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Das A, Ringu T, Ghosh S, Pramanik N. A comprehensive review on recent advances in preparation, physicochemical characterization, and bioengineering applications of biopolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022; 80:7247-7312. [PMID: 36043186 PMCID: PMC9409625 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers are mainly the polymers which are created or obtained from living creatures such as plants and bacteria rather than petroleum, which has traditionally been the source of polymers. Biopolymers are chain-like molecules composed of repeated chemical blocks derived from renewable resources that may decay in the environment. The usage of biomaterials is becoming more popular as a means of reducing the use of non-renewable resources and reducing environmental pollution produced by synthetic materials. Biopolymers' biodegradability and non-toxic nature help to maintain our environment clean and safe. This study discusses how to improve the mechanical and physical characteristics of biopolymers, particularly in the realm of bioengineering. The paper begins with a fundamental introduction and progresses to a detailed examination of synthesis and a unique investigation of several recent focused biopolymers with mechanical, physical, and biological characterization. Biopolymers' unique non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and eco-friendly features are boosting their applications, especially in bioengineering fields, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biomedical, ecological, industrial, aqua treatment, and food packaging, among others, at the end of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the relevance of biopolymers in smart and novel bioengineering applications. Graphical abstract The Graphical abstract represents the biological sources and applications of biopolymers. Plants, bacteria, animals, agriculture wastes, and fossils are all biological sources for biopolymers, which are chemically manufactured from biological monomer units, including sugars, amino acids, natural fats and oils, and nucleotides. Biopolymer modification (chemical or physical) is recognized as a crucial technique for modifying physical and chemical characteristics, resulting in novel materials with improved capabilities and allowing them to be explored to their full potential in many fields of application such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, agriculture, biomedical, food industries, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh, Jote, Arunachal Pradesh 791113 India
| | - Togam Ringu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh, Jote, Arunachal Pradesh 791113 India
| | - Sampad Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Nalanda College of Engineering, Nalanda, Bihar 803108 India
| | - Nabakumar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh, Jote, Arunachal Pradesh 791113 India
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Shono Y, Tuckett AZ, Liou HC, Doubrovina E, Derenzini E, Ouk S, Tsai JJ, Smith OM, Levy ER, Kreines FM, Ziegler CGK, Scallion MI, Doubrovin M, Heller G, Younes A, O'Reilly RJ, van den Brink MRM, Zakrzewski JL. Characterization of a c-Rel Inhibitor That Mediates Anticancer Properties in Hematologic Malignancies by Blocking NF-κB-Controlled Oxidative Stress Responses. Cancer Res 2016; 76:377-89. [PMID: 26744524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB plays a variety of roles in oncogenesis and immunity that may be beneficial for therapeutic targeting, but strategies to selectively inhibit NF-κB to exert antitumor activity have been elusive. Here, we describe IT-901, a bioactive naphthalenethiobarbiturate derivative that potently inhibits the NF-κB subunit c-Rel. IT-901 suppressed graft-versus-host disease while preserving graft-versus-lymphoma activity during allogeneic transplantation. Further preclinical assessment of IT-901 for the treatment of human B-cell lymphoma revealed antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo without restriction to NF-κB-dependent lymphoma. This nondiscriminatory, antilymphoma effect was attributed to modulation of the redox homeostasis in lymphoma cells resulting in oxidative stress. Moreover, NF-κB inhibition by IT-901 resulted in reduced stimulation of the oxidative stress response gene heme oxygenase-1, and we demonstrated that NF-κB inhibition exacerbated oxidative stress induction to inhibit growth of lymphoma cells. Notably, IT-901 did not elicit increased levels of reactive oxygen species in normal leukocytes, illustrating its cancer selective properties. Taken together, our results provide mechanistic insight and preclinical proof of concept for IT-901 as a novel therapeutic agent to treat human lymphoid tumors and ameliorate graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shono
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Z Tuckett
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Ekaterina Doubrovina
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Enrico Derenzini
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samedy Ouk
- ImmuneTarget Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer J Tsai
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Odette M Smith
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily R Levy
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fabiana M Kreines
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carly G K Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mary I Scallion
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mikhail Doubrovin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Glenn Heller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anas Younes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Johannes L Zakrzewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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