Vibrational spectrum, ab initio calculations, conformational stabilities and assignment of fundamentals of 1,2-dibromopropane

Vibrational (FT-IR and FT-Raman) spectra, NBO, HOMO-LUMO, Molecular electrostatic potential surface and computational analysis of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylbromide

In this work, the vibrational characteristics of 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzylbromide (TFMBB) have been investigated and both the experimental and theoretical vibrational data indicate the presence of functional groups in the title molecule. The density functional theoretical (DFT) computations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311+G (d,p) levels to derive the optimized geometry, vibrational wavenumbers with IR and Raman intensities. Furthermore, the molecular orbital calculations such as natural bond orbitals (NBOs), HOMO-LUMO energy gap and Mapped molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces were also performed with the same level of DFT. The thermal flexibility of molecule in associated with vibrational temperature was also illustrated on the basis of correlation graphs. The detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra has been carried out with the aid of potential energy distribution (PED) results obtained from MOLVIB program. The delocalization of electron density of various constituents of the molecule has been discussed with the aid of NBO analysis.

Quantum chemical calculations, vibrational studies, HOMO-LUMO and NBO/NLMO analysis of 2-bromo-5-nitrothiazole

The complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of 2-bromo-5-nitrothiazole (BNT) was carried out using the experimental FTIR and FT-Raman data and quantum chemical studies. The observed vibrational data were compared with the wavenumbers derived theoretically for the optimized geometry of the compound from the ab initio HF and DFT-B3LYP gradient calculations employing 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Thermodynamic properties like entropy, heat capacity and zero point energy have been calculated for the molecule. HOMO-LUMO energy gap has been calculated. The intramolecular contacts have been interpreted using Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and Natural Localized Molecular Orbital (NLMO) analysis. Important non-linear properties such as electric dipole moment and first hyperpolarizability of BNT have been computed using B3LYP quantum chemical calculation.

The entrapment of chiral guests with gated baskets: can a kinetic discrimination of enantiomers be governed through gating?

The capacity of gated hosts for controlling a kinetic discrimination between stereoisomers is yet to be understood. To conduct corresponding studies, however, one needs to develop chiral, but modular and gated hosts. Accordingly, we used computational (RI-BP86/TZVP//RI-BP86/SV(P)) and experimental (NMR/CD/UV/Vis spectroscopy) methods to examine the transfer of chirality in gated baskets. We found that placing stereocenters of the same kind at the rim (R(1) =CH3, so-called bottom) and/or top amide positions (R(2) =sec-butyl) would direct the helical arrangement of the gates into a P or M propeller-like orientation. With the assistance of (1)H NMR spectroscopy, we quantified the intrinsic (thermodynamic) and constrictive (kinetic) binding affinities of (R)- and (S)-1,2-dibromopropane 5 toward baskets (S3b/P)-2, (S3t/M)-3, and (S3bt/P)-4. Interestingly, each basket has a low ( ≤1.3 kcal mol(-1)), but comparable (de<10%) affinity for entrapping enantiomeric (R/S)-5. In terms of the kinetics, basket (S3b/P)-2, with a set of S stereocenters at the bottom and P arrangement of the gates, would capture (R)-5 at a faster rate (kin(R)/kin(S) =2.0±0.2). Basket (S3t/M)-3, with a set of S centers at the top and M arrangement of the gates, however, trapped (S)-5 at a faster rate (kin(R)/kin(S) =0.30±0.05). In light of these findings, basket (S3bt/P)-4, with a set of S stereocenters installed at both top and bottom sites along with a P disposition of the gates, was found to have a lower ability to differentiate between enantiomeric (R/S)-5 (kin(R)/kin(S) =0.8). Evidently, the two sets of stereocenters in this "hybrid" host acted concurrently, each with the opposite effect on the entrapment kinetics. Gated baskets are hereby established to be a prototype for quantifying the kinetic discrimination of enantiomers through gating and elucidating the electronic/steric effects on the process.

FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV spectral investigation: computed frequency estimation analysis and electronic structure calculations on 1-bromo-2-methylnaphthalene

In this work, the vibrational spectral analysis was carried out by using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy in the range 100-4000 cm(-1) and 400-4000 cm(-1) respectively, for 1-bromo-2-methylnaphthalene (C11H9Br) molecule. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands are interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations based density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio HF methods with different basis sets combinations. The complete vibrational assignments of wavenumbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED). The results of the calculations were applied to simulated vibrational spectra of the title compound, which show excellent agreement with observed spectra. The scaled B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) results show the best agreement with the experimental values over the other methods. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) complements with the experimental findings. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential and nonlinear optical and thermodynamic properties of the title compound were performed. Mulliken charges and NBOs of the title molecule were also calculated and interpreted.

Experimental and theoretical spectroscopic studies, HOMO-LUMO, NBO and NLMO analysis of 3,5-dibromo-2,6-dimethoxy pyridine

The molecular vibrations of 3,5-dibromo-2,6-dimethoxy pyridine (DBDMP) have been investigated in polycrystalline sample, at room temperature, by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectroscopies. The vibrational frequencies of the fundamental modes of the compound have been precisely assigned and theoretical results were compared with the experimental vibrations. Theoretical information on the optimized geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared and Raman activities were obtained by means of ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) gradient calculations, using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Thermodynamic properties like entropy, heat capacity and zero point energy have been calculated for the molecule. HOMO-LUMO energy gap has been calculated. The intramolecular contacts have been interpreted using Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and Natural Localized Molecular Orbital (NLMO) analysis. The Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analysis reveals the sites for electrophilic attack and nucleophilic reactions in the molecule.

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra, thermo dynamical behavior, HOMO and LUMO, UV, NLO properties, computed frequency estimation analysis and electronic structure calculations on α-bromotoluene

In this work, the vibrational spectral analysis was carried out by using Raman and infrared spectroscopy in the range 100-4,000 cm(-1) and 50-4,000 cm(-1), respectively, for the title molecules. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands are interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations based on Hartee Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) method and different basis sets combination. The complete vibrational assignments of wavenumbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED). The scaled B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) results show the best agreement with the experimental values over the other methods. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within molecule. The influences of bromine atom and methyl group on the geometry of benzene and its normal modes of vibrations have also been discussed. The results of the calculations were applied to simulated spectra of the title compounds, which show excellent agreement with observed spectra.

α-Bromo-2,6-dichlorotoluene: molecular structure, vibrational spectroscopy, natural bond orbital analysis and NMR studies

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of α-bromo-2,6-dichlorotoluene (αBDCT) have been recorded. The structural and spectroscopic data of the molecule in the ground state have been calculated using Hartree Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT)/B3LYP with the standard 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. The optimized molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies and atomic charges in the ground state are calculated. With the help of specific scaling procedures, the observed vibrational wavenumbers in FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra have been analyzed and assigned to different normal modes of the molecule. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of αBDCT is also reported based on total energy distribution (TED). The (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts have been calculated by gauge-including atomic orbital method with B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) approach. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The theoretical results agree well with the observed spectra.

Vibrational spectroscopic analysis of 2-chlorotoluene and 2-bromotoluene: a combined experimental and theoretical study

In this work, the vibrational spectral analysis was carried out using Raman and infrared spectroscopy in the range 100-4000 cm(-1) and 50-4000 cm(-1), respectively, for the title molecules. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands are interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations based on Hartee Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) method and different basis sets combination. The complete vibrational assignments of wave numbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED). The scaled B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) results show the best agreement with the experimental values over the other methods. The effects due to the substitutions of methyl group and halogen bond were investigated. The results of the calculations were applied to simulated spectra of the title compounds, which show excellent agreement with observed spectra.