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A Comparative Study between Screen-Printed and Solid-Contact Electrodes for the Stability-Indicating Determination of Bromazepam. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217616. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability-indicating methods are awesome tools to ensure the safety and efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). An accurate comparative study involving the use of potentiometric sensors for the determination of bromazepam (BRZ) in the presence of its main product of degradation and impurity was performed by the fabrication of two membrane electrodes. A screen-printed electrode (SPE) and a solid-contact glassy carbon electrode (SCE) were fabricated and their performance optimized. The fabricated sensors showed a linear electrochemical response in the concentration range 1.0 × 10−6 M to 1.0 × 10−2 M. The electrodes exhibited Nernstian slopes of 59.70 mV/decade and 58.10 mV/decade for the BRZ-SPE and BRZ-SCE membrane electrodes, respectively. The electrochemical performance was greatly affected by the medium pH. They showed an almost ideal electrochemical performance between pH 3.0 and pH 6.0. The fabricated membranes were applied successfully for the quantification of BRZ in the presence of up to 90% of its degradation product. Moreover, a successful application of the fabricated electrodes was performed for the sensitive and selective quantification of BRZ in its tablet form without any pretreatment procedure.
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Alharthi S, Attia MS, Abou-Omar MN. pH assists simultaneous determination of folic acid and vitamin D 3 in biological fluids using a novel Tb 3+-acyclovir optical biosensor. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20865-20873. [PMID: 35479388 PMCID: PMC9034052 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative, simple and cost effective Tb3+-acyclovir photo probe was designed and used as a core for a spectrofluorometric approach to sensitively determine two vital biological compounds in different matrices. The Tb3+-acyclovir complex displays a characteristic electrical band with λ em at 545 nm with significant luminescence intensity, which is quenched in the presence of folic acid and vitamin D3 at pH 5.0 and 9.0, respectively. The conditions were optimized and the best solvent for operation was found to be acetonitrile and λ ex at 340 nm. folic acid was successfully estimated in tablet dosage form, urine and serum in the concentration range of 2.28 × 10-6 to 1.49 × 10-9 mol L-1. Vitamin D3 was also assessed in serum samples using the same optimal conditions within the concentration range of 3.2 × 10-9 to 1.0 × 10-6 mol L -1. The proposed luminescence method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and found to be accurate, precise and specific and free from any interferences. The cost effectiveness and applicability of the method make it a good choice for routine analysis of the two compounds and early diagnosis of chronic diseases associated with abnormalities in their physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Taif University P. O. BOX 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Attia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt +202 1229867311 +202 1060819022
| | - M N Abou-Omar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Darwish HW, Ali NA, Naguib IA, El Ghobashy MR, Al-Hossaini AM, Abdelrahman MM. Development and validation of a stability indicating RP-HPLC-DAD method for the determination of bromazepam. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244951. [PMID: 33690658 PMCID: PMC7946308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable, selective and sensitive stability-indicating RP-HPLC assay was established for the quantitation of bromazepam (BMZ) and one of the degradant and stated potential impurities; 2-(2-amino-5-bromobenzoyl) pyridine (ABP). The assay was accomplished on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size), and utilizing methanol-water (70: 30, v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min-1. HPLC detection of elute was obtained by a photodiode array detector (DAD) which was set at 230 nm. ICH guidelines were adhered for validation of proposed method regarding specificity, sensitivity, precision, linearity, accuracy, system suitability and robustness. Calibration curves of BMZ and ABP were created in the range of 1-16 μg mL-1 with mean recovery percentage of 100.02 ± 1.245 and 99.74 ± 1.124, and detection limit of 0.20 μg mL-1 and 0.24 μg mL-1 respectively. BMZ stability was inspected under various ICH forced degradation conditions and it was found to be easily degraded in acidic and alkaline conditions. The results revealed the suitability of the described methodology for the quantitation of the impurity (ABP) in a BMZ pure sample. The determination of BMZ in pharmaceutical dosage forms was conducted with the described method and showed mean percentage recovery of 99.39 ± 1.401 and 98.72 ± 1.795 (n = 6), respectively. When comparing the described procedure to a reference HPLC method statistically, no significant differences between the two methods in regard to both accuracy and precision were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma A. Ali
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Forensic Medicine Authority, Justice Ministry, El Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R. El Ghobashy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, October 6 city, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Abdelrahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Sanabria E, Cuenca RE, Esteso MÁ, Maldonado M. Benzodiazepines: Their Use either as Essential Medicines or as Toxics Substances. TOXICS 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 33535485 PMCID: PMC7912725 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the nature, characteristics, properties, pharmacological differences between different types of benzodiazepines, the mechanism of action in the central nervous system, and the degradation of benzodiazepines. In the end, the efforts to reduce the benzodiazepines' adverse effects are shown and a reflection is made on the responsible uses of these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilma Sanabria
- Grupo GICRIM, Programa de Investigación Criminal, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Avenida Circunvalar No. 60-00, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Ronald Edgardo Cuenca
- Grupo GICRIM, Programa de Investigación Criminal, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Avenida Circunvalar No. 60-00, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Esteso
- Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila, Calle los Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain;
- U.D. Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Mauricio Maldonado
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Cr. 30 No. 45-03, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
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Photophysical, DFT and molecular docking studies of Sm(III) and Eu(III) complexes of newly synthesized coumarin ligand. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Darwish HW, A Ali N, Naguib IA, El Ghobashy MR, Al-Hossaini AM, Abdelrahman MM. Stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of bromazepam and its degradation product. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 238:118433. [PMID: 32403074 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four simple, sensitive and selective stability indicating spectrophotometric methods are presented for quantitative determination of the benzodiazepine drug; bromazepam (BMZ) and one of its reported potential impurities and degradation product; 2-(2-amino-5-bromobenzoyl) pyridine (ABP) in methanol. Method A, is isoabsorptive point coupled with D0 method, where good linearity was obtained by measuring the absorbance of BMZ at 264 nm (Aiso) in the concentration range of 2-25 μg mL-1, and the absorbance of ABP at its λmax 396 nm in concentration range of 0.5-24 μg mL-1. Method B, is ratio subtraction; the absorbance was measured at 233 nm for BMZ using 20 μg mL-1 of ABP, while ABP was determined directly at its λmax 396 nm using methanol as a solvent. Method C, was based on measuring the total peak amplitude of the first derivative of the ratio spectra (DD1) of BMZ from 301 to 326 nm using 10 μg mL-1 of ABP as a divisor and determination of ABP at peak amplitude of 293 nm using 5 μg mL-1 of BMZ as a divisor. In method D, ratio difference method, good linearity was achieved for determination of BMZ and ABP by measuring the differences between the amplitudes of ratio spectra at 312 nm and 274 nm and differences between the amplitudes of ratio spectra at 274 nm and 312 nm, respectively. The stability of BMZ was investigated under different ICH recommended forced degradation conditions. The suggested methods were then successfully applied for determination of BMZ in its pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nesma A Ali
- Toxicology Laboratory, Forensic Medicine Authority, Justice Ministry,114 Bairam El Tounsy St., El Sayeda Zeinab, 11647 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Naguib
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed R El Ghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, October 6 City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Youssef AO. A highly selective and sensitive Tb 3+-acetylacetone photo probe for the assessment of acetazolamide in pharmaceutical and serum samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 195:47-52. [PMID: 29367026 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel, simple, sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of Acetazolamide in pharmaceutical tablets and serum samples using photo probe Tb3+-ACAC. The Acetazolamide can remarkably quench the luminescence intensity of Tb3+-ACAC complex in DMSO at pH 6.8 and λex = 350 nm. The quenching of luminescence intensity of Tb3+-ACAC complex especially the electrical band at λem = 545 nm is used for the assessment of Acetazolamide in the pharmaceutical tablet and serum samples. The dynamic range found for the determination of Acetazolamide concentration is 4.49 × 10-9-1.28 × 10-7 mol L-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are (4.0 × 10-9 and 1.21 × 10-8) mol L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Youssef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
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Tharwat MM, Attia MS, Alghamdi MS, Mahros AM. Ultra-Sensitive Nano Optical Sensor Samarium-Doxycycline Doped in Sol Gel Matrix for Assessment of Glucose Oxidase Activity in Diabetics Disease. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1885-1895. [PMID: 28698946 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A low cost and very sensitive method for the determination of the activity of glucose oxidase enzyme in different diabetics serum samples was developed. The method based on the assessment of the H2O2 concentration produced from the reaction of the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme with glucose as substrate in the serum of diabetics patients by nano optical sensor Sm-doxycycline doped in sol gel matrix. H2O2 enhances the luminescence intensity of all bands of the nano Sm-doxycycline complex [Sm-(DC)2]+ doped in sol-gel matrix, especially the 645 nm band at λex = 400 nm and pH 7.0 in water. The influence of the different analytical parameters that affect the luminescence intensity of the nano optical sensor, e.g. pH, H2O2 concentration and foreign ions concentrations were studied. The remarkable enhancement of the luminescence intensity of nano optical sensor [Sm-(DC)2]+ complex in water at 645 nm by the addition of various concentrations of H2O2 was successfully used as an optical sensor for the assessment of the activity of the glucose oxidase enzyme in different diabetics serum samples. The calibration plot was achieved over the activity range 0.1-240 U/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and a detection limit of 0.05 U/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Tharwat
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Attia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbssaia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - M S Alghamdi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr M Mahros
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
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Mansour AM, Shehab OR. Structural studies and quantum chemical calculations of Cr(III), Fe(III) and Ru(III) bromazepam complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Gamma Street, Giza Cairo 12613 Egypt
| | - Ola R. Shehab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Gamma Street, Giza Cairo 12613 Egypt
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Europium-sensitized and simultaneous pH-assisted spectrofluorimetric assessment of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical and serum samples. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kamruzzaman M, Alam AM, Lee SH, Kim YH, Kim SH, Kim GM. Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Sparfloxacin Using Europium(III) as a Fluorescence Probe in Micellar Medium. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Youssef AO. Spectrofluorimetric Assessment of Hydrochlorothiazide Using Optical Sensor Nano-Composite Terbium Ion Doped in Sol-Gel Matrix. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:827-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-1017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Spectrofluorimetric Assessment of Chlorzoxazone and Ibuprofen in Pharmaceutical Formulations by using Eu-Tetracycline HCl Optical Sensor Doped in Sol–Gel Matrix. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:779-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-1013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Attia MS, Essawy AA, Youssef AO, Mostafa MS. Determination of Ofloxacin using a Highly Selective Photo Probe Based on the Enhancement of the Luminescence Intensity of Eu3+—Ofloxacin Complex in Pharmaceutical and Serum Samples. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:557-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cilostazol Determination by the Enhancement of the Green Emission of Tb3+ Optical Sensor. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:2229-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Spectrofluorimetric Assessment of Doxycycline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Tablets and Serum Sample Based on the Enhancement of the Luminescence Intensity of the Optical Sensor Sm3+ Ion. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:1739-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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