1
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Degradation by hydrolysis of three triphenylmethane dyes: DFT and TD-DFT study. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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2
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Mahadik S, Pathan HM, Salunke-Gawali S, Butcher RJ. Titania Nanorods Embedded with 2-Bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35595-35609. [PMID: 36249400 PMCID: PMC9557916 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study, TiO2 nanorod electrodes were prepared by the hydrothermal approach followed by calcination at various temperatures from 300 to 600 °C. The effects of calcination temperature on the morphological and structural properties were investigated. The novel analogue of aminonaphthoquinone(2R-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone) photosensitizer, viz. BrA1, 2-bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione was synthesized from 2,3-dibromonaphthalene-1,4-dione. X-ray crystallographic data collection and refinement confirm that BrA1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1̅. After loading BrA1, the photosensitizer on the annealed TiO2 nanorod (TiO2NR) electrodes, the optical properties of the photoanodes showed broadbands in each of the UV and visible regions, which are attributed to the π →π* and n → π* charge-transfer transitions, respectively. The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) system was formed by loading the BrA1 photosensitizer on TiO2NR. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses confirm that calcination temperature improves the charge transportation by lowering the resistance path during the photovoltaic process in TiO2NR (400 °C) photoanode-based DSSCs due to the sufficient photosensitizer adsorption and fast electron injection. Due to the effective light harvesting by the BrA1 photosensitizer and charge transport through the TiO2 nanorod, the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of the TiO2NR (400 °C/BrA1-based) DSSCs were improved for 2-bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad
A. Mahadik
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
- Advanced
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Habib M. Pathan
- Advanced
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Ray J. Butcher
- Department
of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20059, United
States
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3
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Gemili M, Nural Y, Keleş E, Aydıner B, Seferoğlu N, Ülger M, Şahin E, Erat S, Seferoğlu Z. Novel highly functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinone 2-iminothiazole hybrids: Synthesis, photophysical properties, crystal structure, DFT studies, and anti(myco)bacterial/antifungal activity. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Kacmaz A, Hamurcu Z. New NH-substituted 1,4-naphtho- and 1,4-benzo- quinones: Synthesis, characterization and potential antiproliferative effect against MDA-MB-231 cells. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1514503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysecik Kacmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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6
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Kacmaz A, Acar ET, Atun G, Kaya K, Sigirci BD, Bagcigil F. Synthesis, Electrochemistry, DFT Calculations, Antimicrobial Properties and X‐ray Crystal Structures of Some NH‐ and/or S‐ Substituted‐1,4‐quinones. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysecik Kacmaz
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Organic ChemistryIstanbul University-Cerrappasa, Avcılar Istanbul 34320 Turkey
| | - Elif Turker Acar
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Physical ChemistryIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcılar Istanbul 34320 Turkey
| | - Gulten Atun
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Physical ChemistryIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcılar Istanbul 34320 Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and Lett.Istanbul Technical University Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Belgi Diren Sigirci
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcılar Istanbul 34320 Turkey
| | - Funda Bagcigil
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcılar Istanbul 34320 Turkey
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7
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Chandrakalavathi T, Sudha V, Sindhuja M, Harinipriya S, Jeyalakshmi R. Photosonoelectrochemical analysis of Lawsonia inermis (henna) and artificial dye used in tattoo and dye industry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Reinscheid F, Reinscheid U. Stereochemical analysis of (+)-limonene using theoretical and experimental NMR and chiroptical data. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Probing the ESIPT process in 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone: thermodynamics properties, solvent effect and chemometric analysis. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Laurent AD, Adamo C, Jacquemin D. Dye chemistry with time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:14334-56. [PMID: 24548975 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we present an overview of the determination of excited-state properties of "real-life" dyes, and notably of their optical absorption and emission spectra, performed during the last decade with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We discuss the results obtained with both vertical and adiabatic (vibronic) approximations, choosing relevant examples for several series of dyes. These examples include reproducing absorption wavelengths of numerous families of coloured molecules, understanding the specific band shape of amino-anthraquinones, optimising the properties of dyes used in solar cells, mimicking the fluorescence wavelengths of fluorescent brighteners and BODIPY dyes, studying optically active biomolecules and photo-induced proton transfer, as well as improving the properties of photochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle D Laurent
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS no. 6230, BP 92208, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
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11
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Chadar D, Camilles M, Patil R, Khan A, Weyhermüller T, Salunke-Gawali S. Synthesis and characterization of n-alkylamino derivatives of vitamin K3: Molecular structure of 2-propylamino-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and antibacterial activities. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Khadtare SS, Ware AP, Salunke-Gawali S, Jadkar SR, Pingale SS, Pathan HM. Dye sensitized solar cell with lawsone dye using a ZnO photoanode: experimental and TD-DFT study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dye sensitized solar cell with lawsone dye and a ZnO photoanode exhibited a 0.68% power conversion efficiency. TD-DFT was used to explore the UV-Vis spectral features of lawsone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuja P. Ware
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | | | - Sandesh R. Jadkar
- Department of Physics
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | | | - Habib M. Pathan
- Department of Physics
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
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13
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Singh VK, Verma SK, Kadu R, Mobin SM. Identification of unusual C–Cl⋯π contacts in 2-(alkylamino)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones: effect of N-substituents on crystal packing, fluorescence, redox and anti-microbial properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
XRD study demonstrates the opening of unusual C–Cl⋯π synthon in 2-(alkylamino)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. Notably, compound holding N-pyridylmethyl exhibits enhanced activity against S. aureus and proved to be more potent than ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 002
- India
| | - Sanjay K. Verma
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 002
- India
| | - Rahul Kadu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 002
- India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- National Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Facility
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
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14
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Verma SK, Singh VK. Synthesis, electrochemical, fluorescence and antimicrobial studies of 2-chloro-3-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone bearing mononuclear transition metal dithiocarbamate complexes [M{κ2S,S-S2C–piperazine–C2H4N(H)ClNQ}n]. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of transition metal dithiocarbamate complexes displayed medium to very strong fluorescence bands, redox and interesting antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. Verma
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 002
- India
| | - Vinay K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 002
- India
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15
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Elhabiri M, Sidorov P, Cesar‐Rodo E, Marcou G, Lanfranchi DA, Davioud‐Charvet E, Horvath D, Varnek A. Electrochemical Properties of Substituted 2‐Methyl‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones: Redox Behavior Predictions. Chemistry 2014; 21:3415-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Elhabiri
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Medicinale, UMR7509 CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, F‐67087 Strasbourg (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐68‐85‐27‐42
| | - Pavel Sidorov
- Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, UMR 7140 CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000 (France)
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan (Russia)
| | - Elena Cesar‐Rodo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Medicinale, UMR7509 CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, F‐67087 Strasbourg (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐68‐85‐27‐42
| | - Gilles Marcou
- Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, UMR 7140 CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000 (France)
| | - Don Antoine Lanfranchi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Medicinale, UMR7509 CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, F‐67087 Strasbourg (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐68‐85‐27‐42
| | - Elisabeth Davioud‐Charvet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Medicinale, UMR7509 CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, F‐67087 Strasbourg (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐68‐85‐27‐42
| | - Dragos Horvath
- Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, UMR 7140 CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000 (France)
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, UMR 7140 CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000 (France)
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan (Russia)
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16
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Synthesis and characterization of 2-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-napthoquinone: Molecular structures of ethyl and hexyl derivatives. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Kathawate L, Joshi PV, Dash TK, Pal S, Nikalje M, Weyhermüller T, Puranik VG, Konkimalla VB, Salunke-Gawali S. Reaction between lawsone and aminophenol derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, molecular structures and antiproliferative activity. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Pawar O, Patekar A, Khan A, Kathawate L, Haram S, Markad G, Puranik V, Salunke-Gawali S. Molecular structures and biological evaluation of 2-chloro-3-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-napthoquinone derivatives as potent antifungal agents. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Salunke-Gawali S, Pawar O, Nikalje M, Patil R, Weyhermüller T, Puranik VG, Badireenath Konkimalla V. Synthesis, characterization and molecular structures of homologated analogs of 2-bromo-3-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-napthoquinone. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Salunke-Gawali S, Kathawate L, Puranik VG. MOF with hydroxynaphthoquinone as organic linker: Molecular structure of [Zn(Chlorolawsone)2(H2O)2] and thermogravimetric studies. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Jacquemin D, Peltier C, Ciofini I. Visible spectrum of naphthazarin investigated through Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Prediction of λmax of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives using ant colony optimization. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 663:7-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Improta R, Barone V. PCM/TD-DFT study of the two lowest excited states of uracil derivatives in solution: The effect of the functional and of the cavity model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Jacquemin D, Perpète EA, Scuseria GE, Ciofini I, Adamo C. TD-DFT Performance for the Visible Absorption Spectra of Organic Dyes: Conventional versus Long-Range Hybrids. J Chem Theory Comput 2007; 4:123-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ct700187z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 692] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Groupe de Chimie-Physique Théorique et Structurale, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire Electrochimie et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS-ENSCP no. 7575, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75321 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Eric A. Perpète
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Groupe de Chimie-Physique Théorique et Structurale, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire Electrochimie et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS-ENSCP no. 7575, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75321 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gustavo E. Scuseria
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Groupe de Chimie-Physique Théorique et Structurale, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire Electrochimie et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS-ENSCP no. 7575, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75321 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Groupe de Chimie-Physique Théorique et Structurale, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire Electrochimie et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS-ENSCP no. 7575, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75321 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Groupe de Chimie-Physique Théorique et Structurale, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire Electrochimie et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS-ENSCP no. 7575, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75321 Paris Cedex 05, France
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