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Nurdini N, Ilmi MM, Maryanti E, Setiawan P, Kadja GTM, Ismunandar. Thermally-induced color transformation of hematite: insight into the prehistoric natural pigment preparation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10377. [PMID: 36061008 PMCID: PMC9433683 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the prehistoric era, hematite has been known as a reddish color pigment on rock art, body paint, and decorating substances for objects discovered almost worldwide. Recently, studies about purple hematite used in prehistoric pigment have been done vigorously to investigate the origin of the purple pigment itself. These previous studies indicate that the differentiation of crystallinity, crystal size, morphology, and electronic structure can cause the color shift, resulting in purple hematite. In this study, we conducted a detailed study of the sintering temperature effects on the formation of hematite minerals. This study aims to reveal the structural, crystallography, and electronic transformation in hematite due to heating treatment at various temperatures. The hematite was synthesized using precipitation to imitate the primary method of hematite formation in nature. The sintering process was carried out with temperature variations from 600 °C to 1100 °C and then characterized by crystallographic and structural properties (XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, FTIR), particle size (TEM), as well as electronic properties (DRS, XANES). The crystallinity and particle size of hematite tend to increase along with higher sintering temperatures. Moreover, we noted that the octahedral distortion underwent an intensification with the increase in sintering temperature, which affected the electronic structure of hematite. Specifically, the 1s → 3d transition exhibited lower energy for hematite produced at a higher temperature. This induced a shift in the absorbed energy of the polychromatic light that led to a color shift within hematite, from red to purple. Our finding emphasizes the importance of electronic structure in explaining hematite pigment’s color change rather than relying on simple reasons, such as particle size and crystallinity. In addition, this might strengthen the hypothesis that the prehistoric human created a purple hematite pigment through heating.
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Assessment of Easily Accessible Spectroscopic Techniques Coupled with Multivariate Analysis for the Qualitative Characterization and Differentiation of Earth Pigments of Various Provenance. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural minerals and earths with coloring properties have been widely used as artistic pigments since prehistoric times. Despite being extensively studied, the complex chemistry of earth pigments is still unsatisfactory described with respect to their mineralogical and structural variability and origin. In this study, a large group of earth pigments from various geographical locations was investigated using easily accessible spectroscopic techniques and multivariate analysis with the aim to identify distinctive mineralogical and chemical characteristics of natural pigment sources. Portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fiberoptic Raman spectroscopy were used for the elemental, molecular and structural characterization of the investigated pigments. Diagnostic spectral features and chemical patterns (fingerprints) were identified and discussed with respect to their geological sources. Due to the occurrence of similar accompanying minerals, it was observed that the differentiation of red and yellow ochers is more challenging compared to green, brown and black pigments. However, for some of the investigated pigments, the presence of certain accessory minerals and/or of certain chemical patterns can have diagnostic value. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the FTIR and XRF data matrices showed promising results in terms of geological attribution, highlighting a promising tool for provenance research. The results of the study demonstrate the potential benefits of this rapid and nondestructive approach for the characterization and differentiation of earth pigments with similar hues coming from different geological sources.
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Bracci S, Cantisani E, Conti C, Magrini D, Vettori S, Tomassini P, Marano M. Enriching the knowledge of Ostia Antica painted fragments: a multi-methodological approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120260. [PMID: 34507033 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study of selected painted fragments from different contexts of Ostia Antica city, dating between 2nd century BCE and the end of the 1st century CE. The aim is to identify the raw materials used and to understand the execution techniques through a non-invasive protocol including techniques based either on multiband imaging (Visible-VIS, Ultraviolet induced Luminescence - UVL and Visible Induced Luminescence - VIL) and single spot analyses (Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy- FORS and portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry - XRF). The most representative and interesting fragments were sampled for further studies with laboratory techniques such as optical microscopy (OM) and electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared and micro-Raman Spectroscopies (FT-IR and μRaman). The extensive use of non-invasive techniques, even working on fragments, is proved to be the most robust and effective approach enabling the analysis of a high number of areas, dramatically increasing the statistical meaning of the collected data. The elaboration of such a huge number of data allows highlighting differences and similarities, thus achieving a more realistic overview of the materials composition and addressing the sampling to the more significant and complex areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Bracci
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Emma Cantisani
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Conti
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Cozzi, 53, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Donata Magrini
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Vettori
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Tomassini
- École française de Rome, Centro Studi Pittura Romana Ostiense, Italy
| | - Martina Marano
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Université catholique de Louvain, Centro Studi Pittura Romana Ostiense, Italy
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Odgerel U, Islam MZ, Kitamura Y, Kokawa M, Odbayar T. Effect of micro wet milling process on particle sizes, antioxidants, organic acids, and specific phenolic compounds of whole sea buckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides
L.) juices. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulziibat Odgerel
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Md. Zohurul Islam
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yutaka Kitamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Mito Kokawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tseye‐Oidov Odbayar
- School of Industrial Technology, Department of Food Engineering Main Campus of MUST Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
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MacDonald BL, Chatters JC, Reinhardt EG, Devos F, Meacham S, Rissolo D, Rock B, Le Maillot C, Stalla D, Marino MD, Lo E, Erreguerena PL. Paleoindian ochre mines in the submerged caves of the Yucatán Peninsula, Quintana Roo, Mexico. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/27/eaba1219. [PMID: 32937451 PMCID: PMC7458451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations in the now-submerged cave systems on the Yucatán Peninsula continue to yield evidence for human presence during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Skeletal remains are scattered throughout the caves of Quintana Roo, most representing individuals who died in situ. The reasons why they explored these underground environments have remained unclear. Here, we announce the discovery of the first subterranean ochre mine of Paleoindian age found in the Americas, offering compelling evidence for mining in three cave systems on the eastern Yucatán over a ~2000-year period between ~12 and 10 ka. The cave passages exhibit preserved evidence for ochre extraction pits, speleothem digging tools, shattered and piled flowstone debris, cairn navigational markers, and hearths yielding charcoal from highly resinous wood species. The sophistication and extent of the activities demonstrate a readiness to venture into the dark zones of the caves to prospect and collect what was evidently a highly valued mineral resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L MacDonald
- Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - James C Chatters
- Applied Paleoscience, Bothell, WA 98011, USA.
- DirectAMS, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
| | - Eduard G Reinhardt
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Fred Devos
- Centro Investigador del Sistema Acuífero de Q Roo (CINDAQ A.C.), Puerto Aventuras, Q Roo, Mexico
| | - Sam Meacham
- Centro Investigador del Sistema Acuífero de Q Roo (CINDAQ A.C.), Puerto Aventuras, Q Roo, Mexico
| | - Dominique Rissolo
- Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0436, USA
| | - Barry Rock
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Chris Le Maillot
- Centro Investigador del Sistema Acuífero de Q Roo (CINDAQ A.C.), Puerto Aventuras, Q Roo, Mexico
| | - David Stalla
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Marc D Marino
- Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Eric Lo
- Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0436, USA
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Mineral Pigments in Archaeology: Their Analysis and the Range of Available Materials. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8050201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hunt A, Thomas P, James D, David B, Geneste JM, Delannoy JJ, Stuart B. The characterisation of pigments used in X-ray rock art at Dalakngalarr 1, central-western Arnhem Land. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Navas N, Romero-Pastor J, Manzano E, Cardell C. Benefits of applying combined diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy and principal component analysis for the study of blue tempera historical painting. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 630:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silva CE, Silva LP, Edwards HGM, de Oliveira LFC. Diffuse reflection FTIR spectral database of dyes and pigments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:2183-91. [PMID: 17089102 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
24 Pigments commonly used in art have been characterized by diffuse reflection infrared spectroscopy (DR). All of the compounds have also been characterized by means of infrared absorption spectroscopy to demonstrate the reliability of the DR technique. This is the first record of the use of this technique as an analytical tool in conservation science, and the results appear to be promising for the identification of unknown pigments used on historical and artwork artifacts. Although the DR technique used here is not nondestructive, it can still be usefully applied to the analysis of artwork since it requires only a very small quantity of sample for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Silva
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
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