. Trans-stimulation assays and propamocarb accumulation experiments additionally suggested that propamocarb is not a substrate for OCT1, OCT2 and MATE2-K. These data indicate that some carbamate pesticides can interact in vitro with some drug transporters, but only when used at concentrations higher than those expected to occur in environmentally exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Guéniche
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.,ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminant Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Ringeval
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Huguet
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminant Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminant Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
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Di Blasio A, Bertolini S, Gili M, Avolio R, Leogrande M, Ostorero F, Ru G, Dondo A, Zoppi S. Local context and environment as risk factors for acute poisoning in animals in northwest Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136016. [PMID: 31905591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal and bait poisoning data for northwest Italy collected between 2012 and 2017 were described and analyzed to estimate the risk of exposure to hazardous substances by animals. In about 4% of animals necropsied (n = 356/9512), the cause of death was poisoning and domestic pets (9.5%) and synanthropic animals (12.2%) appear to be the most involved. Furthermore, 294 out of 728 baits (40.4%) were positive for toxic substances and/or inert hazardous material. Application of a mixed-effects Poisson regression model and local cluster analysis evidenced increased risk of exposure to poisoning with altimetry (>600 m.a.s.l.) and municipality (PR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.2-2.1 for poisoning, PR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.2 for poisoning by insecticides and PR = 2.9, 95%CI 1.4-6.2 for poisoning by metaldehyde). Since the mountainous areas in the region are mostly devoted to pasture and extensive farming, the high frequency of animal and bait poisoning events may be related to farmers' need to protect their livestock and crops against foxes, wolves, rodents or wild boars. Summarizing, the type of land use and context may influence the frequency and type of toxin chosen to kill animals considered a nuisance for hunting, farming, agriculture and apiculture. Despite bans and limitations, the use of harmful substances is not perceived as an environmental threat but rather as routine pest control. Animal and bait poisoning constitute a public health concern because it is potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Our findings may inform risk communication strategies, as well as prevention and control measures for the reduction of illegal and non-targeted species poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Blasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Bertolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Gili
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Avolio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Leogrande
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Ostorero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ru
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
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Zhang WJ, Li D, Xu Y, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Wang P. Synthesis and Application of Novel Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction Materials Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Determination of Carbofuran in Human Serum by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5105-5112. [PMID: 31034223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized using carbofuran as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross-liking agent, respectively. Characterization results showed that the carbofuran MIPs have been successfully grafted onto the surface of MWNTs as a thin layer with high stability. The results of adsorption dynamics indicated that the synthesized MWNT-MIPs displayed a biphase adsorption profile and good selective recognition to carbofuran with equilibrium adsorption of 106.2 mg/g. The MWNTs-MIPs synthesized were further applied as the adsorbent material of solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the pretreatment of carbofuran in human serum, analyzed using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The recoveries obtained ranged from 89.0 ± 4.8 to 93.6 ± 3.2, showing that the MWNTs-MIPs-SPE system developed have specific recognition toward carbofuran. Results above indicated that the proposed system filled with synthesized MWNTs-MIPs provided a fast and selective extraction of carbofuran in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Forensic Chemistry , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Yingjian Xu
- Department of Forensic Chemistry , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaolin Jiang
- Department of Forensic Chemistry , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Forensic Chemistry , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
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Karthikraj R, Kannan K. Widespread occurrence of glyphosate in urine from pet dogs and cats in New York State, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:790-795. [PMID: 31096409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, which has led to its ubiquitous occurrence in food and water and regular detection in human urine at concentrations of 1-10 μg/L. Data pertaining to health risks arising from the ingestion of glyphosate are limited and are the subject of much debate, which demands the need for more exposure information for this herbicide. Very little is known about glyphosate exposure in pets. In this study, we determined concentrations of glyphosate (Glyp) and its derivatives, methyl glyphosate (Me-Glyp) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in urine collected from 30 dogs and 30 cats from New York State, USA. Glyp was the most predominant compound found in pet urine followed by AMPA and Me-Glyp. The mean urinary concentration of ∑Glyp (sum of Glyp + Me-Glyp + AMPA) in cats (mean: 33.8 ± 46.7 ng/mL) was 2-fold higher than that in dogs (mean: 16.8 ± 24.4 ng/mL). Cumulative daily intakes (CDI) of Glyp in dogs and cats estimated from the urinary concentrations were, on average, 0.57 and 1.37 μg/kg bw/d, respectively. The exposure doses were two to four orders of magnitude below the current acceptable daily intake (ADI) suggested by several international health organizations for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
This article is based on a review of the literature and our own experience with toxicological molecules. We explain the nature of calix[n]arenes and as their recognized properties are used to detect compounds of toxicological interest, mainly the most important pesticide families such as organophosphorated, organochlorine compounds, pyrethroid insecticides, carbamate fungicides, and herbicides, using different techniques. In addition, we show the role of the macrocycle and its interactions, and the advantage of using this type of compound for improving conventional techniques, where the phenomenon of recognition is very important, such as chromatography, solid-phased extraction, and the development of specific sensors, among others and Even we also show the use of this macrocycle for detoxication procedures in vivo. In this way, we display as the multiple possibilities of functionalization of the calix[n]arenes makes these versatile molecules in the phenomena of specific recognition. Finally, This review highlights the main analytical methods reported in the literature for determination of plaguicides by host-guest interaction with calixarenes. In this way, among the available analytical tools, chromatographic, and electrochemical-based methods are the most used techniques for the detection and to quantify plaguicides using calixarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilma Sanabria Español
- Grupo GICRIM, Programa de Investigación Criminal , Universidad Manuela Beltrán , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Mauricio Maldonado
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Bogotá , Colombia
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Lima P, Barbieri J, Ecco R, Guedes R, Serakides R, Ocarino N, Pierezan F, Santos R. Estudo retrospectivo da casuística de felinos domésticos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no período de 2005 a 2014. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as doenças dos gatos domésticos provenientes dos casos de necropsia e histopatologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HV/UFMG), de 2005 a 2014. Foram analisados 408 exames de necropsia e 197 de biópsias, segundo o sexo, a faixa etária e a raça. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes incluíram doenças infecciosas/inflamatórias ou parasitárias (22,5%), agentes físicos (18,1%), doenças proliferativas (15,2%) e degenerativas (13,5%). Politraumatismo (10,8%) foi responsável pelo maior número de mortes em felinos, sendo as chances três vezes maiores em animais com até 24 meses de idade (P=0,005 OR 3,47 [IC 95%: 1,40-8,57]). Neoplasias epiteliais corresponderam a 26 diagnósticos, sendo 20 (4,9%) casos de malignidade. A ocorrência de carcinoma e seus subtipos foi 18 vezes maior em gatos idosos (P<0,01 OR 18,15 [IC 95%: 7,41-44,45]). A insuficiência renal crônica foi mais frequente em gatos com mais de 120 meses (P=0,01). Machos apresentaram nove vezes mais chances de desenvolver doenças do trato urinário inferior quando comparados às fêmeas (P=0,001 OR 9,50 [IC 95%: 2,78-32,48]). Em relação às biópsias, animais adultos a idosos foram 10 vezes mais representados (P<0,001 OR 10,8 [IC 95%: 3,22-36,79]).
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Affiliation(s)
- P.A. Lima
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - R. Ecco
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - F. Pierezan
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R.L. Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hossen MS, Tanvir EM, Prince MB, Paul S, Saha M, Ali MY, Gan SH, Khalil MI, Karim N. Protective mechanism of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on carbofuran-induced hematological and hepatic toxicities in a rat model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1937-1945. [PMID: 28675957 PMCID: PMC7012003 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1345951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Turmeric (Curcuma longa L. [Zingiberaceae]) is used in the treatment of a variety of conditions including pesticide-induced toxicity. OBJECTIVE The study reports the antioxidant properties and the protective effects of turmeric against carbofuran (CF)-induced toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant potential was determined by using free radicals scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power values. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, designated as control, turmeric (100 mg/kg/day), CF (1 mg/kg/day) and turmeric (100 mg/kg/day) + CF (1 mg/kg/day) treatments. All of the doses were administered orally for 28 consecutive days. The biological activity of the turmeric and CF was determined by using several standard biochemical methods. RESULTS Turmeric contains high concentrations of polyphenols (8.97 ± 0.15 g GAEs), flavonoids (5.46 ± 0.29 g CEs), ascorbic acid (0.06 ± 0.00 mg AEs) and FRAP value (1972.66 ± 104.78 μM Fe2+) per 100 g of sample. Oral administration of CF caused significant changes in some of the blood indices, such as, mean corpuscular volume, corpuscular hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet distribution width and induced severe hepatic injuries associated with oxidative stress, as observed by the significantly higher lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels when compared to control, while the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes (including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were significantly suppressed in the liver tissue. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Turmeric supplementation could protect against CF-induced hematological perturbations and hepatic injuries in rats, plausibly by the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of LPO to confer the protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sakib Hossen
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - E. M. Tanvir
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis Division, Institute of Food & Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maruf Billah Prince
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sudip Paul
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moumoni Saha
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Yousuf Ali
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md. Ibrahim Khalil
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Karim
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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SUSPECTED CARBARYL TOXICITY IN A CAPTIVE COLONY OF STRAW-COLORED FRUIT BATS (EIDOLON HELVUM). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:1247-1249. [DOI: 10.1638/2017-0029r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Gonçalves V, Hazarbassanov NQ, de Siqueira A, Florio JC, Ciscato CHP, Maiorka PC, Fukushima AR, de Souza Spinosa H. Development and validation of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for forensic Veterinary Medicine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kang IJ, Qiu X, Moroishi J, Oshima Y. Sound production in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and its alteration by exposure to aldicarb and copper sulfate. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:530-535. [PMID: 28463727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to report sound production in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Sound production was affected by exposure to the carbamate insecticide (aldicarb) and heavy-metal compound (copper sulfate). Medaka were exposed at four concentrations (aldicarb: 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg L-1; copper sulfate: 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg L-1), and sound characteristics were monitored for 5 h after exposure. We observed constant average interpulse intervals (approx 0.2 s) in all test groups before exposure, and in the control groups throughout the experiment. The average interpulse interval became significantly longer during the recording periods after 50 min of exposure to aldicarb, and reached a length of more than 0.3 s during the recording periods after 120 min exposure. Most medaka fish stopped to produce sound after 50 min of exposure to copper sulfate at 1 and 2 mg L-1, resulting in significantly declined number of sound pulses and pulse groups. Relative shortened interpulse intervals of sound were occasionally observed in medaka fish exposed to 0.5 mg L-1 copper sulfate. These alternations in sound characteristics due to toxicants exposure suggested that they might impair acoustic communication of medaka fish, which may be important for their reproduction and survival. Our results suggested that using acoustic changes of medaka has potential to monitor precipitate water pollutions, such as intentional poisoning or accidental leakage of industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Joon Kang
- International Student Center, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Junya Moroishi
- SEIKO Electric Co., Ltd., Tenjin 3-20-1, Koga City, Fukuoka, 811-3197, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA
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Salvagni FA, de Siqueira A, Fukushima AR, Landi MFDA, Ponge-Ferreira H, Maiorka PC. Animal serial killing: The first criminal conviction for animal cruelty in Brazil. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 267:e1-e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Siqueira A, Rodrigues KBA, Gonçalves-Júnior V, Calefi AS, Fukushima AR, Cuevas SEC, Spinosa HDS, Maiorka PC. Exhumation of Wistar rats experimentally exposed to the carbamate pesticides aldicarb and carbofuran: A pathological and toxicological study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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