Synthesis of a novel water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine and its CT DNA-damaging studies

BSA/DNA binding behavior and the photophysicochemical properties of novel water soluble zinc(II)phthalocyanines directly substituted with piperazine groups

In the current research, two novel zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) (1 and 2) directly connecting with 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl groups have been synthesized through the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. These ZnPcs 1 and 2 were converted to their water-soluble derivatives (1Q and 2Q) by quaternization. The photochemical and photophysical properties were determined in DMSO for the non-ionic zinc(II) phthalocyanines (1 and 2) and in both DMSO and aqueous solutions for the quaternized cationic derivatives (1Q and 2Q) to establish their photosensitizer capabilities in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric techniques were employed for the determination of interaction between water-soluble ZnPcs (1Q and 2Q) and BSA or ct-DNA. The binding constants of these compounds to BSA were found in the order of 10⁸ M^-1. The binding constant of the ct-DNA interaction with 2Q (1.09 × 10⁵ M^-1) was found higher than 1Q (6.87 × 10⁴ M^-1). The thermodynamic constants were determined for both 1Q and 2Q. The endothermic and spontaneous nature of interaction was observed with ct-DNA. Besides, the thermal denaturation and viscosity studies proved the non-intercalative mode of binding for both compounds to ct-DNA.

Synthesis and characterization of novel 7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin substituted metallo phthalocyanines and investigation of their photophysical and photochemical properties

In this study, the synthesis of novel 7-hydroxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin (1), four respective phthalonitriles; 4-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (2), 3-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (3), 4-chloro-5-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (4), and 4,5-bis(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (5) and their corresponding alpha tetra, beta tetra and beta octa 7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin and beta octa 4-chloro-5-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin) substituted Zn(ii) (6a-9a) and In(iii) Cl (6b-9b) phthalocyanines has been performed. The novel purified compounds were characterized by standard characterization techniques such as elemental analysis, thermal analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, ¹H-NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. All of the obtained phthalocyanines showed lipophilic behaviour with excellent solubility in organic solvents such as acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, pyridine and ethyl acetate. The fluorescence quenching behaviour was investigated using 1,4-benzoquinone and potassium iodide as quenchers. The photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yields) properties of these novel phthalocyanines (6a-9a and 6b-9b) were studied in DMF. They produced high singlet oxygen (for example Φ_Δ = 0.99 for 7b) and showed appropriate photodegradation (in the order of 10^-5) which is very important for photodynamic therapy (PDT), and thus these phthalocyanines can be used as Type II photosensitizers in PDT applications.

Influence of N atom number and form on the photodynamic activities of zinc phthalocyanines

Amino group modified phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their derivatives have attracted great attention in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their satisfied anticancer activity. The existence of N atoms in these Pcs is very important because they not only provide water solubility of Pcs, but also greatly affect their PDT activity. To clear the influence of N atoms number on PDT activity of amino group modified Pcs and their derivatives, in this manuscript, two series of amine modified Pcs with different N atom number and their water soluble derivatives, hydrochloride and quaternizing derivatives were synthesized. Their photochemical and photobiology properties were studied and compared. The results indicated that with increasing the number on N atom, the reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation ability, cancer cell uptaken ability and photoinduced anticancer activity were all increased in these ZnPcs.

Photophysical and photochemical studies of a novel amphiphilic zinc phthalocyanine and its interaction with calf thymus DNA

β-tetra (aminophenoxy) sulfonic substituted zinc phthalocyanines (SNZnPc), a novel amphiphilic zinc phthalocyanine (Pc), was synthesized. The photophysical, photochemical, and photobiology properties were studied. Results indicated that the synthesized SNZnPc has good amphiphilic property and high reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation ability. Furthermore, SNZnPc has strong affinity to calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) through intercalation ways and can effectively cleavage CT-DNA after irradiation by light with appropriate wavelength.

The water soluble peripherally tetra-substituted zinc(ii), manganese(iii) and copper(ii) phthalocyanines as new potential anticancer agents

In this study, [2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethoxy] group substituted zinc(ii), manganese(iii) and copper(ii) phthalocyanines 2–4 and their water soluble derivatives 2a, 3a and 4a were synthesized and the interactions of compounds 2a, 3a and 4a with CT-DNA and supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA were investigated.