1
|
Medagedara H, Teferi MY, Wanasinghe ST, Burson W, Kizi S, Zaslona B, Mardis KL, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Rury AS. Decorrelated singlet and triplet exciton delocalization in acetylene-bridged Zn-porphyrin dimers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1736-1751. [PMID: 38303928 PMCID: PMC10829018 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The controlled delocalization of molecular excitons remains an important goal towards the application of organic chromophores in processes ranging from light-initiated chemical transformations to classical and quantum information processing. In this study, we present a methodology to couple optical and magnetic spectroscopic techniques and assess the delocalization of singlet and triplet excitons in model molecular chromophores. By comparing the steady-state and time-resolved optical spectra of Zn-porphyrin monomers and weakly coupled dimers, we show that we can use the identity of substituents bound at specific positions of the macromolecules' rings to control the inter-ring delocalization of singlet excitons stemming from their B states through acetylene bridges. While broadened steady-state absorption spectra suggest the presence of delocalized B state excitons in mesityl-substituted Zn-tetraphenyl porphyrin dimers (Zn2U-D), we confirm this conclusion by measuring an enhanced ultrafast non-radiative relaxation from these inter-ring excitonic states to lower lying electronic states relative to their monomer. In contrast to the delocalized nature of singlet excitons, we use time-resolved EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies to show that the triplet states of the Zn-porphyrin dimers remain localized on one of the two macrocyclic sub-units. We use the analysis of EPR and ENDOR measurements on unmetallated model porphyrin monomers and dimers to support this conclusion. The results of DFT calculations also support the interpretation of localized triplet states. These results demonstrate researchers cannot conclude triplet excitons delocalize in macromolecular based on the presence of spatially extended singlet excitons, which can help in the design of chromophores for application in spin conversion and information processing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasini Medagedara
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Mandefro Y Teferi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | | | - Wade Burson
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Shahad Kizi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Bradly Zaslona
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Kristy L Mardis
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering Sciences, Chicago State University Chicago IL 60628 USA
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Aaron S Rury
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Novikova NI, Lo ASV, Gordon KC, Brothers PJ, Simpson MC. Diboron Porphyrins: The Raman Signature of the In-Plane Tetragonal Elongation of the Macrocycle. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5121-5131. [PMID: 29745659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unusual in-plane type of porphyrin core distortion, tetragonal elongation (TE), observed experimentally in diboron porphyrins. The vibrational spectra of several of these complexes exhibit shifts that we have assigned to this TE distortion by comparing experimental spectra with DFT computational findings. The influence of TE in porphyrin systems was isolated using DFT analysis of the well-known model compounds Ni(II)porphine and Zn(II)porphine, with the macrocycle ring constrained to eliminate the influence of out-of-plane (OOP) distortions. A significant down-shift in frequencies was observed for porphyrin normal vibrational modes, particularly the in-plane A1g/B1g modes that are dominated by contributions from stretching and bending of Cα-Cm coordinates. In contrast, TE had little effect on the v(Pyrhalfring) and δ(Pyrdef) modes, though the lowered symmetry of the system resulted in significant splitting of the B2u and B3u modes. The impact of the TE distortion upon the diboron porphyrin vibrational spectrum was probed experimentally using Raman spectroscopy of B2O2(BCl3)2(TTP), B2OF2(TTP), and B2OPhOH2(TTP) (TTP = 5,10,15,20-(tetra- p-tolyl)porphyrin). Comparing the experimentally obtained spectral signatures to the computational findings allowed us to assign the large shifts observed for the v2 and v3 modes to the TE distortion in diboron porphyrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina I Novikova
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Alvie S V Lo
- The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,University of Otago , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,University of Otago , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - M Cather Simpson
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,The University of Auckland , Department of Physics , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim YS, Fournier S, Lau-Truong S, Decorse P, Devillers CH, Lucas D, Harris KD, Limoges B, Balland V. Introducing Molecular Functionalities within High Surface Area Nanostructured ITO Electrodes through Diazonium Electrografting. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Seul Kim
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Sophie Fournier
- UCMUB UMR 6302; CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche Comté; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Stéphanie Lau-Truong
- Laboratoire ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Laboratoire ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | | | - Dominique Lucas
- UCMUB UMR 6302; CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche Comté; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Kenneth D. Harris
- NRC Nanotechnology Research Center, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada, & Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Benoît Limoges
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Véronique Balland
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iordache AM, Cristescu R, Fagadar-Cosma E, Popescu AC, Ciucu AA, Iordache SM, Balan A, Nichita C, Stamatin I, Chrisey DB. Histamine detection using functionalized porphyrin as electrochemical mediator. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Rautela R, Joshi NK, Novakovic S, Wong WWH, White JM, Ghiggino KP, Paige MF, Steer RP. Determinants of the efficiency of photon upconversion by triplet-triplet annihilation in the solid state: zinc porphyrin derivatives in PVA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23471-23482. [PMID: 28829080 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04746k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, photophysical and computational studies designed to expose and explain the differences in the efficiencies of non-coherent photon upconversion (NCPU) by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) have been carried out for a new series of alkyl-substituted diphenyl and tetraphenyl zinc porphyrins, both in fluid solution and in solid films. Systematic variations in the alkyl-substitution of the phenyl groups in both the di- and tetraphenyl porphyrins introduces small, but well-understood changes in their spectroscopic and photophysical properties and in their TTA efficiencies. In degassed toluene solution TTA occurs for all derivatives and produces the fluorescent S2 product states in all cases. In PVA matrices, however, none of the di-phenylporphyrins exhibit measurable NCPU whereas all the tetraphenyl-substituted compounds remain upconversion-active. In PVA the NCPU efficiencies of the zinc tetraphenylporphyrins vary significantly with their steric characteristics; the most sterically crowded tetraphenyl derivative exhibits the greatest efficiency. DFT-D computations have been undertaken and help reveal the sources of these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Rautela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Neeraj K Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Sacha Novakovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Matthew F Paige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Ronald P Steer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang GJ, Song C, Ren XF. Theoretical study of zinc porphyrin-based dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
Farley C, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, John BK, Drain CM. Tuning the Structure and Photophysics of a Fluorous Phthalocyanine Platform. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7451-64. [PMID: 27552232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are an important class of industrial dyes with potential commercial applications ranging from photovoltaics to biomedical imaging and therapeutics. We previously demonstrated the versatility of the commercially available zinc(II) hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (ZnF16Pc) as a platform for rapidly developing functional materials for these applications and more. Because this core-platform approach to dye development is increasingly common, it is important to understand the photophysical and structural consequences of the substitution chemistry involved. We present a fundamental study of a series of ZnF16Pc derivatives in which the aromatic fluorine atoms are progressively substituted with thioalkanes. Clear spectroscopic trends are observed as the substituents change from electron-withdrawing to electron-releasing groups. Additionally, there is evidence for significant structural distortion of the normally planar heterocycle, with important ramifications for the photophysics. These results are also correlated to DFT calculations, which show that the orbital energies and symmetries are both important factors for explaining the excited-state dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Farley
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - N V S Dinesh K Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Bianca K John
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges , Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , New York, New York 10016, United States.,The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abraham B, Nieto-Pescador J, Gundlach L. Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of Photoexcited Zinc-Porphyrin: Electronic-Vibrational Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3151-3156. [PMID: 27482847 PMCID: PMC5424700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic tetrapyrroles are the active core of compounds with crucial roles in living systems, such as hemoglobin and chlorophyll, and in technology as photocatalysts and light absorbers for solar energy conversion. Zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin (Zn-TPP) is a prototypical cyclic tetrapyrrole that has been intensely studied in past decades. Because of its importance for photochemical processes the optical properties are of particular interest, and, accordingly, numerous studies have focused on light absorption and excited-state dynamics of Zn-TPP. Relaxation after photoexcitation in the Soret band involves internal conversion that is preceded by an ultrafast process. This relaxation process has been observed by several groups. Hitherto, it has not been established if it involves a higher lying "dark" state or vibrational relaxation in the excited S2 state. Here we combine high time resolution electronic and vibrational spectroscopy to show that this process constitutes vibrational relaxation in the anharmonic S2 potential.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ngaojampa C, Namuangruk S, Surakhot Y, Promarak V, Jungsuttiwong S, Kungwan N. Influence of phenyl-attached substituents on the vibrational and electronic spectra of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Aydin M. Comparative study of the structural and vibroelectronic properties of porphyrin and its derivatives. Molecules 2014; 19:20988-1021. [PMID: 25517340 PMCID: PMC6271358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT and time-dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) were employed to investigate the vibroelectronic structural properties of porphyrin and some derivatives: unsubstituted porphyrin (TPyr), meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP), protonated-TPyr (H2TPyr), deuterated-H2TPyr (D4TPyr), protonated-TPP (H2TPP) and deuterated-H2TPP (D4TPP), protonated TSPP (H2TSPP), deuterated-H2TSPP (D4TSPP), dicationic TSPP (H6TSPP) and deuterated-H6TSPP (D8TSPP). The possible internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes of these compounds were investigated. Finally, the relaxed ground state potential energy surface (PES) (S0), and singlet (Sn, n = 1–24) and triplet (Tn) excited state PESs of the TSPP molecule were calculated as function of the dihedral angle (Cα-Cm-Cϕ-C(ph)) rotation. The results of the calculations indicated that while the meso-substitutions caused a significant shift in frequencies when the meso-carbons within the parent-porphine (or TPyr) are involved in the vibrational motion of molecules; the protonation of the N atoms at the porphine/porphyrin core causes a significant blue shift when the H on the N atoms within the pyrroline are dominantly involved in the vibrational motions. The deuteration of N atoms not only caused a red-shift in the frequencies of the corresponding peaks below 1600 cm−1, but also produced new vibrational modes of frequencies in the 2565–2595 cm−1 range caused by the N-D bond stretching. Similarly, the deuteration of O atoms within the sulfonato groups (-SO3−) exhibited a new peak at around 2642 cm−1 due to O-D bond stretching. The measured Raman spectrum of the H2TSPP is assigned based on the predicted Raman spectra of the compounds studied here and measured Raman spectrum of the TPP (from our previous work). The IR spectrum is assigned based on our calculations and measured IR spectra obtained from the literature. The results of the TD-DFT calculations did not only indicate that the meso-substitution and protonation of the porphyrin bring about a significant read shift in the electronic transitions; but also provided a strong evidence for the IC from the Soret band to Q-bands beside possibility of the ISC process; its existence depend on the other excited state process such as much faster vibrational relaxation; the IC and etc. The ground state PES curve (S0) of the ionic TSPP exhibited two minima at the dihedral angle (Cα-Cm-Cϕ-C) of about 66° (corresponds to the lowest ground state) and 110° (corresponds to next energetically stable state or the local minima). The energy deference between these two minima is 0.0132 eV (or 106 cm−1) and the highest potential energy barrier when undergoing from the lowest ground state to this local state is only 0.0219 eV (177 cm−1; which is compatible with the thermal energy (kT) at 298 K is 207.2 cm−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Metin Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao H, Chen F, Yao G, Chen D. DFT Study on Structural Distortion and Vibronic Coupling of Vanadyl Porphyrin Anion and Cation. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/05/504-511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
12
|
Zhao YD, Fu JJ, Li HB, Dong H, Liao Y. Photoinduced charge transfer processes of zinc porphyrin derivatives for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-3084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Gao H, Chen F, Wang C, Wang G, Chen D. Vibrational Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Metallotriphenylcorroles. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/04/398-408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Słota R, Broda MA, Dyrda G, Ejsmont K, Mele G. Structural and molecular characterization of meso-substituted zinc porphyrins: a DFT supported study. Molecules 2011; 16:9957-71. [PMID: 22134401 PMCID: PMC6264692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16129957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural parameters of a range of over 100 meso-substituted zinc porphyrins were reviewed and compared to show how far the nature of the functional group may affect the interatomic distances and bond angles within the porphyrin core. It was proved that even despite evident deformations of the molecular structure, involving twisting of the porphyrin's central plane, the coupled π-bonding system remains flexible and stable. DFT calculations were applied to a number of selected porphyrins representative for the reviewed compounds to emphasize the relevance of theoretical methods in structural investigations of complex macrocyclic molecular systems. Experimental and DFT-simulated IR spectral data were reported and analyzed in context of the individual molecular features introduced by the meso substituents into the porphyrin moiety base. Raw experimental spectral data, including 1H- and 13C-NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and other relevant physicochemical details have been provided for a specially chosen reference zinc porphyrin functionalized by tert-butylphenyl groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Słota
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang YH, Zhao LH, Ruan WJ, Xu Y. Theoretical study of electronic structure and absorption spectra of diacid and zinc species of series of meso-phenylporphyrins. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 79:1449-1460. [PMID: 21620760 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
DFT and TDDFT calculations with density functionals (PBE1PBE, B3LYP, and PBEPBE) have been employed in a study of HCl-acidified diacids of a series of meso-phenylporphyrins. This study aims to clarify the influence of conformational distortion, meso-phenyl substituents, and counterion Cl- on absorption spectra of porphyrin derivatives. Calculations indicate that all three factors increase the MO's level and decrease the Gouterman HOMO-LUMO gap; this, further, brings about the redshift of absorption band. In comparison with experimental methods, the PBE1PBE method produces a more credible description of UV-vis spectra than other two methods. TDDFT calculation with the PBE1PBE method indicates that the electronic effect of the meso-phenyl group is dominant for the spectral redshift of porphyrin diacid series as observed in zinc porphyrins. The redshift of the B band of porphyrin diacids is primarily caused by an electron-donating effect of the meso-phenyl group, whereas the Q band is more sensitive to the π electron delocalization effect. The counterion is indispensable in a theoretical study of electronic and spectral structure of porphyrin diacids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Application of Long-Range-Corrected Density Functional in Zinc Porphyrin for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.322.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we applied quantum chemical techniques (DFT and TD-DFT) to assess which level of theory is appropriate for calculating the ground- and excited-state structures of ZnP. The result of geometrical optimization of ZnP demonstrates that wB97XD can be an excellent method giving similar results with the experiment. However for TD-DFT calculations, TD-LC-wPBE/6-31G* was needed to replicate the optical transitions in toluene solution.
Collapse
|
17
|
de Oliveira VE, Corrêa CC, Pinheiro CB, Diniz R, de Oliveira LFC. Structural and spectroscopy studies of the zinc complex of p-hydroxyphenylporphyrin. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Lu TT, Gao HL, He TJ, Liu FC, Chen DM. Vibrational Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Metallo-tetra-(tert-butyl)-tetra-azaporphyrines. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/23/05/573-581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
19
|
Fluorescence and FTIR Spectra Analysis of Trans-A₂B₂-Substituted Di- and Tetra-Phenyl Porphyrins. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4446-4475. [PMID: 28883336 PMCID: PMC5445833 DOI: 10.3390/ma3084446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of asymmetrically substituted free-base di- and tetra-phenylporphyrins and the associated Zn-phenylporphyrins were synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction, NMR, infrared, electronic absorption spectra, as well as fluorescence emission spectroscopy, along with theoretical simulations of the electronic and vibration structures. The synthesis selectively afforded trans-A2B2 porphyrins, without scrambling observed, where the AA and BB were taken as donor- and acceptor-substituted phenyl groups. The combined results point to similar properties to symmetrically substituted porphyrins reported in the literature. The differences in FTIR and fluorescence were analyzed by means of detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The X-ray diffraction analysis for single crystals of zinc-containing porphyrins revealed small deviations from planarity for the porphyrin core in perfect agreement with the DFT optimized structures. All calculated vibrational modes (2162 modes for all six compounds studied) were found and fully characterized and assigned to the observed FTIR spectra. The most intense IR bands are discussed in connection with the generic similarity and differences of calculated normal modes. Absorption spectra of all compounds in the UV and visible regions show the typical ethio type feature of meso-tetraarylporphyrins with a very intense Soret band and weak Q bands of decreasing intensity. In diphenyl derivatives, the presence of only two phenyl rings causes a pronounced hypsochromic shift of all bands in the absorption spectra. Time-dependent DFT calculations revealed some peculiarities in the electronic excited states structure and connected them with vibronic bands in the absorption and fluorescence spectra from associated vibrational sublevels.
Collapse
|