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Paz-Rodríguez F, Lozano-Tovar S, Rodríguez-Agudelo Y, Cruz-Narciso B, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, García-Santos A, López-González D, Soto-Moreno FJ, González-Navarro M, González-Alonso K, Castorena-Maldonado A, Carrillo-Mezo R, Marrufo-Meléndez O, Gutiérrez-Romero A, Del Río Quiñones M, Arauz-Góngora A, Ávila-Rios S, Chávez-Oliveros M. Assessment of visuospatial functions in post-Covid 19 patients: Beyond the traditional paradigm. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115095. [PMID: 38857705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Several studies indicate that some cognitive changes occur after COVID-19. Visuospatial alterations have been reported in 24-40 %. These alterations may be useful as early biomarkers of neurodegenerative disease. Thus, we can emphasize the importance of visuospatial processes in cognition through quantitative and qualitative analysis of performance on the Clock Test (CDT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (FCRO). Our objective was to describe the performance of post COVID 19 patients in visuospatial tests, with different degrees of respiratory impairment and to perform a qualitative analysis of the performance to check its relationship with alterations in attention and executive functions. This will allow highlighting the executive component of the performance of the CDT and ROCF and differentiate patients with possible cognitive impairment. 77 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated (3 months post-infection) with a complete neuropsychological battery and MRI. Overall, there is a significant difference between FCRO and CDT, with FCRO having only 9 % change and CDT having 51.9 % change. Regarding the correlations observed between groups (VM Inv, VM non I and non hospitalized) the highest correlations were observed between Boston with FCRO copy (r=0.497; p=0.001) and with FCRO memory (r=0.429; p=0.001). Comparing the performance between groups by severity, significant differences were observed only in the TMT A (13.706 p=0.001) and B (9.583 p=0.008) tests and in the phonological fluency letter A (13.445 p=0.001), we observed that the group of non-hospitalized patients had a better performance. Neuropsychological deficits often have a direct impact on daily life by affecting the ability to learn and adapt. Thus, a useful strategy for the neuropsychological characterization of post-COVID-19 patients is the qualitative analysis of visuospatial abilities in conjunction with executive functions that cannot be analyzed in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Paz-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Lozano-Tovar
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Cruz-Narciso
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases-CIENI of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ismael Cosió Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anwar García-Santos
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases-CIENI of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ismael Cosió Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana López-González
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases-CIENI of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ismael Cosió Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco-Javier Soto-Moreno
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases-CIENI of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ismael Cosió Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio González-Navarro
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases-CIENI of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ismael Cosió Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina González-Alonso
- Department of Imaging, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Castorena-Maldonado
- Service of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ismael Cosió Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roger Carrillo-Mezo
- Department of Imaging, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Marrufo-Meléndez
- Department of Imaging, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alonso Gutiérrez-Romero
- Department of Medical Subdirection of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Del Río Quiñones
- Department of Medical Subdirection of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Arauz-Góngora
- General Direction of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Rios
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases-CIENI of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ismael Cosió Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya Chávez-Oliveros
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Drouka A, Mamalaki E, Karavasilis E, Scarmeas N, Yannakoulia M. Dietary and Nutrient Patterns and Brain MRI Biomarkers in Dementia-Free Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112345. [PMID: 35684145 PMCID: PMC9183163 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a rapidly growing public health problem. As there is no curative treatment for dementia, the proactive management of modifiable risk factors and the identification of early biomarkers indicative of the cognitive decline are of great importance. Although nutrition is one of the most extensively studied lifestyle factor in relation to cognitive health, its association with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers is not well established. In the present work, we review available studies relating dietary or nutrient patterns with brain MRI biomarkers in dementia-free adults. Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with the preservation of structural connectivity and less brain atrophy in adults without dementia. In addition, specific nutrient patterns, characterized by a high intake of antioxidant vitamins, polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids, have been related to larger brain volume. Although the results are encouraging regarding the role of dietary and nutrient patterns on imaging biomarkers, more well-designed observational longitudinal studies and clinical trials are needed in order to confirm potentially causal relationships and better understand underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontoula Drouka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (E.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Eirini Mamalaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (E.M.); (M.Y.)
| | | | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition University Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s, Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (E.M.); (M.Y.)
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