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Wang X, Zhu H, Hu J, Zhang B, Guo W, Wang Z, Wang D, Qi J, Tian M, Bao Y, Si F, Wang S. Genetic distribution, characterization, and function of Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2 (ETT2). iScience 2024; 27:109763. [PMID: 38706860 PMCID: PMC11068852 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacteria use type Ⅲ secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins and subvert host signaling pathways, facilitating the growth, survival, and virulence. Notably, some bacteria harbor multiple distinct T3SSs with different functions. An extraordinary T3SS, the Escherichia coli Type III Secretion System 2 (ETT2), is widespread among Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. Since many ETT2 carry genetic mutations or deletions, it is thought to be nonfunctional. However, increasing studies highlight ETT2 contributes to E. coli pathogenesis. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of genetic distribution and characterization of ETT2. Subsequently, we outline its functional potential, contending that an intact ETT2 may retain the capacity to translocate effector proteins and manipulate the host's innate immune response. Given the potential zoonotic implications associated with ETT2-carrying bacteria, further investigations into the structure, function and regulation of ETT2 are imperative for comprehensive understanding of E. coli pathogenicity and the development of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiangang Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiqi Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanqing Bao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fusheng Si
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
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Araújo D, Silva AR, Fernandes R, Serra P, Barros MM, Campos AM, Oliveira R, Silva S, Almeida C, Castro J. Emerging Approaches for Mitigating Biofilm-Formation-Associated Infections in Farm, Wild, and Companion Animals. Pathogens 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38668275 PMCID: PMC11054384 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of addressing the problem of biofilms in farm, wild, and companion animals lies in their pervasive impact on animal health and welfare. Biofilms, as resilient communities of microorganisms, pose a persistent challenge in causing infections and complicating treatment strategies. Recognizing and understanding the importance of mitigating biofilm formation is critical to ensuring the welfare of animals in a variety of settings, from farms to the wild and companion animals. Effectively addressing this issue not only improves the overall health of individual animals, but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable agriculture, wildlife conservation, and responsible pet ownership. This review examines the current understanding of biofilm formation in animal diseases and elucidates the complex processes involved. Recognizing the limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, mechanisms of resistance associated with biofilms are explored. The focus is on alternative therapeutic strategies to control biofilm, with illuminating case studies providing valuable context and practical insights. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of exploring emerging approaches to mitigate biofilm formation in animals. It consolidates existing knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and encourages further research to address this critical facet of animal health. The comprehensive perspective provided by this review serves as a foundation for future investigations and interventions to improve the management of biofilm-associated infections in diverse animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Patrícia Serra
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Margarida Barros
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Campos
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Li Q, Qi Z, Fu D, Tang B, Song X, Shao Y, Tu J, Qi K. EspE3 plays a role in the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Res 2023; 54:70. [PMID: 37644523 PMCID: PMC10463865 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
APEC encodes multiple virulence factors that have complex pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, we report a virulence factor named EspE3, which can be secreted from APEC. This protein was predicted to have a leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR) and may have a similar function to IpaH class effectors of the type III secretion system (T3SS). For further exploration, the regulatory correlation between the espE3 and ETT2 genes in APEC was analysed. We then assessed the pathogenicity of EspE3, detected it in APEC secretion proteins and screened the proteins of EspE3 that interact with chicken trachea epithelial cells. This study provides data on a new virulence factor for further exploring the pathogenic mechanism of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Biosafety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bioproduct Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China.
- Guotai (Taizhou) Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhao Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Biosafety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Biosafety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bioproduct Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
- Guotai (Taizhou) Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Biosafety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Biosafety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Biosafety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Biosafety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Fu D, Zheng Q, Wu X, Wu J, Shao Y, Wang Z, Tu J, Song X, Qi K. The transcriptional regulator EtrA mediates ompW contributing to the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol 2023; 283:109775. [PMID: 37210862 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes avian colibacillosis and leads to high mortality in poultry and huge economic losses. Therefore, it is important to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of APEC. Outer membrane protein OmpW is involved in the environmental adaptation and pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacteria. OmpW is regulated by many proteins, including FNR, ArcA, and NarL. In previous studies, regulator EtrA is involved in the pathogenicity of APEC and affects the transcript levels of ompW. However, the function of OmpW in APEC and its regulation remain unclear. In this study, we constructed mutant strains with altered etrA and/or ompW genes to evaluate the roles of EtrA and OmpW in the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of APEC. Compared with wild-type strain AE40, mutant strains ∆etrA, ∆ompW, and ∆etrA∆ompW showed significantly lower motility, lower survival under external environmental stress, and lower resistance to serum. Biofilm formation by ∆etrA and ∆etrA∆ompW was significantly enhanced relative to that of AE40. The transcript levels of TNF-α, IL1β, and IL6 were also significantly enhanced in DF-1 cells infected with these mutant strains. Animal infection assays showed that deletion of etrA and ompW genes attenuated the virulence of APEC in chick models, and damage to the trachea, heart, and liver caused by these mutant strains was attenuated relative to that caused by the wild-type strain. RT-qPCR and β-galactosidase assay showed that EtrA positively regulates the expression of the ompW gene. These findings demonstrate that regulator EtrA positively regulates the expression of OmpW, and that they both contribute to APEC motility, biofilm formation, serum resistance, and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianmei Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Yin L, Cheng B, Tu J, Shao Y, Song X, Pan X, Qi K. YqeH contributes to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli pathogenicity by regulating motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. Vet Res 2022; 53:30. [PMID: 35436977 PMCID: PMC9014576 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a pathotype of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and one of the most serious infectious diseases of poultry. It not only causes great economic losses to the poultry industry, but also poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Here, we examined the role of YqeH, a transcriptional regulator located at E. coli type III secretion system 2 (ETT2), in APEC pathogenesis. To investigate the effects of YqeH on APEC phenotype and virulence, we constructed a yqeH deletion mutant (APEC40-ΔyqeH) and a complemented strain (APEC40-CΔyqeH) of APEC40. Compared with the wild type (WT), the motility and biofilm formation of APEC40-ΔyqeH were significantly reduced. The yqeH mutant was highly attenuated in a chick infection model compared with WT, and showed severe defects in its adherence to and invasion of chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena were unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the transcriptional effects of the yqeH deletion to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of YqeH, and the role of YqeH in APEC virulence. The deletion of yqeH downregulated the transcript levels of several flagellum-, biofilm-, and virulence-related genes. Our results demonstrate that YqeH is involved in APEC pathogenesis, and the reduced virulence of APEC40-ΔyqeH may be related to its reduced motility and biofilm formation.
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Li Q, Tu J, Jiang N, Zheng Q, Fu D, Song X, Shao Y, Qi K. Serum resistance factors in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli mediated by ETT2 gene cluster. Avian Pathol 2021; 51:34-44. [PMID: 34708677 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1998361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Serum resistance is a poorly understood but common trait of some systemic disease pathogenic strains of bacteria. In this study, we analysed the role Escherichia coli type three secretion system 2 (ETT2) of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in serum resistance by bacteria survival number in serum culture, mRNA Seq and Tandem Mass Tag™ (TMT™) detection, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extraction, and biofilm formation detection. We found that the ETT2 gene cluster deletion strain (ΔETT2) is more resistant to the killing effect of serum than wild type APEC40. The analysis of ΔETT2 compared to APEC40 in the transcriptomics and proteomics data showed that ETT2 has a negative effect in the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) translator system and quorum sensing system and a positive effect in purine metabolism. ETT2 may affect the LPS, biofilm, flagella, and fimbriae which may affect the serum resistance. These results could lead to effective strategies for managing the infection of APEC. The mRNA Seq data of this study are available in the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information under the BioProject PRJNA757182, and proteomic raw data have been deposited under the accession number IPX0003420000 at iProX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Dandan Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
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