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Smolinska V, Csobonyeiova M, Zamborsky R, Danisovic L. Stem Cells and Their Derivatives: An Implication for the Regeneration of Nonunion Fractures. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231183530. [PMID: 37462248 PMCID: PMC10363876 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231183530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in biomedical research, fracture nonunion rates have remained stable throughout the years. Long-bone fractures have a high likelihood of nonunion, but the specific biological pathways involved in this severe consequence are unknown. Fractures often heal in an organized sequence, including the production of a hematoma and an early stage of inflammation, the development of a soft callus and hard callus, and eventually the stage of bone remodeling. Deficient healing can result in a persistent bone defect with instability, discomfort, and loss of function. In the treatment of nonunions, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prove to be a promising and safe alternative to the standard therapeutic strategies. Moreover, novel scaffolds are being created in order to use a synergistic biomimetic technique to rapidly generate bone tissue. MSCs respond to acellular biomimetic matrices by regenerating bone. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs have recently gained interest in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration. Although many of these techniques and technologies are still in the preclinical stage and have not yet been approved for use in humans, novel approaches to accelerate bone healing via MSCs and/or MSC derivatives have the potential to reduce the physical, economic, and social burdens associated with nonhealing fractures and bone defects. In this review, we focus on providing an up-to-date summary of recent scientific studies dealing with the treatment of nonunion fractures in clinical and preclinical settings employing MSC-based therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Smolinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
| | - Maria Csobonyeiova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Zamborsky
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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ZHANG D, WU S. Effects of Foxc1 and Oct4 genes regulating BMSCs transplantation on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.55321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sharun K, Pawde AM, Banu S A, Manjusha KM, Kalaiselvan E, Kumar R, Kinjavdekar P, Amarpal. Development of a novel atrophic non-union model in rabbits: A preliminary study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68:102558. [PMID: 34336194 PMCID: PMC8313836 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The currently available atrophic non-union models rely on wide segmental excision of bone diaphysis to impede the process of healing but lack resemblance to the clinical scenario. The present study focused on developing an in vivo model of atrophic non-union fracture in rabbit radius that can replicate the clinical scenario. Materials and methods The atrophic non-union fracture model was developed by creating a 10 mm segmental bone defect in the radial diaphysis of five adult New Zealand White rabbits. The periosteum (2 mm) of the cut bone ends was cauterized using electrocautery to induce atrophy. Atrophic non-union was confirmed using radiographic and histologic evaluations on 30th postoperative day. Results The radiographic signs of healing were completely absent in all the rabbits on 30th postoperative day, indicating inert bone ends. Histological findings further confirmed the presence of inert bone ends, indicating the development of atrophic non-union. Conclusion The combination of the segmental bone defect, electrocautery induced thermal damage of bone end periosteum, and delayed treatment can induce the development of atrophic non-union fracture model in rabbits that can replicate the clinical scenario. In vivo model of atrophic non-union fracture in rabbit radius was developed that can replicate the clinical scenario. Radiographic and histological findings confirmed the presence of inert bone ends. Combination of segmental bone defect, electrocautery induced thermal damage, and delayed treatment can induce atrophic non-union fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amitha Banu S
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K M Manjusha
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E Kalaiselvan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Kinjavdekar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang S, Qiu J, Guo A, Ren R, He W, Liu S, Liu Y. Nanoscale perfluorocarbon expediates bone fracture healing through selectively activating osteoblastic differentiation and functions. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:84. [PMID: 32493334 PMCID: PMC7271395 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and rationale Fracture incidence increases with ageing and other contingencies. However, the strategy of accelerating fracture repair in clinical therapeutics remain a huge challenge due to its complexity and a long-lasting period. The emergence of nano-based drug delivery systems provides a highly efficient, targeted and controllable drug release at the diseased site. Thus far, fairly limited studies have been carried out using nanomedicines for the bone repair applications. Perfluorocarbon (PFC), FDA-approved clinical drug, is received increasing attention in nanomedicine due to its favorable chemical and biologic inertness, great biocompatibility, high oxygen affinity and serum-resistant capability. In the premise, the purpose of the current study is to prepare nano-sized PFC materials and to evaluate their advisable effects on promoting bone fracture repair. Results Our data unveiled that nano-PFC significantly enhanced the fracture repair in the rabbit model with radial fractures, as evidenced by increased soft callus formation, collagen synthesis and accumulation of beneficial cytokines (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) and osteocalcin). Mechanistic studies unraveled that nano-PFC functioned to target osteoblasts by stimulating their differentiation and activities in bone formation, leading to accelerated bone remodeling in the fractured zones. Otherwise, osteoclasts were not affected upon nano-PFC treatment, ruling out the potential target of nano-PFC on osteoclasts and their progenitors. Conclusions These results suggest that nano-PFC provides a potential perspective for selectively targeting osteoblast cell and facilitating callus generation. This study opens up a new avenue for nano-PFC as a promising agent in therapeutics to shorten healing time in treating bone fracture.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anyi Guo
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The 4th Clinical Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, No. 31 East Street, Xinjiekou, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Ruanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei He
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The 4th Clinical Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, No. 31 East Street, Xinjiekou, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The 4th Clinical Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, No. 31 East Street, Xinjiekou, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
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