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Majd SA, Kashanian S, Babaei M, Shekarbeygi Z. Alginate-derived carbon dots for "turn off-on" anti-neoplastic 5-fluorouracil sensing in biological samples. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 39183526 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
As a chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used for colon cancer for decades. Excessive levels of 5-FU in the human body can lead to notable adverse effects, including severe diarrhea, infection, mouth sores, skin peeling, skin inflammation, and ulcers, which are important and relatively common digestive side effects. In addition, 5-FU is an analog of uracil and also has similarities to pyrimidines. Therefore, it is not easy to separate them. This research presented a sensor capable of detecting drugs in minimal amounts. An alginate-derived carbon dot (CD) was synthesized by unique optical properties that obey an on-off fluorescence mechanism for 5-FU sensing. Introducing copper (Cu(I)) to CDs results in fluorescence quenching through electron transfer. However, when 5-FU is added to the system as an oxidizing agent, a redox reaction occurs on the surface of the CDs, which leads to the restoration of fluorescence as Cu(I) is altered to Cu(II). Experimental results showed a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.99) in the concentration range of 1.00-45.00 nM, with the following linear regression, and revealed the relative standard deviation (RSD%) and detection limit of 2.57%, and 1.00 nM, respectively. These results validated the excellent detection capability of the proposed method even at low concentrations of 5-FU and in the presence of other drugs and interfering substances. Also, the recovery of 5-FU (varies from 100.46% to 113.7%, with RSD equal to 1.89-3.63) in serum samples indicates the absence of matrix interference in the determination of 5-FU. In summary, this novel approach to developing a cost-effective and sensitive sensor holds great potential for future applications in healthcare and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Abbasi Majd
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Shekarbeygi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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2
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Nasr MS, Talaat W, Morshedy S, Kaddah MMY, Omran G, Keshk RM. A new fluorescence probe for sofosbuvir analysis in dosage form and spiked human plasma. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4742. [PMID: 38637644 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and low-cost technique was developed to allow reliable analysis of the anti-hepatitis C drug sofosbuvir in bulk, tablet form, and spiked human plasma. This method depends on the ability of sofosbuvir to quench the fluorescence of the newly synthesized 2-amino-3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridine (reagent 3). Elemental analysis and spectral data were used to validate the structure of the synthesized reagent. The newly synthesized reagent exhibited a satisfactory level of fluorescence emission at 365 nm after excitation at 247 nm. All experimental variables that might affect the quenching process were analyzed and optimized. Linearity, range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were all validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. The concentration range was shown to be linear between 0.1 and 1.5 μg/mL. The technique was effectively utilized for sofosbuvir analysis in both its tablet dosage form and spiked human plasma, with mean percentage recoveries of 100.13 ± 0.35 and 94.26 ± 1.69, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Wael Talaat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Samir Morshedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gamal Omran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Reda M Keshk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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3
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Pradeepa E, Arthoba Nayaka Y, Sahana HR. Electrochemical investigation of an anticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil in the presence of Theophylline using low-cost and disposable poly(GLY) modified pencil graphite electrode. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115451. [PMID: 38154624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein this study, a facile, efficient and disposable electrochemical sensor has been prepared by electropolymerization of glycine (poly(GLY)) on the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The surface topology of the equipped poly(GLY) modified pencil graphite electrode (poly(GLY)/PGE) and bare pencil graphite electrode (BPGE) has been characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and charge transfer behaviour was measured by electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The voltammetric behaviour of anticancer, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the presence of theophylline (THP) has been carried out in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of physiological pH 7.0 using different techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The proposed poly(GLY)/PGE shows augmented peak current for 5-FU at lower potential side over the BPGE due to the electrocatalytic behaviour of modifier layers wrapped on the electrode surface. The kinetic behaviour of 5-FU at modified electrode surface was studied by varying different parameters such as pH, scan rate and concentration study in 0.1 M PBS used as a supporting electrolyte. The limit of detection (LOD) for 5-FU was attained using DPV method with different concentrations (1.0-13.0 μM) and it was found to be 0.012 μM. The possible electrochemical reaction of 5-FU was proposed and it was incorporated by two electrons and two protons mechanism at modified electrode surface. The voltammetric response of poly(GLY)/PGE towards the determination of 5-FU was unaffected in the presence of some excipients in addition to the remarkable stability and reproducibility. The applicability of the proposed sensor has been performed by real sample investigation of 5-FU with a substantial percentage of recovery results in all optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pradeepa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Y Arthoba Nayaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.
| | - H R Sahana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
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4
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Ebrahimian J, Khayatkashani M, Soltani N, Mohammed HT, Tavakkoli N, Jafari M, Salavati-Niasari M. Rosa Damascena mediated ZnO-Red Ochre nanocomposite for the electrochemical determination of 5-Fluorouracil. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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5
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Dong J, Huang C, Guo S, Xia Y, Hou Y, Yang C, Zhang X, Jie J, Zhu BZ, Su H. Free-Radical-Mediated Photoinduced Electron Transfer between 6-Thioguanine and Tryptophan Leading to DNA-Protein-Like Cross-Link. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:14-22. [PMID: 34951313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nucleobase analog 6-thioguanine (6-TG) has emerged as important immunosuppressant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer drug in the past few decades, but its unique photosensitivity of absorbing strongly ultraviolet UVA light elicits photochemical hazards in many ways. The particularly intriguing yet unresolved question is whether the direct photoreaction of 6-TG can promote DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) formation, which are large DNA adducts blocking DNA replication and physically impede DNA-related processes. Herein, by real-time observation of radical intermediates using time-resolved UV-vis absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with product analysis by HPLC-MS, we discover that UVA excitation of 6-TG triggers direct covalent cross-linking with tryptophan (TrpH) via an exquisite radical mechanism of electron transfer. The photoexcitation prepares the redox-active triplet 36-TG*, which initiates electron transfer with TrpH, creating TrpH•+ and 6-TG•- in the first step. The deprotonated Trp• undergoes radical-recombination with its geminate partner 6-TG•- and eliminates a H2S, leading to the cross-linking product 6-TG-Trp. The photoadduct structures (two chiral isomers and one constitutional isomer) are identified unambiguously, validating further the mechanism. These findings pinpoint the exact amino acid that is vulnerable to photo-cross-linking with 6-TG and establish a mechanistic framework for understanding mutagenic DPCs formation and developing photoprobes based on this new type of photo-cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Dong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- State Key Lab of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Shaoshi Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xia
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chunfan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xianwang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jialong Jie
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Lab of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Su
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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7
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Jiang J, Yan T, Cui D, Wang J, Shen J, Guo F, Lin Y. A DFT study on the effect of Au-decoration on the interaction of adrucil drug with BC2N nanotubes in the gas phase and aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Zahed FM, Hatamluyi B, Lorestani F, Es’haghi Z. Silver nanoparticles decorated polyaniline nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for the determination of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Jeyaraj M, Praphakar RA, Rajendran C, Ponnamma D, Sadasivuni KK, Munusamy MA, Rajan M. Surface functionalization of natural lignin isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller biomass by atom transfer radical polymerization for enhanced anticancer efficacy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin (LIG), one of the major natural polymers in the biomass is widely used for various industrial and biomedical applications, mainly in its modified form of grafted lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Guindy Campus
- Chennai-25
- India
| | - Rajendran Amarnath Praphakar
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
| | - Chinnusamy Rajendran
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
| | | | | | - Murugan A. Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
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10
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Prasad BB, Kumar A. Development of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoarrays of N-acryloyl-2-mercaptobenzamide on a silver electrode for ultratrace sensing of uracil and 5-fluorouracil. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5864-5876. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00678c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphical representation of development of mip-nanoarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Bali Prasad
- Analytical Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Anil Kumar
- Analytical Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
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11
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Manivannan C, Sambathkumar S, Renganathan R. Interaction of acriflavine with pyrimidines: a spectroscopic approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 114:316-322. [PMID: 23778172 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of acriflavine with uracils was investigated by using spectroscopic tools viz., UV-Vis absorption, steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements. The spectroscopic data were analyzed using Stern-Volmer equation to determine the quenching process. The bimolecular quenching rate constant (k(q)), binding constant (K) and number of binding sites (n) were calculated at different temperature from the relevant fluorescence data. The experimental results obtained from life-time measurement indicate that the quenching mechanism was static via the formation of ground state complex. The free energy change (ΔGet) for electron transfer process was calculated by Rehm-Weller equation. The existence of binding forces and the interactions of acriflavine with uracils were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manivannan
- Department of Chemistry, KSR College of Engineering, Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Huynh TP, Pieta P, D'Souza F, Kutner W. Molecularly imprinted polymer for recognition of 5-fluorouracil by RNA-type nucleobase pairing. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8304-12. [PMID: 23885708 DOI: 10.1021/ac401598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A 6-aminopurine (adenine) derivative of bis(2,2'-bithienyl)methane, vis., 4-[2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]phenyl-4-[bis(2,2'-bithienyl)methane] or Ade-BTM, was designed and synthesized for recognition of 5-fluorouracil (FU), an antitumor chemotherapy agent, by RNA-type (nucleobase pairing)-driven molecular imprinting. The prepolymerization complex stoichiometry involved one FU molecule and two molecules of the Ade-BTM functional monomer. Molecular structure of this complex was thermodynamically optimized via density functional theory at the B3LYP/3-21G* level. The stability constant of the FU-Ade-BTM complex of 1:2 stoichiometry was K = 2.17(±0.07) × 10(7) M(-2), as determined by titration with quenching of fluorescence of the bis(2,2'-bithienyl)methane moiety of Ade-BTM by the FU titrant, in benzonitrile, at 352 nm excitation. Next, (5-fluorouracil)-templated molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP-FU) films were deposited on indium-tin oxide (ITO) or Au film-coated glass slides, Pt disk electrodes, or 10-MHz quartz crystal resonators by potentiodynamic electropolymerization from solution of FU, Ade-BTM, and tris([2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)methane (TTM) cross-linking monomer at FU:Ade-BTM:TTM = 1:2:3 mol ratio. Then UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the MIP-FU films were recorded to confirm the FU template presence in the MIP-FU film and its subsequent release by extraction with methanol from this film. For determination of the stability constant of the complex of the MIP cavity and FU, piezoelectric microgravimetry (PM) under both batch- and flow-injection analysis conditions was used. For sensing application, three different transduction platforms [differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), capacitive impedimetry (CI), and PM] were integrated with the MIP-FU recognition unit. The limit of detection (LOD) was 56 nM, 75 nM, and 0.26 mM, for these chemosensors, respectively, indicating suitability of the former two for FU determination in blood plasma or serum (~500 nM). Moreover, the CI chemosensor was appreciably more sensitive to FU than to their common interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Phat Huynh
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Supramolecular Complexes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Gui R, Wan A, Jin H. Retracted Article: Facile synthesis of quantum dots/mesoporous silica/quantum dots core/shell/shell hybrid microspheres for ratiometric fluorescence detection of 5-fluorouracil in human serum. Analyst 2013; 138:5956-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots/mesoporous silica/quantum dots core/shell/shell microspheres were developed toward the ratiometric fluorescence detection of 5-fluorouracil in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijun Gui
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P.R. China
| | - Ajun Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P.R. China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P.R. China
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Manivannan C, Renganathan R. An investigation on the fluorescence quenching of 9-aminoacridine by certain pyrimidines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 82:475-480. [PMID: 21839670 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence quenching of 9-aminoacridine by certain substituted uracils in water was studied using absorption, steady state and time resolved measurements. The bimolecular quenching rate constants (k(q)), binding constant K and number of binding sites (n) were calculated based on the fluorescence quenching data. The free energy change (ΔG(et)) for electron transfer process was calculated by Rehm-Weller equation. From lifetime measurement we observed that the quenching was mainly due to static mechanism involving ground state complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manivannan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khot MS, Desai NK, Kolekar GB, Patil SR. Fluorescence enhancement effect for the determination of adenosine 5'-monophosphate with 9-anthracene carboxylic acid-cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide system. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:1997-2003. [PMID: 21710147 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A fluorimetric method based on fluorescence enhancement effect was developed for the determination of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) with 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (9-ANCA)-cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) system. Fluorescence intensity of 9-ANCA was decreased by the addition of CTAB but addition of AMP again rose the intensity of 9-ANCA gradually. The observed fluorescence enhancement is attributed to the competitive binding reaction of 9-ANCA and adenosine to CTAB. The enhancement in the fluorescence intensity was found proportional to the concentration of AMP over the range 2.0 × 10(-4) to 1.2 × 10(-3) mol dm(-3). The ion pair complex is formed spontaneously between 9-ANCA and CTAB. Since the binding interaction is larger for the adenosine-CTAB pair, the fluorophore 9-ANCA will be released. The quantum yield of free 9-ANCA is higher therefore its fluorescence observed at 417 nm wavelength is enhanced. This mechanism of competitive molecular interaction is further confirmed by conductometric measurements. The method was applied successfully for the determination of AMP from pharmaceutical sample. The method is more selective, sensitive and relatively free from interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadev S Khot
- Ch. Sambhaji Raje Sainik School, Jamge (Khed), Ratnagiri, 415709 Maharashtra, India.
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