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Parvarinezhad S, Salehi M, Kubicki M, Eshaghi Malekshah R. Experimental and theoretical studies of new Co(III) complexes of hydrazide derivatives proposed as multi-target inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Appl Organomet Chem 2022; 36:e6836. [PMID: 35945928 PMCID: PMC9353290 DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt(III) complexes with Schiff base ligands derived from hydrazone, (HL 1 = (E)-N'-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide, HL 2 = (E)-N'-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene), and HL 3 = (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the single crystal structure of the complex (1). Co(III) was formed in a distorted, very regular octahedral coordination in this complex; three pyridine moieties complete this geometry. Schiff base complexes' redox behaviors are represented by irreversible (1), quasi-reversible (2), and quasi-reversible (3) voltammograms. A density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP method was used to optimize cobalt complexes with a base set of 6-311G. Furthermore, fragments occupying the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were investigated at the same theoretical level. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) computations were also done to study the coordination bonds and non-covalent interactions in the investigated structures. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to investigate the nature and types of intermolecular exchanges in the crystal structure of the complex (1). The capacity of cobalt complexes to bind to the major protease SARS-CoV-2 and the molecular targets of human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) was investigated using molecular docking. The molecular simulation methods used to assess the probable binding states of cobalt complexes revealed that all three complexes were stabilized in the active envelope of the enzyme by making distinct interactions with critical amino acid residues. Interestingly, compound (2) performed better with both molecular targets and the total energy of the system than the other complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Salehi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceSemnan UniversitySemnanIran
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
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2
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Kamaal S, Ali A, Afzal M, Muslim M, Alarifi A, Ahmad M. Exploiting the biological potential of Zn(II) complex derived from zwitterionic Schiff base: DNA binding and cytotoxicity activity against human cervical cancer. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Khokhar D, Jadoun S, Arif R, Jabin S, Budhiraja V. Copolymerization of o-phenylenediamine and 3-Amino-5-methylthio-1H-1,2,4-triazole for tuned optoelectronic properties and its antioxidant studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Rana M, Arif R, Khan FI, Maurya V, Singh R, Faizan MI, Yasmeen S, Dar SH, Alam R, Sahu A, Ahmad T, Rahisuddin. Pyrazoline analogs as potential anticancer agents and their apoptosis, molecular docking, MD simulation, DNA binding and antioxidant studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104665. [PMID: 33571809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-formyl pyrazoline derivatives (3a-3l) were designed and synthesized via Michael addition reaction through cyclization of chalcones with hydrazine hydrate in presence of formic acid. The structural elucidation of N-formyl pyrazoline derivatives was carried out by various spectroscopic techniques such as 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Anticancer activity of the pyrazoline derivatives (3a-3l) was evaluated against human lung cancer (A549), fibrosarcoma cell lines (HT1080) and human primary normal lung cells (HFL-1) by MTT assay. The results of anticancer activity showed that potent analogs 3b and 3d exhibited promising activity against A549 (IC50 = 12.47 ± 1.08 and 14.46 ± 2.76 µM) and HT1080 (IC50 = 11.40 ± 0.66 and 23.74 ± 13.30 µM) but low toxic against the HFL-1 (IC50 = 116.47 ± 43.38 and 152.36 ± 22.18 µM). The anticancer activity of potent derivatives (3b and 3d) against A549 cancer cell line was further confirmed by flow cytometry based approach. DNA binding interactions of the pyrazoline derivatives 3b and 3d have been carried out with calf thymus DNA (Ct-DNA) using absorption, fluorescence and viscosity measurements, circular dichroism and cyclic voltammetry. Antioxidant potential of N-formyl pyrazoline derivatives (3a-3l) has been also estimated through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical and H2O2. Results revealed that all the compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity. In silico molecular modelling and ADMET properties of pyrazoline derivatives were also studied using PyRx software against topoisomerase II receptor with PDB ID: 1ZXM to explore their best hits. MD simulation of 3b and 3d was also carried out with topoisomerase II for structure-function correlation in a protein. HuTopoII inhibitory activity of the analogs (3a-3l) was examined by relaxation assay at varying concentrations 100-1000 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rizwan Arif
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Vikas Maurya
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Raja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Md Imam Faizan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shama Yasmeen
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sajad Hussain Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Raquib Alam
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Polytechnic, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ankita Sahu
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rahisuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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ÖZDEMİR Ö, GÜRKAN P, ŞİMAY DEMİR YD, ARK M. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity Studies in Series of Higher Amino Acid Schiff Bases. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.654598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Dorosti N, Afshar F, Ghaziani F, Gholivand K, Zarabi S. Two Hg(II) complexes of 4-pyridinecarbacylamidophosphates: Synthesis, crystal structures, theoretical studies and in vitro antibacterial evaluation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Neelakantan M, Balamurugan K, Balakrishnan C, Subha L. Interaction of Amino Acid Schiff Base Metal Complexes with DNA/BSA Protein and Antibacterial Activity: Spectral Studies, DFT Calculations and Molecular Docking Simulations. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Neelakantan
- Chemistry Research Center; National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti - 628 503 Tamil Nadu India
| | - K. Balamurugan
- Chemistry Research Center; National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti - 628 503 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chithiraivel Balakrishnan
- Chemistry Research Center; National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti - 628 503 Tamil Nadu India
| | - L. Subha
- Chemistry Research Center; National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti - 628 503 Tamil Nadu India
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8
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Neelakantan M, Balakrishnan C, Selvarani V, Theetharappan M. DNA/BSA binding interactions and VHPO mimicking potential of vanadium(IV) complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization and DFT studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Neelakantan
- Chemistry Research CentreNational Engineering College K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti 628 503 Thoothukudi District Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chithiraivel Balakrishnan
- Chemistry Research CentreNational Engineering College K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti 628 503 Thoothukudi District Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Selvarani
- Chemistry Research CentreNational Engineering College K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti 628 503 Thoothukudi District Tamil Nadu India
| | - M. Theetharappan
- Chemistry Research CentreNational Engineering College K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti 628 503 Thoothukudi District Tamil Nadu India
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9
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Ajmal M. Review: electrochemical studies on some metal complexes having anti-cancer activities. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1362559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ajmal
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Structural characterization, surface characteristics and non covalent interactions of a heterocyclic Schiff base: Evaluation of antioxidant potential by UV–visible spectroscopy and DFT. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Syntheses, crystal structures, spectral and DFT studies of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with N′-(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)acetohydrazide. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Foteeva L, Matczuk M, Timerbaev A. Analytical methodology for determination of interactions between metallodrugs and DNA: A critical examination. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Shi X, Mao S, Shen K, Wu H, Tang X. Synthesis, crystal structure, antioxidation and fluorescence of two lanthanide complexes with a noncyclic polyether Schiff base ligand. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1320394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinkui Shi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Mao
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kesheng Shen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huilu Wu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xia Tang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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14
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Masoudi M, Behzad M, Arab A, Tarahhomi A, Rudbari HA, Bruno G. Crystal structures, DFT calculations and Hirshfeld surface analyses of three new cobalt(III) Schiff base complexes derived from meso-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethylenediamine. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Synthesis and characterization of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with a new homopiperazine macrocyclic Schiff base ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Subha L, Balakrishnan C, Thalamuthu S, Neelakantan M. Mixed ligand Cu(II) complexes containing o-vanillin-l-tryptophan Schiff base and heterocyclic nitrogen bases: synthesis, structural characterization, and biological properties. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1008466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Subha
- Chemistry Research Centre, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, India
| | - C. Balakrishnan
- Chemistry Research Centre, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, India
| | - S. Thalamuthu
- Chemistry Research Centre, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, India
| | - M.A. Neelakantan
- Chemistry Research Centre, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, India
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17
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Xu B, Jiang W, Liu F, Yu Y, Dong J. Reactivity of Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes with
N
-Salicylidene Glycine Schiff Bases as Carboxylesterase Models. INT J CHEM KINET 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering; Sichuan Zigong 643000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education; Sicuan Zigong 643000 People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering; Sichuan Zigong 643000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education; Sicuan Zigong 643000 People's Republic of China
| | - Fuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education; Sicuan Zigong 643000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongde Yu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering; Sichuan Zigong 643000 People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Dong
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering; Sichuan Zigong 643000 People's Republic of China
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18
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Roseiro APS, Adão P, Galvão AM, Costa Pessoa J, Botelho do Rego AM, Carvalho MFNN. Oxygen activation by copper camphor complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00064e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In situreduction of CuCl2enables formation of Cu(i) complexes prone to activate molecular oxygen from air towards catalytic oxidation of 1,3-dicarbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. S. Roseiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Pedro Adão
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Adelino M. Galvão
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ana M. Botelho do Rego
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN)
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
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19
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Sayin K, Kariper SE, Sayin TA, Karakaş D. Theoretical spectroscopic study of seven zinc(II) complex with macrocyclic Schiff-base ligand. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 133:348-356. [PMID: 24967540 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seven zinc complexes, which are [ZnL(1)](2+), [ZnL(2)](2+), [ZnL(3)](2+), [ZnL(4)](2+), [ZnL(5)](2+), [ZnL(6)](2+) and [ZnL(7)](2+), are studied as theoretically. Structural parameters, vibration frequencies, electronic absorption spectra and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra are obtained for Zn(II) complexes of macrocyclic penta and heptaaza Schiff-base ligand. Vibration spectra of Zn(II) complexes are studied by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ. The UV-VIS and NMR spectra of the zinc complexes are obtained by using Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) method and Giao method, respectively. The agreements are found between experimental data of [ZnL(5)](2+), [ZnL(6)](2+) and [ZnL(7)](2+) complex ions and their calculated results. The geometries of complexes are found as distorted pentagonal planar for [ZnL(1)](2+), [ZnL(2)](2+) and [ZnL(3)](2+) complex ions, distorted tetrahedral for [ZnL(4)](2+) complex ion and distorted pentagonal bipyramidal for [ZnL(5)](2+), [ZnL(6)](2+) and [ZnL(7)](2+) complex ions. Ranking of biological activity is determined by using quantum chemical parameters and this ranking is found as: [ZnL(7)](2+)>[ZnL(6)](2+)>[ZnL(5)](2+)>[ZnL(3)](2+)>[ZnL(2)](2+)>[ZnL(1)](2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Sayin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Sultan Erkan Kariper
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Tuba Alagöz Sayin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Duran Karakaş
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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Wu H, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wu M, Chen C, Zhang J. Synthesis, crystal structure, antioxidation and DNA-binding properties of a dinuclear copper(II) complex with bis(N-salicylidene)-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamine. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.959507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilu Wu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Mingchang Wu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Chengyong Chen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Halabi MF, Shakir RM, Bardi DA, Al-Wajeeh NS, Ablat A, Hassandarvish P, Hajrezaie M, Norazit A, Abdulla MA. Gastroprotective activity of ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino]benzoate against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal ulcer in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95908. [PMID: 24800807 PMCID: PMC4011731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic, antioxidant and gastro-protective effect of ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylid ene)amino] benzoate (ETHAB) in rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The cytotoxic effect of ETHAB was assessed using a MTT cleavage assay on a WRL68 cell line, while its antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro. In the anti-ulcer study, rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 and group 2 received 10% Tween 20 (vehicle). Group 3 received 20 mg/kg Omeprazole. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received ETHAB at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. After an hour, group 1 received the vehicle. Groups 2-6 received absolute ethanol to induce gastric mucosal lesions. In the WRL68 cell line, an IC50 of more than 100 µg/mL was observed. ETHAB results showed antioxidant activity in the DPPH, FRAP, nitric oxide and metal chelating assays. There was no acute toxicity even at the highest dosage (1000 mg/kg). Microscopy showed that rats pretreated with ETHAB revealed protection of gastric mucosa as ascertained by significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), pH level, mucus secretion, reduced gastric lesions, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and remarkable flattened gastric mucosa. Histologically, pretreatment with ETHAB resulted in comparatively better gastric protection, due to reduction of submucosal edema with leucocyte infiltration. PAS staining showed increased intensity in uptake of Alcian blue. In terms of immunohistochemistry, ETHAB showed down-expression of Bax proteins and over-expression of Hsp70 proteins. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The gastroprotective effect of ETHAB may be attributed to antioxidant activity, increased gastric wall mucus, pH level of gastric contents, SOD activity, decrease in MDA level, ulcer area, flattening of gastric mucosa, reduction of edema and leucocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer, increased PAS staining, up-regulation of Hsp70 protein and suppressed expression of Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Farouq Halabi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Al-Moalim Mohamed Awad Center for Scientific Miracles of Prophetic Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raied Mustafa Shakir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department. of Chemistry, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad. Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Daleya Abdulaziz Bardi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nahla Saeed Al-Wajeeh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdulwali Ablat
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Norazit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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