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Altay K, Erol U, Sahin OF. Anaplasma capra: a new emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1329-1340. [PMID: 38424380 PMCID: PMC11147849 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The genus Anaplasma includes A. marginale, A. centrale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. platys, and A. phagocytophilum transmitted by ticks, some of which are zoonotic and cause anaplasmosis in humans and animals. In 2012, a new species was discovered in goats in China. In 2015, the same agent was detected in humans in China, and it was provisionally named Anaplasma capra, referring to 2012. The studies conducted to date have revealed the existence of A. capra in humans, domestic animals, wild animals, and ticks from three different continents (Asia, Europe, and Africa). Phylogenetic analyses based on gltA and groEL sequences show that A. capra clearly includes two different genotypes (A. capra genotype-1 and A. capra genotype-2). Although A. capra human isolates are in the genotype-2 group, goat, sheep, and cattle isolates are in both groups, making it difficult to establish a host genotype-relationship. According to current data, it can be thought that human isolates are genotype-2 and while only genotype-1 is found in Europe, both genotypes are found in Asia. Anaplasma capra causes clinical disease in humans, but the situation is not yet sufficient to understand the zoonotic importance and pathogenicity in animals. In the present review, the history, hosts (vertebrates and ticks), molecular prevalence, pathogenic properties, and genetic diversity of A. capra were evaluated from a broad perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursat Altay
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Türkiye.
| | - Ufuk Erol
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Türkiye
| | - Omer Faruk Sahin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Türkiye
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Xue J, Chen SS, Xu ZY, Wang FN, Wang J, Diao D, Du L, Xie GC, Guo WP. Anaplasma, Bartonella, and Rickettsia infections in Daurian ground squirrels ( Spermophilus dauricus), Hebei, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1359797. [PMID: 38605713 PMCID: PMC11007220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodents have been confirmed as hosts of various vector-borne zoonotic pathogens and are important for the maintenance of these microbes in nature. However, surveillance for zoonotic pathogens is limited for many wild rodent species in China, so our knowledge of pathogen ecology, genetic diversity, and the risk of cross-species transmission to humans is limited. In this study, 165 spleen samples of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) were collected from Weichang Manchu and the Mongolian Autonomous County of Hebei Province, China, and Rickettsia, Bartonella, and Anaplasma were identified by DNA detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis identified eight bacterial pathogens: R. raoultii, R. sibirica, Candidatus R. longicornii, B. washoensis, B. grahamii, B. jaculi, A. capra, and Candidatus Anaplasma cinensis. Co-infection of B. grahamii and R. raoultii in one sample was observed. Our results demonstrated the genetic diversity of bacteria in Daurian ground squirrels and contributed to the distribution of these pathogens. Six species, A. capra, R. raoultii, R. sibirica, Candidatus R. longicornii, B. washoensis, and B. grahamii, are known to be pathogenic to humans, indicating a potential public health risk to the local human population, especially to herders who frequently have close contact with Daurian ground squirrels and are thus exposed to their ectoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Si-Si Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Ze-Yun Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Fang-Ni Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jiangli Wang
- Chengde Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengde, China
| | - Danhong Diao
- Chengde Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengde, China
| | - Luanying Du
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Guang-Cheng Xie
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Wen-Ping Guo
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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Oguz B, Deger MS, Al-Olayan E, El-Ashram S. Molecular Survey of Anaplasma capra in Goats in Van Province, Eastern Türkiye. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:370-374. [PMID: 38112913 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A newly discovered zoonotic infection carried by ixodid ticks, Anaplasma capra, affects a wide variety of hosts, including numerous mammals. A. capra most likely infects erythrocytes or endothelial cells in mammals. This study aimed to investigate the A. capra pathogen in goats in Türkiye's Van province. METHODS A total of 200 goat blood samples were examined. Goat samples were subjected to partial amplification of the gltA gene fragment using a nested polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A. capra DNA was detected in 0.5% of goat blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis of a partial gltA gene fragment showed that the Eastern Türkiye isolate, closely grouped with A. capra isolates reported from wild and domestic ruminants in France, Türkiye, and Kyrgyzstan, formed a distinct clade. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of A. capra in goats in Van province, Eastern Türkiye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Oguz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Tusba, 65100, Van, Türkiye.
| | - M Serdar Deger
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Tusba, 65100, Van, Türkiye
| | - Ebtsam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
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Lin ZT, Ye RZ, Liu JY, Wang XY, Zhu WJ, Li YY, Cui XM, Cao WC. Epidemiological and phylogenetic characteristics of emerging Anaplasma capra: A systematic review with modeling analysis. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 115:105510. [PMID: 37778674 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasma capra, an emerging tick-borne pathogen, has caused a lot of concern since initially recognized in goats and patients in China in 2015, and has been reported in a wide range of domestic and wild animals as well as ticks worldwide, posing a threat to public health. In this systematic review, we established a comprehensive database to acquire the distribution and prevalence status of this pathogen, and collected all sequences of A. capra to summarize the details of genetic diversity by phylogenetic analysis. We also predicted the possible global distribution of A. capra by using ecological niche model. A. capra has been known to distribute in 18 countries across Asia, Europe and Africa. A total of 19 species of mammals from seven families have been reported as hosts, and domestic ruminants including goats, sheep and cattle were the major hosts. At least 8 tick species of 4 genera have been reported to carry A. capra, and Haemaphysalis longicornis was most commonly infected. Sheep and Rhipicephalus microplus had the highest positive rates among animals and ticks. Phylogenetic analysis based on gltA and groEL genes revealed that A. capra could primarily be divided into two clusters related to geographic location and animal hosts. The predictive model showed that the most suitable habitats for presence of A. capra were mainly located in Asia and eastern Europe. These cumulative data regarding A. capra of our study lay a foundation for the subsequent exploration of this emerging tick-borne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Tao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Run-Ze Ye
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jin-Yue Liu
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yu-Yu Li
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China; Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
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Zhou S, Huang L, Lin Y, Bhowmick B, Zhao J, Liao C, Guan Q, Wang J, Han Q. Molecular surveillance and genetic diversity of Anaplasma spp. in cattle (Bos taurus) and goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) from Hainan island/province, China. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:213. [PMID: 37853405 PMCID: PMC10583423 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplasmosis is a highly prevalent tick-borne intracellular bacterial disease that affects various host species globally, particularly ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions. However, information regarding the distribution and epidemiology of anaplasmosis in small and large ruminants on Hainan Isalnd is limited. To address this knowledge gap, the present study aimed to assess the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. infections in goats (N = 731) and cattle (N = 176) blood samples using nested PCR and conventional PCR based assays. The results revealed an overall prevalence of 30.1% in goats and 14.8% in cattle. The infection rates of A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. capra in goat samples were 22.7%, 13.8%, 2.0% and 3.4%, respectively, while the infection rates of A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale in cattle samples were 11.4%, 6.3% and 5.7%, respectively. A. bovis exhibited the highest prevalence among the Anaplasma spp. in both goat and cattle samples. In addition, the most frequent co-infection was the one with A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis. It was found that the age, sex and feeding habits of cattle and goats were considered to be important risk factors. Evaluation of the risk factor relating to the rearing system showed that the infection rate for the free-range goats and cattle was significantly higher when compared with stall-feeding system.This study represents one of the largest investigations on the distribution, prevalence, and risk factors associated with Anaplasma infection in ruminants on Hainan Island, highlighting a higher circulation of the infection in the region than previously anticipated. Further reasesrch is necessary to investigate tick vectors, reservoir animals, and the zoonotic potential of the Anaplasma spp. in this endemic region of Hainan Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Zhou
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Liangyuan Huang
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Lin
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Biswajit Bhowmick
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Chenghong Liao
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Qingfeng Guan
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Qian Han
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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Urhan OF, Erol U, Altay K. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara vitulorum in feces and milk samples from naturally infected water buffaloes. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104952. [PMID: 37473601 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Toxocara vitulorum infects cattle and water buffalo, leading to mild to severe infection in calves and has wide geographic distributions, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. This work aimed to assess the prevalence, distributions, and phylogeny of T.vitulorum in water buffaloes in different parts of Sivas, one of the essential buffalo-breeding areas in Türkiye. T.vitulorum was found in 42 (8.23%) and 54 (10.58%) fecal (n:510) samples using microscopic and molecular techniques, respectively. T.vitulorum was higher in animals aged 0-6 months compared to other groups. Furthermore, when animals aged 0-6 months were grouped within themselves, the prevalence of T.vitulorum in 1-3 month-old-animals was higher than in both younger than one month and older than three months. T.vitulorum was detected in fecal samples obtained from animals older than six months. In colostrum/milk samples (n:100), T.vitulorum-larvae were found in 4% and 10% with microscopic and molecular techniques, respectively. The larvae were detected in colostrum/milk samples in the mother between the 2nd and 28th days postpartum-period. The ITS-1-gene of 11 PCR-positive samples was sequenced. The 98.99-100% nucleotide identity was determined between our T.vitulorum isolates and those present in GenBank. In conclusion, this is the first molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of T.vitulorum in fecal and colostrum/milk samples from naturally infected water buffaloes. Data obtained in this study will help to understand the life cycle and epidemiology of the nematode. Data also revealed that veterinarians should consider older animals as well as young animals in their control program of nematode infections in farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Furkan Urhan
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directory Meat and Milk Board, Sivas Meat Processing Plant, Sivas 58380, Türkiye
| | - Ufuk Erol
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
| | - Kursat Altay
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas 58140, Türkiye.
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Altay K, Erol U, Sahin OF, Aydin MF, Aytmirzakizi A, Dumanli N. First Molecular Evidence of Babesia vogeli, Babesia vulpes, and Theileria ovis in Dogs from Kyrgyzstan. Pathogens 2023; 12:1046. [PMID: 37624006 PMCID: PMC10460036 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne parasitic diseases cause mild to severe infections among vertebrate hosts, including dogs. Species in the genus Babesia are important tick-borne pathogens and have worldwide distributions. Although there are data on the prevalence and distribution of Babesia species among dogs around the world, there is no information available in Kyrgyzstan, according to a literature review. In this study, 337 dogs were screened by nested PCR for the presence of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S SSU rRNA) gene of piroplasm species. Overall prevalence was 6.23% (21/337) for Babesia/Theileria spp. DNA sequencing of positively tested samples revealed that eighteen samples were infected with Babesia vogeli (B. vogeli) (5.34%), two samples with B. vulpes (0.59%), and one sample with Theileria ovis (T. ovis) (0.29%). The phylogenetic analyses and nucleotide sequences in contrast with those present in GenBank revealed that two nucleotide substitutions (594th and 627th) were found between B. vogeli isolates, including ours, indicating that the mutation is relatively rare. The sequences of other pathogens obtained in this study confirmed 100% nucleotide identity with B. vulpes and T. ovis sequences in GenBank. To the best of our knowledge, B. vogeli, B. vulpes, and T. ovis were detected for the first time in dogs from Kyrgyzstan, and it is thought that results will contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology of canine tick-borne pathogens in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursat Altay
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Türkiye; (U.E.); (O.F.S.)
| | - Ufuk Erol
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Türkiye; (U.E.); (O.F.S.)
| | - Omer Faruk Sahin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Türkiye; (U.E.); (O.F.S.)
| | - Mehmet Fatih Aydin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Türkiye;
| | - Ayperi Aytmirzakizi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek 720044, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Nazir Dumanli
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Türkiye;
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Sahin OF, Erol U, Duzlu O, Altay K. Molecular survey of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and related variants in water buffaloes: The first detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-like 1. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 98:102004. [PMID: 37356166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects various hosts and lead to mild to severe infection. Currently, two A.phagocytophilum-related variants have been documented in different countries. Although limited, there are studies revealing the presence of A.phagocytophilum in water buffaloes, but no study investigating A.phagocytophilum-like 1 and -like 2. A.phagocytophilum and related variants were investigated using PCR, PCR-RFLP, and DNA sequence analysis in water buffaloes in Türkiye. 364 buffalo blood samples were examined for A.phagocytophilum and related strains. Seven buffaloes were determined to be positive with PCR and PCR-RFLP revealed that all samples were A.phagocytophilum-like 1. According to the partial sequence of 16 S rRNA gene, A.phagocytophilum like-1 may split into two different variants. This work supplies the first molecular report of A.phagocytophilum-like 1 in water buffaloes. However, a lack of information is present on the pathogen's clinical manifestations and vector species. There is still a need to investigate vectors and clinical signs of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Faruk Sahin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Erol
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38090 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kursat Altay
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
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Abdelbaset AE, Kwak ML, Nonaka N, Nakao R. Human-biting ticks and zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in North Africa: diversity, distribution, and trans-Mediterranean public health challenges. One Health 2023; 16:100547. [PMID: 37363219 PMCID: PMC10288109 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
North Africa is home to more than 200 million people living across five developing economies (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco) and two Spanish exclaves (Ceuta and Melilla), many of whom are impacted by ticks and tick-borne zoonoses. Populations in Europe are also increasingly vulnerable to North African ticks and tick-borne zoonoses due to a combination of climate change and the movement of ticks across the Mediterranean on migratory birds, human travellers, and trafficked wildlife. The human-biting ticks and tick-borne zoonoses in North Africa are reviewed along with their distribution in the region. We also assess present and future challenges associated with ticks and tick-borne zoonoses in North African and highlight opportunities for collaboration and coordination between governments in Europe and North Africa to address public health challenges posed by North African ticks and tick-borne zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbaset Eweda Abdelbaset
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mackenzie L. Kwak
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nariaki Nonaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Molecular survey of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in livestock ticks from Kassena-Nankana, Ghana; with a first report of Anaplasma capra and Ehrlichia minasensis. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:92. [PMID: 36795247 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens harm livestock production and pose a significant risk to public health. To combat these effects, it is necessary to identify the circulating pathogens to create effective control measures. This study identified Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in ticks collected from livestock in the Kassena-Nankana Districts between February 2020 and December 2020. A total of 1550 ticks were collected from cattle, sheep and goats. The ticks were morphologically identified, pooled and screened for pathogens using primers that amplify a 345 bp fragment of the 16SrRNA gene and Sanger sequencing. The predominant tick species collected was Amblyomma variegatum (62.98%). From the 491 tick pools screened, 34 (6.92%) were positive for Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. The pathogens identified were Ehrlichia canis (4.28%), Ehrlichia minasensis (1.63%), Anaplasma capra (0.81%) and Anaplasma marginale (0.20%). This study reports the first molecular identification of the above-mentioned Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species in ticks from Ghana. With the association of human infections with the zoonotic pathogen A. capra, livestock owners are at risk of infections, calling for the development of effective control measures.
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Jin X, Liao J, Chen Q, Ding J, Chang H, Lyu Y, Yu L, Wen B, Sun Y, Qin T. Diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in five species of ticks collected from Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, China in 2021-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141217. [PMID: 37187539 PMCID: PMC10175684 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The order Rickettsiales in the class Alphaproteobacteria comprises vector-borne pathogens of both medical and veterinary importance. Ticks, as a group, are second only to mosquitoes as vectors of pathogens to humans, playing a critical role in the transmission of rickettsiosis. In the present study, 880 ticks collected from Jinzhai County, Lu'an City, Anhui Province, China in 2021-2022 were identified as belonging to five species from three genera. DNA extracted from individual ticks was examined using nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S rRNA gene (rrs), and the gene fragments amplified were sequenced to detect and identify Rickettsiales bacteria in the ticks. For further identification, the rrs-positive tick samples were further amplified by PCR targeting the gltA and groEL gene and sequenced. As a result, 13 Rickettsiales species belonging to the genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia were detected, including three tentative species of Ehrlichia. Our results reveal the extensive diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in ticks from Jinzhai County, Anhui Province. There, emerging rickettsial species may be pathogenic and cause under-recognized diseases. Detection of several pathogens in ticks that are closely related to human diseases may indicate a potential risk of infection in humans. Therefore, additional studies to assess the potential public health risks of the Rickettsiales pathogens identified in the present study are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiasheng Liao
- Jinzhai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhai, Anhui, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Junfei Ding
- Jinzhai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhai, Anhui, China
| | - Hongwei Chang
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Lyu
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Jinzhai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhai, Anhui, China
| | - Bohai Wen
- Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- Bohai Wen
| | - Yong Sun
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Yong Sun
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Qin
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