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Wang L, Liu X, Tang Y, Cai S, Zheng Z, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Tang H, Chen X, Wu H. Effect of dental chew on reducing dental plaque, dental calculus and halitosis in beagle dogs. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105304. [PMID: 38759349 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Periodontosis is the most common clinical disease in adult dogs, which is mainly caused by plaque accumulation and seriously endangers the oral health of dogs and even cause kidney, myocardial, and liver problems in severe cases. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of dental chew (Cature Brushing Treats product) with mechanical and chemical properties in beagles. The dogs in the experimental group were fed with a dental chew twice a day after meals; The control group had no treatment. Dental plaque was evaluated on the 14th day and 29th day, respectively. The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in the breath and dental calculus were also evaluated on the 29th day. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the indexes of dental plaque on the 14th day. While they had significantly reduced accumulation of plaque (37.63%), calculus (37.61%), and VSC concentration (81.08%) compared to when receiving no chew on the 29th day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China; Ecological Organic Animal Husbandry Technical Service Center of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, 811599, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Sisi Cai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhijie Zheng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Fiber Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Fiber Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Haili Tang
- Fiber Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Fiber Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Haichong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Alessandri G, Fontana F, Mancabelli L, Tarracchini C, Lugli GA, Argentini C, Longhi G, Rizzo SM, Vergna LM, Anzalone R, Viappiani A, Turroni F, Ossiprandi MC, Milani C, Ventura M. Species-level characterization of saliva and dental plaque microbiota reveals putative bacterial and functional biomarkers of periodontal diseases in dogs. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae082. [PMID: 38782729 PMCID: PMC11165276 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are among the most common bacterial-related pathologies affecting the oral cavity of dogs. Nevertheless, the canine oral ecosystem and its correlations with oral disease development are still far from being fully characterized. In this study, the species-level taxonomic composition of saliva and dental plaque microbiota of 30 healthy dogs was investigated through a shallow shotgun metagenomics approach. The obtained data allowed not only to define the most abundant and prevalent bacterial species of the oral microbiota in healthy dogs, including members of the genera Corynebacterium and Porphyromonas, but also to identify the presence of distinct compositional motifs in the two oral microniches as well as taxonomical differences between dental plaques collected from anterior and posterior teeth. Subsequently, the salivary and dental plaque microbiota of 18 dogs affected by chronic gingival inflammation and 18 dogs with periodontitis were compared to those obtained from the healthy dogs. This analysis allowed the identification of bacterial and metabolic biomarkers correlated with a specific clinical status, including members of the genera Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium as microbial biomarkers of a healthy and diseased oral status, respectively, and genes predicted to encode for metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties as metabolic biomarkers of a healthy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Argentini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Longhi
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sonia Mirjam Rizzo
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Maria Vergna
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Ossiprandi
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Ruparell A, Gibbs M, Colyer A, Wallis C, Harris S, Holcombe LJ. Developing diagnostic tools for canine periodontitis: combining molecular techniques and machine learning models. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:163. [PMID: 37723566 PMCID: PMC10507867 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental plaque microbes play a key role in the development of periodontal disease. Numerous high-throughput sequencing studies have generated understanding of the bacterial species associated with both canine periodontal health and disease. Opportunities therefore exist to utilise these bacterial biomarkers to improve disease diagnosis in conscious-based veterinary oral health checks. Here, we demonstrate that molecular techniques, specifically quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can be utilised for the detection of microbial biomarkers associated with canine periodontal health and disease. RESULTS Over 40 qPCR assays targeting single microbial species associated with canine periodontal health, gingivitis and early periodontitis were developed and validated. These were used to quantify levels of the respective taxa in canine subgingival plaque samples collected across periodontal health (PD0), gingivitis (PD1) and early periodontitis (PD2). When qPCR outputs were compared to the corresponding high-throughput sequencing data there were strong correlations, including a periodontal health associated taxa, Capnocytophaga sp. COT-339 (rs =0.805), and two periodontal disease associated taxa, Peptostreptococcaceae XI [G-4] sp. COT-019 (rs=0.902) and Clostridiales sp. COT-028 (rs=0.802). The best performing models, from five machine learning approaches applied to the qPCR data for these taxa, estimated 85.7% sensitivity and 27.5% specificity for Capnocytophaga sp. COT-339, 74.3% sensitivity and 67.5% specificity for Peptostreptococcaceae XI [G-4] sp. COT-019, and 60.0% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity for Clostridiales sp. COT-028. CONCLUSIONS A qPCR-based approach is an accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective method for detection of microbial biomarkers associated with periodontal health and disease. Taken together, the correlation between qPCR and high-throughput sequencing outputs, and early accuracy insights, indicate the strategy offers a prospective route to the development of diagnostic tools for canine periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avika Ruparell
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Matthew Gibbs
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Alison Colyer
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Corrin Wallis
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Stephen Harris
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Lucy J Holcombe
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
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Tavares MDO, Dos Reis LD, Lopes WR, Schwarz LV, Rocha RKM, Scariot FJ, Echeverrigaray S, Delamare APL. Bacterial community associated with gingivitis and periodontitis in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104962. [PMID: 37542932 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic condition characterized by bacterial adhesion, followed by biofilm formation, and subsequently by an inflammatory process that progresses to gingivitis and later to periodontitis. The variations in the oral microbiota have been associated with the progression of this disease. This study evaluated the alteration of the cultivable oral microbiota in dogs with different oral health status. Thirty dogs were selected and divided into three groups: healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis. The collected oral samples were seeded, and colonies with distinct phenotypic characteristics were isolated and classified using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The DNA sequences were aligned, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Simpson's diversity index was calculated, and a dissimilarity matrix based on the Jaccard similarity index was used to plot a principal coordinate analysis. A total of 119 bacteria with different colony morphologies were isolated and classified into 4 phyla, 29 genera, and 45 species based on phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated an increase in bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum and a less extended decrease in Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla in dogs with periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) compared to healthy dogs. Representatives of the genera Neisseria sp., Corynebacterium sp., Pasteurella sp., and Moraxella sp. increased through the worsening of the periodontal disease, while Staphylococcus sp. decreased. All groups exhibited moderate to high levels of biodiversity index, and the plotted PCoA show a clear separation in the oral microbiome of dogs with periodontitis compared to dogs with gingivitis and the healthy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício de Oliveira Tavares
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Institute of Biotechnology, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Dornelles Dos Reis
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Institute of Biotechnology, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Wesley Renosto Lopes
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Institute of Biotechnology, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luisa Vivian Schwarz
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Institute of Biotechnology, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Kauê Mattos Rocha
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Institute of Biotechnology, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Joel Scariot
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Institute of Biotechnology, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Sergio Echeverrigaray
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Institute of Biotechnology, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Longaray Delamare
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Institute of Biotechnology, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Assessment of Changes in the Oral Microbiome That Occur in Dogs with Periodontal Disease. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120291. [PMID: 34941818 PMCID: PMC8707289 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome in dogs is a complex community. Under some circumstances, it contributes to periodontal disease, a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by a complex interaction between oral microbes and the immune system. Porphyromonas and Tannerella spp. are usually dominant in this disease. How the oral microbiome community is altered in periodontal disease, especially sub-dominant microbial populations is unclear. Moreover, how microbiome functions are altered in this disease has not been studied. In this study, we compared the composition and the predicted functions of the microbiome of the cavity of healthy dogs to those with from periodontal disease. The microbiome of both groups clustered separately, indicating important differences. Periodontal disease resulted in a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and reductions in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Porphyromonas abundance increased 2.7 times in periodontal disease, accompanied by increases in Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. It was predicted that aerobic respiratory processes are decreased in periodontal disease. Enrichment in fermentative processes and anaerobic glycolysis were suggestive of an anaerobic environment, also characterized by higher lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. This study contributes to a better understanding of how periodontal disease modifies the oral microbiome and makes a prediction of the metabolic pathways that contribute to the inflammatory process observed in periodontal disease.
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O'Neill DG, Mitchell CE, Humphrey J, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Pegram C. Epidemiology of periodontal disease in dogs in the UK primary-care veterinary setting. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:1051-1061. [PMID: 34374104 PMCID: PMC9291557 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Periodontal disease is a frequent diagnosis of dogs and can have severe negative impacts on welfare. It was hypothesised that breeds with skull shapes that differ most in conformation from the moderate mesocephalic skull shape have higher odds of periodontal disease. Materials and Methods The cohort study included a random sample of dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016 from the VetCompass Programme database. Risk factor analysis used random effects multivariable logistic regression modelling. Results The study included a random sample of 22,333 dogs. The 1‐year period prevalence for diagnosis with periodontal disease was 12.52% (95% CI: 12.09 to 12.97). Eighteen breeds showed increased odds compared with crossbred dogs. Breeds with the highest odds included Toy Poodle (odds ratio 3.97, 95% confidence intervals 2.21 to 7.13), King Charles Spaniel (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.50 to 4.61), Greyhound (odds ratio 2.58, 95% confidence interval 1.75 to 3.80) and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.85 to 3.09). Four breeds showed reduced odds compared with crossbreds. Brachycephalic breeds had 1.25 times the odds (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.42) of periodontal disease compared with mesocephalic breeds. Spaniel types had 1.63 times the odds (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 1.87) compared with non‐spaniel types. Increasing adult bodyweight was associated with progressively decreasing odds of periodontal disease. Clinical Significance The high prevalence identified in this study highlights periodontal disease as a priority welfare concern for predisposed breeds. Veterinarians can use this information to promote improved dental care in predisposed dogs, especially as these dogs age.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G O'Neill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - J Humphrey
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D B Church
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D C Brodbelt
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - C Pegram
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
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