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Rattanapanya N, Pornpakakul S. Reusable TsOH-H 2SO 4 Mixed Catalysis for Tandem Synthesis of Biodiesel and Oxygenated Fuel Additives, tert-Butyl Glycerol Ethers. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1165-1173. [PMID: 34248095 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixture of p-toluenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid (TsOH-H2SO4) was used as a catalyst with a good performance in transesterification of palm oil (PO) with methanol and etherification of crude glycerol with isobutylene (tandem synthesis). For TsOH-H2SO4 catalyzed biodiesel production, the reaction noticeably ran faster in comparison with TsOH or H2SO4 alone and also gave up to 99.9% of the conversion using MeOH/PO molar ratio 9:1 at 80℃, in the period of 4 h. After the whole transesterification process, the crude glycerol phase was separated and then reacted with isobutylene in the etherification process using isobutylene/glycerol molar ratio 9:1 at 80℃, in the period of 5 h reaction time, to give DTBG and TTBG (91.14%). In the case of the etherification in biodiesel, higher selectivity of DTBG and TTBG (99.39%) was obtained in comparison with an absence of biodiesel as the solvent. Furthermore, the catalyst could be reused for 6 cycles of tandem synthesis (transesterification and etherification). The TsOH-H2SO4 catalyst showed a good catalytic performance in tandem synthesis similar to TsOH and it could be recovered for reuse while TsOH could not be recovered. This process offers an attractive route for reuse homogeneous catalyst of tandem synthesis, the main by-product of biodiesel, to tert-butyl glycerol ethers - a value-added in applications as a valuable fuel additive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surachai Pornpakakul
- Research Centre for Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University
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2
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Pourfarzad A, Yousefi A, Ako K. Steady/dynamic rheological characterization and FTIR study on wheat starch-sage seed gum blends. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Biofuel additive production from glycerol and determination of its effect on some fuel properties. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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4
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Interactions between polyols and wheat biopolymers in a bread model system fortified with inulin: A Fourier transform infrared study. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01017. [PMID: 30560212 PMCID: PMC6289941 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the ways to improve food safety and reduce community health risks is fortification of these products with inulin. Inulin, in spite of the effects and nutritional benefits, will also have undesirable effects on the quality and shelf life of bread. In this study, the interactions between polyols as improvers (i.e. glycerol, sorbitol and propylene glycol) and major biopolymers of wheat flour (i.e. starch and gluten) were examined in model systems fortified with Serish inulin by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The changes in starch structure were estimated focusing on the ratios of the heights of the bands at 1047 and 1022 cm-1 which expresses the quantity of ordered starch to amorphous starch. At first and 5th days of storage, this ratio of control sample was higher than polyol treated samples. It was proved from Gaussian-Lorenzian curve fitting that the relative contribution of characteristic peaks of β-turns and intramolecular β-sheets was consecutively increased when polyol proportion of models increased. Whereas, content of intermolecular β-sheets and α-helix was slightly decreased with increasing of polyols in the models. Briefly, polyols especially 5% propylene glycol, could be used to reduce the undesirable effects of inulin on the quality parameters of dough and bread.
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5
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Fang D, Deng Z, Jung J, Hu Q, Zhao Y. Mushroom polysaccharides-incorporated cellulose nanofiber films with improved mechanical, moisture barrier, and antioxidant properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Zilong Deng
- Department of Food Science & Technology; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon 97331-6602
| | - Jooyeoun Jung
- Department of Food Science & Technology; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon 97331-6602
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Food Science & Technology; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon 97331-6602
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6
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Sulfonic Acid Functionalization of Different Zeolites and Their Use as Catalysts in the Microwave-Assisted Etherification of Glycerol with tert-Butyl Alcohol. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122206. [PMID: 29231861 PMCID: PMC6149981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol in the liquid phase, over different sulfonic acid functionalized zeolites, has been studied. The reaction was carried out using microwaves as a way of heating, measured at autogenous pressure and without any solvent. Dealuminated HY and HZSM-5 zeolites by acid treatment were functionalized with two different organosilica precursors: 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (M), which incorporates thiol groups, and 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane (C), which incorporates the sulfonic acid groups directly. The thiol groups were oxidized into sulfonic groups employing hydrogen peroxide. The textural and structural properties of the solids were studied by XRD and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, whereas the incorporation of the organosilica in the zeolites was studied by TGA and XPS. The novelty functionalization of M gave rise to solids with the highest acidity, and exhibited the highest yields with more substituted ethers (Yh-GTBE = 13%), at 75 °C and 15 min of reaction time. In addition to the acidity, the textural properties of the zeolites played an important role in their activity; HY, with the largest size of the channels, were more active than the HZSM-5.
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7
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Mendes FR, Bastos MS, Mendes LG, Silva AR, Sousa FD, Monteiro-Moreira AC, Cheng HN, Biswas A, Moreira RA. Preparation and evaluation of hemicellulose films and their blends. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Etherification of Glycerol with Propylene or 1-Butene for Fuel Additives. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:4089036. [PMID: 28845442 PMCID: PMC5560022 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4089036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etherification of glycerol with propylene over acidic heterogeneous catalysts, Amberlyst-15, S100, and S200 resins, produced mono-propyl glycerol ethers (MPGEs), 1,3-di- and 1,2-di-propyl glycerol ethers (DPGEs), and tri-propyl glycerol ether (TPGE). The propylation of glycerol over Amberlyst-15 yielded only TPGE. The glycerol etherification with 1-butene over Amberlyst-15 and S200 resins produced 1-mono-, 2-mono-, 1,2-di-, and 1,3-di-butyl glycerol ethers (1-MBGE, 2-MBGE, 1,2-DBGE, and 1,3-DBGE). The use of Amberlyst-15 resulted in the propylation and butylation of glycerol with higher yields than those obtained from the S100 and S200 resins. The PGEs, TPGE, and BGEs were evaluated as cold flow improvers and octane boosters. These alkyl glycerol ethers can reduce the cloud point of blended palm biodiesels with diesel. They can increase the research octane number and the motor octane number of gasoline.
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9
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Zhang H, Jung J, Zhao Y. Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals films incorporated with essential oil loaded β-chitosan beads. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Nanostructured MFI-type zeolites as catalysts in glycerol etherification with tert -butyl alcohol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Behr A, Kleyensteiber A, Domke L. Herstellung von Glycerin- tert-butylethern - Entwicklung vom Labor bis zur Miniplant. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Cesium exchanged tungstophosphoric acid supported on tin oxide: An efficient solid acid catalyst for etherification of glycerol with tert-butanol to synthesize biofuel additives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Improving the physical and moisture barrier properties of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum biodegradable film with stearic and palmitic acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Antoniou J, Liu F, Majeed H, Zhong F. Characterization of tara gum edible films incorporated with bulk chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles: A comparative study. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Madera-Santana T, Freile-Pelegrín Y, Azamar-Barrios J. Physicochemical and morphological properties of plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol)–agar biodegradable films. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Martín M, Grossmann IE. Simultaneous Optimization and Heat Integration for the Coproduction of Diesel Substitutes: Biodiesel (FAME and FAEE) and Glycerol Ethers from Algae Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402443t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Martín
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Salamanca, Pza. Caídos
1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio E. Grossmann
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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17
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Tuning the acidic and textural properties of ordered mesoporous silicas for their application as catalysts in the etherification of glycerol with isobutene. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Antoniou J, Liu F, Majeed H, Qazi HJ, Zhong F. Physicochemical and thermomechanical characterization of tara gum edible films: effect of polyols as plasticizers. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:359-65. [PMID: 25037362 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate tara gum as edible film material as well as the influence of polyols as plasticizers on the properties of the films. Thermomechanical, physicochemical and barrier properties were determined as a function of plasticizer type and concentration. Glycerol, sorbitol and PEG 400 were used in the range of 0.075-0.3g/tarag. Glycerol was the best plasticizer in terms of mechanical properties with the highest elongation (16-44%) and resistance (45-90 MPa). Sorbitol presented the best barrier properties with the lowest hydrophilicity and water vapour permeability (0.24-0.34 g mm m(-2)h(-1) kPa(-1)). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed no significant effect on the structure of the polysaccharide. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that incorporation of plasticizers increased the mobility of the polymer chains and reduced the glass transition and melting temperature by 30 and 100 °C respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Antoniou
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hamid Majeed
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Haroon Jamshaid Qazi
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Fang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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19
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Bedogni GA, Padró CL, Okulik NB. A combined experimental and computational study of the esterification reaction of glycerol with acetic acid. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2167. [PMID: 24633772 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This work describes theoretical and experimental studies on glycerol esterification to obtain acetins focusing on the obtained isomers. The reaction of glycerol with acetic acid was carried out on Amberlyst 36 wet. Density functional theory calculations on the level of M06-2X functional and 6-311+G(d,p) basis set are carried out and the most stable structures of the reactants and products are located by considering a large number of conformers. The thermodynamics is discussed in terms of the calculated reaction Gibbs free energy. The AIM theory was used to characterize reactants and products. The glycerol esterification with acetic acid is found to be thermodynamically favored, with exothermal property. These agree well with experiments and allow us to explain the relative selectivity of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alejandro Bedogni
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral, Cdte. Fernández 755, Pcia, 3700, Roque Sáenz Peña, Chaco, Argentina
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20
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Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum: A new source of carbohydrate to make a biodegradable film. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:349-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Bolun Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Chunhai Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710049, People’s
Republic of China
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22
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Gonçalves M, Souza VC, Galhardo TS, Mantovani M, Figueiredo FCA, Mandelli D, Carvalho WA. Glycerol Conversion Catalyzed by Carbons Prepared from Agroindustrial Wastes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maraisa Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André − SP, CEP 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Victor C. Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André − SP, CEP 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Thalita S. Galhardo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André − SP, CEP 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Michelle Mantovani
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André − SP, CEP 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Flávia C. A. Figueiredo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André − SP, CEP 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Dalmo Mandelli
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André − SP, CEP 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Wagner A. Carvalho
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André − SP, CEP 09210-170, Brazil
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23
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Pico MP, Romero A, Rodríguez S, Santos A. Etherification of Glycerol by tert-Butyl Alcohol: Kinetic Model. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300481d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Pilar Pico
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Romero
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Santos
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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24
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González MD, Cesteros Y, Llorca J, Salagre P. Boosted selectivity toward high glycerol tertiary butyl ethers by microwave-assisted sulfonic acid-functionalization of SBA-15 and beta zeolite. J Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Martins JT, Cerqueira MA, Vicente AA. Influence of α-tocopherol on physicochemical properties of chitosan-based films. Food Hydrocoll 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Cerqueira MA, Souza BW, Teixeira JA, Vicente AA. Effect of glycerol and corn oil on physicochemical properties of polysaccharide films – A comparative study. Food Hydrocoll 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Paniri G, Ghaziaskar HS, Rezayat M. Ternary solubility of mono- and di-tert-butyl ethers of glycerol in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Janaun J, Ellis N. Glycerol Etherification by tert-Butanol Catalyzed by Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.2633.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Zheng Y, Chen X, Shen Y. Commodity Chemicals Derived from Glycerol, an Important Biorefinery Feedstock. Chem Rev 2008; 108:5253-77. [DOI: 10.1021/cr068216s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yinchu Shen
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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