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Giordano AN, Rao R. Beyond the Visible: A Review of Ultraviolet Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate Compositions, Morphologies, and Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2177. [PMID: 37570495 PMCID: PMC10421355 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The first observation of ultraviolet surface-enhanced Raman scattering (UV-SERS) was 20 years ago, yet the field has seen a slower development pace than its visible and near-infrared counterparts. UV excitation for SERS offers many potential advantages. These advantages include increased scattering intensity, higher spatial resolution, resonance Raman enhancement from organic, biological, and semiconductor analytes, probing UV photoluminescence, and mitigating visible photoluminescence from analytes or substrates. One of the main challenges is the lack of readily accessible, effective, and reproducible UV-SERS substrates, with few commercial sources available. In this review, we evaluate the reported UV-SERS substrates in terms of their elemental composition, substrate morphology, and performance. We assess the best-performing substrates with regard to their enhancement factors and limits of detection in both the ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet regions. Even though aluminum nanostructures were the most reported and best-performing substrates, we also highlighted some unique UV-SERS composition and morphology substrate combinations. We address the challenges and potential opportunities in the field of UV-SERS, especially in relation to the development of commercially available, cost-effective substrates. Lastly, we discuss potential application areas for UV-SERS, including cost-effective detection of environmentally and militarily relevant analytes, in situ and operando experimentation, defect engineering, development of materials for extreme environments, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Giordano
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
- National Research Council, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
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Kämmer E, Dörfer T, Csáki A, Schumacher W, Da Costa Filho PA, Tarcea N, Fritzsche W, Rösch P, Schmitt M, Popp J. Evaluation of Colloids and Activation Agents for Determination of Melamine Using UV-SERS. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2012; 116:6083-6091. [PMID: 22428076 PMCID: PMC3304507 DOI: 10.1021/jp211863y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UV-SERS measurements offer a great potential for environmental or food (detection of food contaminats) analytics. Here, the UV-SERS enhancement potential of various kinds of metal colloids, such as Pd, Pt, Au, Ag, Au-Ag core-shell, and Ag-Au core-shell with different shapes and sizes, were studied using melamine as a test molecule. The influence of different activation (KF, KCl, KBr, K(2)SO(4)) agents onto the SERS activity of the nanomaterials was investigated, showing that the combination of a particular nanoparticle with a special activation agent is extremely crucial for the observed SERS enhancement. In particular, the size dependence of spherical nanoparticles of one particular metal on the activator has been exploited. By doing so, it could be shown that the SERS enhancement increases or decreases for increasing or decreasing size of a nanoparticle, respectively. Overall, the presented results demonstrate the necessity to adjust the nanoparticle size and the activation agent for different experiments in order to achieve the best possible UV-SERS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kämmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Csáki
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wilm Schumacher
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Nicolae Tarcea
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Shang Z, Gao Y, Jia T, Mo Y. Vibrational modes study of thymine on the surface of copper electrode using SERS-measurement and the DFT method. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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