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Haaz E, Fozer D, Thangaraj R, Szőri M, Mizsey P, Toth AJ. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Study of the Monochlorobenzene-4,6-Dichloropyrimidine Binary System. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17670-17678. [PMID: 35664587 PMCID: PMC9161255 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The number of newly synthesized and produced organic chemicals has increased extremely quickly. However, the measurements of their physical properties, including their vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data, are time-consuming. It so happens that there is no physical property data about a brand-new chemical. Therefore, the importance of calculating their physicochemical properties has been playing a more and more important role. 4,6-Dichloropyrimidine (DCP) is also a relatively new molecule of high industrial importance with little existing data. Therefore, their measurements and the comparison with the calculated data are of paramount concern. DCP is a widespread heterocyclic moiety that is present in synthetic pharmacophores with biological activities as well as in numerous natural products. Isobaric VLE for the binary system of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and its main solvent monochlorobenzene (MCB) was measured using a vapor condensate and liquid circulation VLE apparatus for the first time in the literature. Density functional-based VLE was calculated using the COSMO-SAC protocol to verify the laboratory results. The COSMO-SAC calculation was found to be capable of representing the VLE data with high accuracy. Adequate agreement between the experimental and calculated VLE data was acquired with a minimal deviation of 3.0 × 10-3, which allows for broader use of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Haaz
- Environmental and
Process Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental
Process Engineering, Budapest University
of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Daniel Fozer
- Division for Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Resource
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building, 424, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ravikumar Thangaraj
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Science and
Engineering, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros A/2, Miskolc H-3515, Hungary
- Higher Education and Industry Cooperation Center of Advanced
Materials and Intelligent Technologies, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros A/2, Miskolc H-3515, Hungary
| | - Milán Szőri
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Science and
Engineering, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros A/2, Miskolc H-3515, Hungary
| | - Peter Mizsey
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Science and
Engineering, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros A/2, Miskolc H-3515, Hungary
| | - Andras Jozsef Toth
- Environmental and
Process Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental
Process Engineering, Budapest University
of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
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Halim SA, Ibrahim MA. Synthesis, FT-IR, structural, thermochemical, electronic absorption spectral, and NLO analysis of the novel 10-methoxy-10 H-furo[3,2- g]chromeno[2,3- b][1,3]thiazolo[5,4- e]pyridine-2,10(3 H)-dione (MFCTP): a DFT/TD-DFT study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32047-32066. [PMID: 35495537 PMCID: PMC9041826 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06134h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical transformation of 4-methoxy-5-oxo-5H-furo[3,2-g]chromene-6-carbonitrile (1) with 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (2) in boiling ethanol containing piperidine afforded the novel 10-methoxy-10H-furo[3,2-g]chromeno[2,3-b][1,3]thiazole[5,4-e]pyridine-2,10(3H)-dione (3, MFCTP). The chemical structure of the synthesized compound was established via elemental analysis and spectral data. FT-IR spectroscopy was performed in the range of 400-4000 cm-1 for the vibrational spectral analysis of MFCTP. The GIAO method was employed to calculate the values of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts theoretically, which were consistent with the experimental chemical shifts. The molecule (3, MFCTP) has two stable structures, as determined from the potential energy curve. The S1 structure is the most stable conformer of (3, MFCTP) according to the computational results. The density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio HF calculations and different basis set combinations based on the structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field were interpreted with the aid of the molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies, and intensities of the vibrational bands. The potential energy distribution (PED) was determined based on the complete vibrational wavenumber assignments. The calculated spectra of the title compound were in agreement with the observed spectra. The scaled B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) results exhibited better agreement with the experimental values compared to the other method used. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) was employed to calculate the energy and oscillator strength and supplement the experimental findings. Also, it was performed and the results interpreted the molecular electrostatic potential, nonlinear optical and thermodynamic properties, and Mulliken and natural charges of the title compound. DFT calculations were performed to study the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and compared with the experimental antimicrobial results for compound (3, MFCTP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Abdel Halim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University Roxy 11711 Cairo Egypt +20 01090306455
| | - Magdy A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University Roxy 11711 Cairo Egypt +20 01090306455
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Phelps R, Orr-Ewing AJ. Direct Observation of Ylide and Enol Intermediates Formed in Competition with Wolff Rearrangement of Photoexcited Ethyl Diazoacetoacetate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7836-7844. [PMID: 32267699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The photoexcitation of α-diazocarbonyl compounds produces ketenes by both concerted and stepwise Wolff rearrangements. The stepwise mechanism proceeds through singlet carbene intermediates which can also participate in bimolecular reactions such as ylide formation with nucleophiles. Here, ultrafast transient infrared absorption spectroscopy is used to show competitive production of singlet carbene and ketene intermediates from the photoexcitation of ethyl diazoacetoacetate. We provide direct spectroscopic evidence for ylide formation by singlet α-carbonyl carbene capture in aprotic nucleophilic solvents (with ylide bands at 1625 cm-1 in acetonitrile and 1586 and 1635 cm-1 in tetrahydrofuran) and report an enol-mediated pathway for singlet α-carbonyl carbene reaction with alcohols (ethanol or tert-butanol) identified by an absorption band at 1694 cm-1; however, we find no evidence for a previously proposed ylide pathway. The α-carbonyl carbene is monitored by using a band with solvent-dependent wavenumber in the range 1627-1645 cm-1. A computed two-dimensional cut of the potential energy surface for the reaction of the singlet α-carbonyl carbene with methanol shows that the enol forms without a barrier and that this reaction is promoted by an intermolecular hydrogen bond from methanol to the carbonyl oxygen atom. The corresponding ylide structure lies higher in energy, with a barrierless downhill path to isomerization to the enol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Phelps
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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Nageswari G, George G, Ramalingam S, Govindarajan M. Molecular analyses using FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV spectral investigation; quantum chemical calculations of dimethyl phthalate. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sert Y, Mahendra M, Shivashankar K, Puttaraju KB, Doğan H, Çırak Ç, Ucun F. Vibrational spectroscopy investigation using M06-2X and B3LYP methods analysis on the structure of 2-Trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:109-118. [PMID: 24662759 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the experimental and theoretical vibrational frequencies of a newly synthesized bioactive agent namely, 2-Trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (TIP) have been investigated. The experimental FT-IR (4000-400 cm(-1)) and Laser-Raman spectra (4000-100 cm(-1)) of the molecule in solid phase have been recorded. The theoretical vibrational frequencies and the optimized geometric parameters (bond lengths and bond angles) have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP: Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) and M06-2X (the highly parametrized, empirical exchange correlation function) quantum chemical methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 09W software, for the first time. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies have been done by potential energy distribution (PED) analysis using VEDA 4 software. The theoretical optimized geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies have been found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data and results in the literature. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy and the other related molecular energy values of the compound have been investigated using the same theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Sert
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey; Sorgun Vocational School, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey.
| | - M Mahendra
- Department of Studies in Physics, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, India
| | - K Shivashankar
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560 001, India
| | - K B Puttaraju
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560 001, India
| | - H Doğan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Çagrı Çırak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ucun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32100, Turkey
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Alparone A. Anharmonic IR and Raman spectra and electronic and vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities of barbituric, 2-thiobarbituric and 2-selenobarbituric acids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:669-678. [PMID: 24128920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Infrared, Raman and electronic absorption spectra, electronic and vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities, of barbituric, 2-thiobarbituric and 2-selenobarbituric acids were studied in gas using ab initio and density functional theory levels. The vibrational spectra were computed using harmonic and anharmonic methods. Anharmonic contributions improve the agreement between calculated and available experimental wavenumbers, especially in the highest-energy spectral region (wavenumbers >1700 cm(-1)). Vibrational and electronic transitions potentially useful to identify the investigated compounds were explored. The electronic and vibrational hyperpolarizabilities for the IDRI nonlinear optical (NLO) process at the λ value of 790 nm were computed. Supported by spectroscopic results, electronic and vibrational polarizabilities and second-order hyperpolarizabilities increase progressively in the order barbituric acid<2-thiobarbituric acid<2-selenobarbituric acid. The seleno-derivative is predicted to be ca. three/four times more hyperpolarizable than the barbituric acid. The Se→O or Se→S substitutions can be practical strategies to enhances the NLO properties of barbituric and thiobarbituric acid-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alparone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
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Govindarajan M, Karabacak M. FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV spectral investigation; computed frequency estimation analysis and electronic structure calculations on 4-hydroxypteridine. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kraljević TG, Petrović M, Krištafor S, Makuc D, Plavec J, Ross TL, Ametamey SM, Raić-Malić S. Methoxymethyl (MOM) group nitrogen protection of pyrimidines bearing C-6 acyclic side-chains. Molecules 2011; 16:5113-29. [PMID: 21694675 PMCID: PMC6264546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16065113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel N-methoxymethylated (MOM) pyrimidine (4−13) and pyrimidine-2,4-diones (15−17) nucleoside mimetics in which an isobutyl side-chain is attached at the C-6 position of the pyrimidine moiety were synthesized. Synthetic methods viaO-persilylated or N-anionic uracil derivatives have been evaluated for the synthesis of N-1- and/or N-3-MOM pyrimidine derivatives with C-6 acyclic side-chains. A synthetic approach using an activated N-anionic pyrimidine derivative afforded the desired N,N-1,3-diMOM and N-1-MOM pyrimidines 4 and 5 in good yield. Introduction of fluorine into the side-chain was performed with DAST as the fluorinating reagent to give a N,N-1,3-diMOM pyrimidine 13 with a 1-fluoro-3-hydroxyisobutyl moiety at C-6. Conformational study of the monotritylated N-1-MOM pyrimidine 12 by the use of the NOE experiments revealed the predominant conformation of the compound to be one where the hydroxymethyl group in the C-6 side-chain is close to the N-1-MOM moiety, while the OMTr is in proximity to the CH3-5 group. Contrary to this no NOE enhancements between the N-1-MOM group and hydroxymethyl or fluoromethyl protons in 13 were observed, which suggested a nonrestricted rotation along the C-6 side-chain. Fluorinated N,N-1,3-diMOM pyrimidine 13 emerged as a model compound for development of tracer molecules for non-invasive imaging of gene expression using positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; (T.G.K.); (S.R.-M.); Tel.: +385-1-4597-213; Fax: +385-1-4597-224
| | - Martina Petrović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Krištafor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian NMR centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Exellence, Dunajska 156, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Exellence, Dunajska 156, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tobias L. Ross
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; (T.G.K.); (S.R.-M.); Tel.: +385-1-4597-213; Fax: +385-1-4597-224
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