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Cheng Y, Wang R, Wu Q, Chen J, Wang A, Wu Z, Sun F, Zhu S. Advancements in Research on Duck Tembusu Virus Infections. Viruses 2024; 16:811. [PMID: 38793692 PMCID: PMC11126125 DOI: 10.3390/v16050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV) is a pathogen of the Flaviviridae family that causes infections in poultry, leading to significant economic losses in the duck farming industry in recent years. Ducks infected with this virus exhibit clinical symptoms such as decreased egg production and neurological disorders, along with serious consequences such as ovarian hemorrhage, organ enlargement, and necrosis. Variations in morbidity and mortality rates exist across different age groups of ducks. It is worth noting that DTMUV is not limited to ducks alone; it can also spread to other poultry such as chickens and geese, and antibodies related to DTMUV have even been found in duck farm workers, suggesting a potential risk of zoonotic transmission. This article provides a detailed overview of DTMUV research, delving into its genomic characteristics, vaccines, and the interplay with host immune responses. These in-depth research findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the virus's transmission mechanism and pathogenic process, offering crucial scientific support for epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cheng
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical High Technology Research, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Ruoheng Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical High Technology Research, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical High Technology Research, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Jinying Chen
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical High Technology Research, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Anping Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical High Technology Research, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Zhi Wu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical High Technology Research, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical High Technology Research, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Y.C.)
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Liu Y, Zhao D, Zhang J, Huang X, Han K, Liu Q, Yang J, Zhang L, Li Y. Development of an Inactivated Avian Influenza Virus Vaccine against Circulating H9N2 in Chickens and Ducks. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030596. [PMID: 36992180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 is the most widespread AIV in poultry worldwide, causing great economic losses in the global poultry industry. Chickens and ducks are the major hosts and play essential roles in the transmission and evolution of H9N2 AIV. Vaccines are considered an effective strategy for fighting H9N2 infection. However, due to the differences in immune responses to infection, vaccines against H9N2 AIV suitable for use in both chickens and ducks have not been well studied. This study developed an inactivated H9N2 vaccine based on a duck-origin H9N2 AIV and assessed its effectiveness in the laboratory. The results showed that the inactivated H9N2 vaccine elicited significant haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies in both chickens and ducks. Virus challenge experiments revealed that immunization with this vaccine significantly blocked virus shedding after infection by both homogenous and heterologous H9N2 viruses. The vaccine was efficacious in chicken and duck flocks under normal field conditions. We also found that egg-yolk antibodies were produced by laying birds immunized with the inactivated vaccine, and high levels of maternal antibodies were detected in the serum of the offspring. Taken together, our study showed that this inactivated H9N2 vaccine could be extremely favourable for the prevention of H9N2 in both chickens and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongmin Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kaikai Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Novel epitopes identified from Tembusu virus NS3 protein induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. Vet Microbiol 2022; 271:109477. [PMID: 35667314 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 2010, Tembusu virus (TMUV) has spread widely in China, causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Due to the infectious and zoonotic nature of flaviviruses, their potential threat to public health is of great concern. Cellular immune responses usually play a critical role in combating viral infections. To study the molecular basis of cell immunity induced by TMUV, 14 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope peptides of TMUV antigen E, NS1 and NS3 were predicted by bioinformatics tools. Their abilities to induce cellular immune responses were determined by IFN-γ ELISpot assay, and 4 peptides were found to exhibit highly significant responses upon stimulation. In addition, the cytotoxic activity induced by the epitope peptides was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Finally, among these peptides, we identified two murine TMUV NS3-derived H-2d-restricted CTL epitopes in BALB/c mice, which could be used to further study of epitope vaccines against TMUV infection.
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New Insights into the Biology of the Emerging Tembusu Virus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081010. [PMID: 34451474 PMCID: PMC8398659 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported for the first time in 1955 in Malaysia, Tembusu virus (TMUV) remained, for a long time, in the shadow of flaviviruses with human health importance such as dengue virus or Japanese encephalitis virus. However, since 2010 and the first large epidemic in duck farms in China, the threat of its emergence on a large scale in Asia or even its spillover into the human population is becoming more and more significant. This review aims to report current knowledge on TMUV from viral particle organization to the development of specific vaccines and therapeutics, with a particular focus on host-virus interactions.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Sun Y, Ruan Y, Liu C, Zhang M, Li F, Li X, Fan S, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Fan J, Chen J. Preliminary Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Senecavirus A on Pigs. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020157. [PMID: 33670589 PMCID: PMC7922346 DOI: 10.3390/life11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), formerly known as Seneca Valley virus (SVV), causes vesicular symptoms in adult pigs and acute death of neonatal piglets. This pathogen has emerged in major swine producing countries around the world and caused significant economic losses to the pig industry. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies to prevent and control SVA infection. Herein, an SVA strain (named GD-ZYY02-2018) was isolated from a pig herd with vesicular symptoms in Guangdong province of China in 2018. The present study aimed to carry out the phylogenetic analysis of the GD-ZYY02-2018 strain, determine its pathogenicity in finishing pigs, and assess the protective efficacy of the inactivated GD-ZYY02-2018 strain against virus challenge. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the SVA GD-ZYY02-2018 strain belonged to the USA-like strains and had a close genetic relationship with recent Chinese SVA strains. Animal challenge experiment showed that 100-day-old pigs inoculated intranasally with SVA GD-ZYY02-2018 strain developed vesicular lesion, low fever, viremia, and virus shedding in feces. The immunization challenge experiment showed that pigs vaccinated with inactivated GD-ZYY02-2018 strain could produce a high titer of anti-SVA neutralizing antibody and no vesicular lesion, fever, viremia, and virus shedding in feces was observed in vaccinated pigs after challenge with GD-ZYY02-2018 strain, indicating that inactivated GD-ZYY02-2018 could protect finishing pigs against the challenge of homologous virus. In conclusion, preliminary results indicated that inactivated GD-ZYY02-2018 could be used as a candidate vaccine for in-depth research and might be conducive to the prevention and control of SVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yangyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingxin Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.F.); +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.)
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.F.); +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.)
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Tunterak W, Ninvilai P, Tuanudom R, Prakairungnamthip D, Oraveerakul K, Amonsin A, Thontiravong A. Evaluation of host systems for efficient isolation and propagation of duck Tembusu virus. Avian Pathol 2020; 50:124-131. [PMID: 33146547 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1845301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several phylogenetic clusters of duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) that caused outbreaks in ducks in Asia have been identified since its emergence in 2010, highlighting the need for an efficient host system that can support isolation of all circulating phylogenetic clusters of DTMUV. In this study, various host systems, including different avian embryonated eggs (duck and chicken) and cell cultures (primary duck embryo fibroblast (DEF), primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21), African green monkey kidney (Vero) and Aedes albopictus clone C6/36 (C6/36) cells), were evaluated and compared for their ability to support DTMUV isolation and propagation. Our results showed that all host systems were susceptible to DTMUV infection; however, BHK-21 and primary DEF cells supported more efficient replication of DTMUV compared to the other host systems. BHK-21 cells had the highest DTMUV isolation rate when tested with experimental and field clinical samples. All circulating phylogenetic clusters of DTMUV, including clusters 1, 2 and 3, were successfully isolated from duck clinical samples using BHK-21 cells. In conclusion, our findings supported the use of BHK-21 cells as a host system for primary isolation of all circulating phylogenetic clusters of DTMUV from duck clinical samples. This study highlights the importance of selecting the most appropriate host system for efficient isolation and propagation of DTMUV from duck clinical samples.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS DTMUV replicated more efficiently in BHK-21 and primary DEF cells than in other host systems tested.BHK-21 cells had the highest DTMUV isolation rate.All DTMUV phylogenetic clusters were successfully isolated from the samples using BHK-21 cells.BHK-21 cells were the most efficient host system for DTMUV isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wikanda Tunterak
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchareeporn Ninvilai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Avian Veterinary Services, CPF (Thailand) Public Company Limited, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ranida Tuanudom
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Preclinical Science Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangduean Prakairungnamthip
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanisak Oraveerakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lv J, Liu X, Cui S, Yang L, Qu S, Meng R, Yang B, Feng C, Wang X, Zhang D. The Neutralizing Antibody Response Elicited by Tembusu Virus Is Affected Dramatically by a Single Mutation in the Stem Region of the Envelope Protein. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585194. [PMID: 33193231 PMCID: PMC7642334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that most commonly affects adult breeder and layer ducks. However, a TMUV-caused neurological disease has also been found in ducklings below 7 weeks of age, highlighting the need to develop a safe vaccine for young ducklings. In this study, a plaque-purified PS TMUV strain was attenuated by serial passage in BHK-21 cells. Using 1-day-old Pekin ducklings as a model, the virus was confirmed to be attenuated sufficiently after 180 passages, whereas the neutralizing antibody response elicited by the 180th passage virus (PS180) was substantially impaired compared with PS. The findings suggest that sufficient attenuation results in loss of immunogenicity in the development of the live-attenuated TMUV vaccine. Comparative sequence analysis revealed that PS180 acquired one mutation (V41M) in prM and four mutations (T70A, Y176H, K313R, and F408L) in the envelope (E) protein. To identify the amino acid substitution(s) associated with loss of immunogenicity of PS180, we rescued parental viruses, rPS and rPS180, and produced mutant viruses, rPS180-M41V, rPS180-A70T, rPS180-H176Y, rPS180-R313K, rPS180-L408F, and rPS180-M5, which contained residue 41V in prM, residues 70T, 176Y, 313K, and 408F in E, and combination of the five residues, respectively, of PS in the backbone of the rPS180 genome. The neutralizing antibody response elicited by rPS180-L408F and rPS180-M5 was significantly higher than those by other mutant viruses and comparable to that by rPS. Furthermore, we produced mutant virus rPS-F408L, which contained residue 408L of PS180 in the backbone of the rPS genome. The F408L mutation conferred significantly decreased neutralizing antibody response to rPS-F408L, which was comparable to that elicited by rPS180. Based on homologous modeling, residue 408 was predicted to be located within the first helical domain of the stem region of the E protein (EH1). Together, these data demonstrate that a single mutation within the EH1 domain exerts a dramatical impact on the TMUV neutralizing antibody response. The present work may enhance our understanding of molecular basis of the TMUV neutralizing antibody response, and provides an important step for the development of a safe and efficient live-attenuated TMUV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shulin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Yuyin D, Fengyang C, Xukang Z, Jianliang L. Heme Oxygenase-1 suppresses duck Tembusu virus replication in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108885. [PMID: 33157356 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme which plays important functions in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that HO-1 also has significant antiviral properties, inhibiting the replication of some kinds of viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and dengue fever virus (DFV). In this study, we evaluated the role of HO-1 in Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) replication in vitro. The results showed that, the mRNA expression level of HO-1 was transient up-regulated and then significantly decreased in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) infected with DTMUV. HO-1 induction by transfection of HO-1 over-expression plasmid or treatment with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), a potent HO-1 inducer, could inhibit DTMUV replication effectively. In contrast, HO-1 siRNA knockdown in DEF increased DTMUV replication, implied that HO-1 was an important cellular factor against DTMUV replication. Furthermore, we found that ferric ion (Fe3+) but not biliverdin and carbon monoxide, products of heme degradation by HO-1, mediated the HO-1-induced anti-DTMUV effect. Overall, these finding revealed that a drug induced the HO-1 signal pathway was a promising strategy for treating DTMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Du Yuyin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Cao Fengyang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zhang Xukang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Li Jianliang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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9
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Abstract
The disease caused by duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is characterized by severe egg-drop in laying ducks. Currently, the disease has spread to most duck-raising areas in China, leading to great economic losses in the duck industry. In the recent years, DTMUV has raised some concerns, because of its expanding host range and increasing pathogenicity, as well as the potential threat to public health. Innate immunity is crucial for defending against invading pathogens in the early stages of infection. Recently, studies on the interaction between DTMUV and host innate immune response have made great progress. In the review, we provide an overview of DTMUV and summarize current advances in our understanding of the interaction between DTMUV and innate immunity, including the host innate immune responses to DTMUV infection through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), signaling transducer molecules, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and the immune evasion strategies employed by DTMUV. The aim of the review is to gain an in-depth understanding of DTMUV pathogenesis to facilitate future studies.
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10
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Yang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Duan H, He P, Yang G, Liu L, Cheng H, Wang X, Pan J, Zhao J, Yu H, Yang B, Liu Y, Lin J. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an EB66 ® cell culture-derived duck Tembusu virus vaccine. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:448-456. [PMID: 32374185 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1763914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The avian EB66® cell line, derived from duck embryonic stem cells, has been widely used for producing human and animal therapeutic proteins and vaccines. In current study we evaluated the potential use of EB66® cell line in a cell culture-derived duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) vaccine development. After optimizing the growth conditions of DTMUV HB strain in EB66® cells, we successfully generated three batches of viruses with ELD50 titres of 105.9/0.1 ml, 105.3/0.1 ml and 105.5/0.1 ml, respectively, for using in the preparation of inactivated vaccines. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these EB66® cells-derived inactivated vaccines were examined in ducks. Results indicated that all three batches of vaccines induced haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody response in immunized birds at 2 weeks after a single immunization. Immunized ducks and ducklings were protected against a virulent challenge at 4 weeks after a booster immunization. The duration of immunity was for 3-4 months after a booster immunization. These results demonstrated the feasibility of using EB66® cell line to grow up DTMUV for vaccine preparation. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Duck Tembusu virus can be propagated in EB66® cells. EB66® cell-derived inactivated DTMUV vaccines are immunogenic and can provide protection against a virulent challenge. A long-lasting immunity is induced after a booster immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Gansu Jianshun Biosciences Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Huijuan Duan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingyou He
- Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijun Yang
- Gansu Jianshun Biosciences Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshou Yang
- Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehuan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Identification of a Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes a Unique Epitope on Domain III of the Envelope Protein of Tembusu Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060647. [PMID: 32549221 PMCID: PMC7354527 DOI: 10.3390/v12060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Domain III of the envelope protein (EDIII) is the major target of flavivirus neutralizing antibody. To date, little is known regarding antibody-mediated neutralization of Tembusu virus (TMUV), a novel flavivirus emerging in duck in 2010. Here, a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated 12F11, was prepared by immunization of mice with recombinant EDIII (rEDIII) protein. Using virus neutralization test, 12F11 in undiluted ascites neutralized the TMUV infectivity to induce the development of cytopathic effects in BHK-21 cells, indicating that 12F11 exhibits a neutralizing activity. The neutralizing activity of 12F11 was confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test, in which 12F11 reduced significantly the number of plaques produced by TMUV in BHK-21 cells. Western blot analyses of a series of truncated rEDIII proteins showed that the epitope recognized by 12F11 includes amino acids between residues 8 and 77 of EDIII protein. Function analysis demonstrated that 12F11 neutralizes TMUV infection at virus adsorption and at a step after adsorption to a certain extent. The present study provides an important step towards elucidating antibody-mediated neutralization of TMUV.
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12
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Zhang L, Zhao D, Han K, Huang X, Liu Y, Liu Q, Yang J, Li S, Li Y. Tembusu virus enters BHK-21 cells through a cholesterol-dependent and clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104242. [PMID: 32407862 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a newly emerging flavivirus and has caused significant economic loss to the poultry industry in China. To date, the entry of TMUV into host cells remains poorly understood. Here, the mechanism of TMUV entry into BHK-21 cells was investigated. The depletion of cellular cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin led to a significant decline in the titers and RNA levels of the infectious TMUV. This reduction was restored by supplementation of exogenous cholesterol. Membrane cholesterol depletion mainly blocked viral internalization but not attachment. However, viral infection was unaffected by genistein treatment or caveolin-1 silencing by small interfering RNA. In addition, clathrin-mediated endocytosis might be utilized in TMUV entry given that the viral infection was inhibited by knockdown of clathrin heavy chain and treatment of chlorpromazine (CPZ). Moreover, the number of internalized virus particles decreased under CPZ treatment. Dynasore inhibited TMUV entry suggesting a role for dynamin. Our results reveal that TMUV entry into BHK-21 cells is dependent on cholesterol, clathrin and dynamin but not caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dongmin Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Basic Amino Acid Substitution at Residue 367 of the Envelope Protein of Tembusu Virus Plays a Critical Role in Pathogenesis. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02011-19. [PMID: 32024774 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02011-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a flavivirus responsible for panzootic outbreaks of severe egg-drop and fatal encephalitis of domestic waterfowl in China. Although TMUV can be attenuated by in vitro passaging, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence attenuation is currently lacking. Here, we performed site-directed mutagenesis on five envelope (E) protein amino acid residues in accordance with the attenuated TMUV generated in our recent study. Our results showed that the Thr-to-Lys mutation of residue 367 in E protein (E367) plays a predominant role in viral cell adaptation and virulence attenuation in ducks compared with mutations in other residues. We further demonstrated that the positively charged basic amino acid substitution at E367 enhanced the viral binding affinity for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and reduced viremia levels and the efficiency of replication in major target organs in subcutaneously inoculated ducks. Interestingly, the T367K mutation increased viral neutralization sensitivity to the early immune sera. Together, our findings provide the first evidence that a basic amino acid substitution at E367 strongly impacts the in vitro and in vivo infection of TMUV.IMPORTANCE Outbreaks of Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection have caused huge economic losses in the production of domestic waterfowl since the virus was first recognized in China in 2010. To control TMUV infection, a live-attenuated vaccine candidate of TMUV was developed in our previous study, but the mechanisms of virulence attenuation are not fully understood. Here, we found that the Thr-to-Lys substitution at E367 is a crucial determinant of TMUV virulence attenuation in ducks. We demonstrated that the T367K mutation attenuates TMUV through reducing viral replication in the blood, brain, heart (ducklings), and ovaries. These data provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of TMUV and the rational development of novel TMUV vaccines.
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14
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Hu Z, Pan Y, Cheng A, Zhang X, Wang M, Chen S, Zhu D, Liu M, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhao X, Huang J, Zhang S, Mao S, Ou X, Yu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Tian B, Pan L, Rehman MU, Yin Z, Jia R. Autophagy Promotes Duck Tembusu Virus Replication by Suppressing p62/SQSTM1-Mediated Innate Immune Responses In Vitro. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010022. [PMID: 31941042 PMCID: PMC7157248 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) has recently appeared in ducks in China and the key cellular determiners for DTMUV replication in host cells remain unknown. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that has been reported to facilitate flavivirus replication. In this study, we utilized primary duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) as the cell model and found that DTMUV infection triggered LC3-II increase and polyubiquitin-binding protein sequestosome 1 (p62) decrease, confirming that complete autophagy occurred in DEF cells. The induction of autophagy by pharmacological treatment increased DTMUV replication in DEF cells, whereas the inhibition of autophagy with pharmacological treatments or RNA interference decreased DTMUV replication. Inhibiting autophagy enhanced the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) pathways and increased the p62 protein level in DTMUV-infected cells. We further found that the overexpression of p62 decreased DTMUV replication and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB and IRF7 pathways, and changes in the NF-κB and IRF7 pathways were consistent with the level of phosphorylated TANK-binding kinase 1 (p-TBK1). Opposite results were found in p62 knockdown cells. In summary, we found that autophagy-mediated p62 degradation acted as a new strategy for DTMUV to evade host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Xingcui Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Yanling Yu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Ling Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Yunya Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Leichang Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (Y.P.); (A.C.); (X.Z.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (S.M.); (X.O.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.T.); (L.P.); (M.U.R.)
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Correspondence:
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Lv J, Yang L, Qu S, Meng R, Li Q, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang D. Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies to Tembusu Virus: Implications for Infection and Immunity. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:442. [PMID: 31921903 PMCID: PMC6914806 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies are the key mediators of protective immune response to flaviviruses after both infection and vaccination. Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is considered the “gold standard” for measurement of the immunity. To date, little is known regarding neutralizing antibody response to Tembusu virus (TMUV), a novel flavivirus emerging in ducks in 2010. Here, we developed a PRNT for detection of TMUV neutralizing antibodies. Following optimization and validation, the PRNT was applied to test serum samples from different flocks of ducks. Using sera prepared in experimental conditions, the levels of 50% end point titer (neutralizing dose, ND50) generated from positive sera (5,012–79,433) were significantly higher than those from mock-infected sera (10 to 126), indicating that the test can be used in the detection of TMUV-specific neutralizing antibodies. Dose-dependent efficacy test of a cell-derived 180th passage of a plaque-purified virus of the PS TMUV isolate (PS180) in combined with immunization-challenge experiments revealed that ND50 titer of ~1,258 is the minimum capable of providing adequate protection against challenge with virulent TMUV. In the investigation of serum samples collected from three flocks infected by TMUV and four flocks vaccinated with a licensed attenuated vaccine (the 120th passage virus), ND50 titers peaked at 1 week after both disease onset (7,943–125,893) and vaccination (3,612–79,432), and high levels of ND50 titer were detected in sera collected at 15 weeks after disease onset (5,012–63,095) and 17 weeks after vaccination (3,981–25,119). Together these findings demonstrated that spontaneous and experimental infections by TMUV and vaccination with the licensed TMUV attenuated vaccine elicit high, long-lasting neutralizing antibodies. The highest ND50 titer of neutralizing antibodies elicited by PS180 was determined to be 3,162, suggesting that attenuation of TMUV by more passages has a dramatic impact on the neutralizing antibody response of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxiangzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huicong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhang L, Sun M, Zhang Q, Wang J, Cao Y, Cui S, Su J. Long-term passage of duck Tembusu virus in BHK-21 cells generates a completely attenuated and immunogenic population with increased genetic diversity. Vaccine 2019; 38:933-941. [PMID: 31708180 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus that causes severe egg-drop and fatal encephalitis in domestic ducks and geese. Although a live-attenuated virus vaccine is effective for disease control, the stability of the attenuation has not been clearly evaluated due to a poor understanding of the attenuation mechanism. Here, a virulent duck TMUV isolate was successively passaged in BHK-21 cells, leading to an approximately 100-fold increase of virus production in cell culture and a complete attenuation of virulence for ducks. The passaged virus induced high titers of TMUV-specific antibody and provided efficient protection against a virulent TMUV challenge after a single-dose vaccination. One hundred and two, and eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a frequency of >1% were respectively identified in the attenuated virus population and the original isolate by deep sequencing. The increased SNPs numbers suggested that the accumulated variants of virus population may have conferred the phenotypic changes. We cloned and characterized a dominant variant exhibiting similar fitness to the mixed population, and 23 amino acid substitutions were identified across the viral open reading frame. Using reverse genetics, two chimeric viruses were generated by introducing the mutated E or NS5 gene into the backbone of virulent TMUV. We found that mutations in the E gene conferred a fitness advantage in BHK-21 cells and decreased the virus pathogenicity, whereas NS5 mutations reduced the virus infectivity in ducklings without altering the in vitro fitness. In conclusion, increased mutations in a virulent TMUV strain did substantially reduce the virus virulence, and mutations in multiple genes co-contribute to TMUV attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mengxu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingshui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanxin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Observation Station for Veterinary Biological Technique, Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingliang Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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ITRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Proteome Profiles of Primary Duck Embryo Fibroblast Cells Infected with Duck Tembusu Virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1582709. [PMID: 30809531 PMCID: PMC6369498 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1582709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) have caused substantial economic losses in the major duck-producing regions of China since 2010. To improve our understanding of the host cellular responses to virus infection and the pathogenesis of DTMUV infection, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect the protein changes in duck embryo fibroblast cells (DEFs) infected and mock-infected with DTMUV. In total, 434 cellular proteins were differentially expressed, among which 116, 76, and 339 proteins were differentially expressed in the DTMUV-infected DEFs at 12, 24, and 42 hours postinfection, respectively. The Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the biological processes of the differentially expressed proteins were primarily related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, response to stimulus, and cellular organismal processes and that the molecular functions in which the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved were binding and catalytic activity. Some selected proteins that were found to be differentially expressed in DTMUV-infected DEFs were further confirmed by real-time PCR. The results of this study provide valuable insight into DTMUV-host interactions. This could lead to a better understanding of DTMUV infection mechanisms.
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18
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Benzarti E, Linden A, Desmecht D, Garigliany M. Mosquito-borne epornitic flaviviruses: an update and review. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:119-132. [PMID: 30628886 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile Virus, Usutu virus, Bagaza virus, Israel turkey encephalitis virus and Tembusu virus currently constitute the five flaviviruses transmitted by mosquito bites with a marked pathogenicity for birds. They have been identified as the causative agents of severe neurological symptoms, drop in egg production and/or mortalities among avian hosts. They have also recently shown an expansion of their geographic distribution and/or a rise in cases of human infection. This paper is the first up-to-date review of the pathology of these flaviviruses in birds, with a special emphasis on the difference in susceptibility among avian species, in order to understand the specificity of the host spectrum of each of these viruses. Furthermore, given the lack of a clear prophylactic approach against these viruses in birds, a meta-analysis of vaccination trials conducted to date on these animals is given to constitute a solid platform from which designing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Benzarti
- 1FARAH Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Annick Linden
- 2FARAH Research Center, Surveillance Network for Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- 1FARAH Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mutien Garigliany
- 1FARAH Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Tang J, Yin D, Wang R, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Xing X, Liu HM, Liu G, Wang G. A recombinant adenovirus expressing the E protein of duck Tembusu virus induces protective immunity in duck. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 81:314-320. [PMID: 30584200 PMCID: PMC6395196 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus disease, caused by the duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), can lead to a
severe reduction in egg production and growth retardation in laying ducks and ducklings,
respectively. In this study, we engineered a novel recombinant adenovirus expressing the E
protein of DTMUV (rAd-E) in AAV-293 cells (analyzed by western blot and indirect
immunofluorescence assays). Intramuscular immunization of Cherry Valley ducks with rAd-E
was performed to evaluate host cellular and humoral immune responses. Compared to the
phosphate-buffered saline administered group and the negative control wild-type adenovirus
(wtAd) group, the rAd-E vaccinated group showed increased cellular and humoral responses.
The results from the cytokine release and lymphocyte proliferation assays showed that
rAd-E induced a stronger cellular immune response than the control group
(P<0.01), 4 weeks after primary immunization. The results of
enzyme-linked immunosorbent and virus neutralization assays showed that rAd-E induced
higher titers of specific neutralizing antibodies, 2 weeks after primary immunization. The
DTMUV challenge experiment showed a higher survival rate (80%) of ducks in the rAd-E
group, when challenged with 0.5 ml
(ELD50=10−2.67/0.2 ml) of the DTMUV strain AH-F10.
These results indicate that rAd-E effectively protects ducks against DTMUV infection.
Therefore, rAd-E could be a vaccine candidate to provide an effective and safe method for
prevention and control of DTMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dongdong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xue Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
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20
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Zhao D, Han K, Huang X, Zhang L, Wang H, Liu N, Tian Y, Liu Q, Yang J, Liu Y, Li Y. Screening and identification of B-cell epitopes within envelope protein of tembusu virus. Virol J 2018; 15:142. [PMID: 30223850 PMCID: PMC6142368 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tembusu virus is a newly emerging flavivirus that caused egg-drop syndrome in ducks in China. TMUV envelope protein is a major structural protein locates at the surface of tembusu virus particle. During tembusu virus infection, envelope protein plays a pivotal role in induction of neutralizing antibody. However, B cell epitopes within envelope protein have not been well studied. Method A series of 13 peptides derived from E protein of tembusu virus were synthesized and screened by Dot blot with tembusu virus-positive duck serum. Potential B-cell epitopes were respectively fused with GST tag and expressed in E. coli. The immunogenicity and protective efficiency of epitopes were assessed in ducks. Results Dot blot assay identified the peptides P21 (amino acids 301–329), P23 (amino acids 369–387), P27 (amino acids 464–471) and P28 (amino acids 482–496) as potential B-cell epitopes within the envelope protein of tembusu virus. Immunization of prokaryotically expressed epitopes elicited specific antibodies in ducks and the specific antibody elicited by P21, P27 and P28 could neutralized tembusu virus. In addition, protective test suggested that P21 and P27 could completely protect immunized ducks from TMUV challenge. Conclusion Four potential B cell epiotpes within tembusu virus envelope protein were identified and analyzed in vitro and in vivo. It was demonstrated that two of them (P21 and P27) could elicit neutralizing antibodies in ducks and offer complete protection against tembusu virus challenge. This findings will contribute to the development of epitope vaccine for tembusu virus prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaikai Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Tian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhuo Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhao D, Han K, Zhang L, Wang H, Tian Y, Huang X, Liu Q, Yang J, Liu Y, Li Y. Identification and immunogenic evaluation of T cell epitopes based on tembusu virus envelope protein in ducks. Virus Res 2018; 257:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yu G, Lin Y, Tang Y, Diao Y. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Immune-Related Gene Expression in Duck Embryo Fibroblasts Following Duck Tembusu Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082328. [PMID: 30096804 PMCID: PMC6121397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck is a major waterfowl species in China, providing high-economic benefit with a population of up to 20–30 billion per year. Ducks are commonly affected by severe diseases, including egg-drop syndrome caused by duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV). The immune mechanisms against DTMUV invasion and infection remain poorly understood. In this study, duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) were infected with DTMUV and harvested at 12 and 24 h post-infection (hpi), and their genomes were sequenced. In total, 911 (764 upregulated and 147 downregulated genes) and 3008 (1791 upregulated and 1217 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 12 and 24 hpi, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were considerably enriched in immune-relevant pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Hematopoietic cell lineage at both time points. The key DEGs in immune system included those of the cytokines (IFN α2, IL-6, IL-8L, IL-12B, CCR7, CCL19, and CCL20), transcription factors or signaling molecules (IRF7, NF-κB, STAT1, TMEM173, and TNFAIP3), pattern recognition receptors (RIG-I and MDA5), and antigen-presenting proteins (CD44 and CD70). This suggests DTMUV infection induces strong proinflammatory/antiviral effects with enormous production of cytokines. However, these cytokines could not protect DEFs against viral attack. Our data revealed valuable transcriptional information regarding DTMUV-infected DEFs, thereby broadening our understanding of the immune response against DTMUV infection; this information might contribute in developing strategies for controlling the prevalence of DTMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanliu Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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23
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Zhang L, Li Z, Jin H, Hu X, Su J. Development and application of a monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA for detection of antibodies to Tembusu virus in multiple poultry species. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:201. [PMID: 29940964 PMCID: PMC6019803 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus. Outbreak of this virus infection in duck flocks was first observed in China in April 2010, causing severe egg drop and neurological signs in laying ducks. Recently reported duck infections in southeastern Asia highlighted the need for well-validated diagnostic methods of TMUV surveillance to understand its epidemiological characteristics and maintenance in nature. Several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of TMUV infection have been reported, but none have been applied to high-throughput diagnostics. Results In this study, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against TMUV was generated and characterized. MAb 9E4 was shown to bind specifically to a disulfide bond-dependent epitope on the domain I/II of TMUV E protein, and a blocking ELISA was established based on this MAb. The cut-off percentage inhibition value for negative sera was set at 30%. By comparison with the virus neutralization test, the specificity and sensitivity of the blocking ELISA were 96.37% and 100%, respectively, and the kappa value was 0.966, based on 416 serum samples collected from both experimentally and clinically infected ducks, geese and chickens. A good correlation (r2 = 07998, P < 0.001) was observed between the blocking ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) titers. Using archived duck serum samples collected between 2009 and 2015, the seroprevalence in duck flocks raised in Northern China was estimated by blocking ELISA. Conclusions Our MAb-based blocking ELISA provides a reliable and rapid diagnostic tool for serological monitoring of TMUV infection and evaluation of immune status following TMUV vaccination in multiple poultry species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1537-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingliang Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Oral Vaccination with a DNA Vaccine Encoding Capsid Protein of Duck Tembusu Virus Induces Protection Immunity. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040180. [PMID: 29642401 PMCID: PMC5923474 DOI: 10.3390/v10040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of duck tembusu virus (DTMUV), a new member of the Flavivirus genus, has caused great economical loss in the poultry industry in China. Since the outbreak and spread of DTMUV is hard to control in a clinical setting, an efficient and low-cost oral delivery DNA vaccine SL7207 (pVAX1-C) based on the capsid protein of DTMUV was developed and evaluated in this study. The antigen capsid protein was expressed from the DNA vaccine SL7207 (pVAX1-C), both in vitro and in vivo. The humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo were observed after oral immunization with the SL7207 (pVAX1-C) DNA vaccine. High titers of the specific antibody against the capsid protein and the neutralizing antibody against the DTMUV virus were both detected after inoculation. The ducks were efficiently protected from lethal DTMUV exposure by the SL7207 (pVAX1-C) vaccine in this experiment. Taken together, we demonstrated that the capsid protein of DTMUV possesses a strong immunogenicity against the DTMUV infection. Moreover, an oral delivery of the DNA vaccine SL7207 (pVAX1-C) utilizing Salmonella SL7207 was an efficient way to protect the ducks against DTMUV infection and provides an economic and fast vaccine delivery strategy for a large scale clinical use.
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Sun M, Dong J, Li L, Lin Q, Sun J, Liu Z, Shen H, Zhang J, Ren T, Zhang C. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) pre-membrane and envelope proteins protects ducks against DTMUV and NDV challenge. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:60-69. [PMID: 29685222 PMCID: PMC7117350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Firstly generated a NDV-vectored Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV) bivalent vaccine that expressing the pre-membrane and envelope proteins of DTMUV. Evaluated the efficacy of the NDV-vectored Duck Tembusu Virus bivalent vaccine. Provided a new method for NDV and DTMUV controlling in waterfowl.
The newly emerged Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is responsible for considerable economic loss in waterfowl-raising areas in China since 2010. Meanwhile, the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has also caused sporadic outbreaks in waterfowl. The individual vaccines against both diseases are available, however, there is no bivalent or combined vaccine for either disease. Here, we constructed a recombinant NDV-vectored vaccine candidate that expresses the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes from DTMUV, designated as aGM/prM + E. The foreign prM and E proteins were stably expressed in aGM/prM + E and exhibited similar pathogenicity but higher growth kinetics than those of the parental virus. The aGM/prM + E carries a fusion cleavage site in accordance with avirulent viruses that have been frequently isolated from waterfowl, and induced remarkably (p < 0.001) higher NDV-specific hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers than commercially available live NDV vaccines (LaSota strain). The aGM/prM + E also elicited significantly higher (p < 0.05) virus neutralization (VN) titers than commercially available DTMUV inactivated vaccines (HB strain). The aGM/prM + E not only provided complete protection against NDV challenge but also reduced the gross lesions on ovarian folliculi and provided 80% protection against DTMUV in ducks. We note that the aGM/prM + E vaccine can prevent challenged ducks from shedding of NDV and DTMUV. Our results suggest that the candidate vaccine aGM/prM + E would help decrease NDV and DTMUV transmissions in waterfowl raising areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junying Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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