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Valenta H, Dupré-Crochet S, Abdesselem M, Bizouarn T, Baciou L, Nüsse O, Deniset-Besseau A, Erard M. Consequences of the constitutive NOX2 activity in living cells: Cytosol acidification, apoptosis, and localized lipid peroxidation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119276. [PMID: 35489654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is a key enzyme of the innate immune system generating superoxide anions (O2•-), precursors of reactive oxygen species. The NOX2 protein complex is composed of six subunits: two membrane proteins (gp91phox and p22phox) forming the catalytic core, three cytosolic proteins (p67phox, p47phox and p40phox) and a small GTPase Rac. The sophisticated activation mechanism of the NADPH oxidase relies on the assembly of cytosolic subunits with the membrane-bound components. A chimeric protein, called 'Trimera', composed of the essential domains of the cytosolic proteins p47phox (aa 1-286), p67phox (aa 1-212) and full-length Rac1Q61L, enables a constitutive and robust NOX2 activity in cells without the need of any stimulus. We employed Trimera as a single activating protein of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in living cells and examined the consequences on the cell physiology of this continuous and long-term NOX activity. We showed that the sustained high level of NOX activity causes acidification of the intracellular pH, triggers apoptosis and leads to local peroxidation of lipids in the membrane. These local damages to the membrane correlate with the strong tendency of the Trimera to clusterize in the plasma membrane observed by FRET-FLIM microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Valenta
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mouna Abdesselem
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tania Bizouarn
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Oliver Nüsse
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ariane Deniset-Besseau
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Erard
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Grigoruta M, Chavez-Solano M, Varela-Ramirez A, Sierra-Fonseca JA, Orozco-Lucero E, Hamdan JN, Gosselink KL, Martinez-Martinez A. Maternal separation induces retinal and peripheral blood mononuclear cell alterations across the lifespan of female rats. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147117. [PMID: 32971085 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress alters the function and feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, and can contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by modifying peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activity. The retina, as part of the nervous system, is sensitive to immune changes induced by stress. However, the consequences of stress experienced at an early age on retinal development have not yet been elucidated. Here we aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal separation (MatSep) across three stages of the lifespan (adolescent, adult, and aged) on the retina, as well as on progression through the cell cycle and mitochondrial activity in PBMCs from female Wistar rats. Newborn pups were separated from their mother from postnatal day (PND) 2 until PND 14 for 3 h/day. Retinal analysis from the MatSep groups showed architectural alterations such as a diminished thickness of retinal layers, as well as increased expression of proinflammatory markers DJ-1, Iba-1, and CD45 and the gliotic marker GFAP. Additionally, MatSep disrupted the cell cycle and caused long-term increases in mitochondrial activity in PBMCs from adolescent and adult rats. Changes in the cell cycle profile of the PBMCs from aged MatSep rats were undetected. However, these PBMCs exhibited increased sensitivity to H2O2-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Therefore, these results suggest that early life stress can have long-term effects on retinal structure and function, possibly elicited by neonatal immune preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grigoruta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Biomedical Sciences Institute. Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo S/N, Zona Pronaf, 32315 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico; Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, 79968 El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Marbella Chavez-Solano
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Biomedical Sciences Institute. Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo S/N, Zona Pronaf, 32315 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico; Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, 79968 El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, 79968 El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jorge A Sierra-Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, 79968 El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Ernesto Orozco-Lucero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences. Biomedical Sciences Institute. Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo S/N, Zona Pronaf, 32315 Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Jameel N Hamdan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, 79968 El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Kristin L Gosselink
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, 79968 El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Alejandro Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Biomedical Sciences Institute. Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo S/N, Zona Pronaf, 32315 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Psychological distress and lack of PINK1 promote bioenergetics alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9820. [PMID: 32555260 PMCID: PMC7300038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological distress induces oxidative stress and alters mitochondrial metabolism in the nervous and immune systems. Psychological distress promotes alterations in brain metabolism and neurochemistry in wild-type (WT) rats in a similar manner as in Parkinsonian rats lacking endogenous PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a serine/threonine kinase mutated in a recessive forms of Parkinson’s disease. PINK1 has been extensively studied in the brain, but its physiological role in peripheral tissues and the extent to which it intersects with the neuroimmune axis is not clear. We surmised that PINK1 modulates the bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under basal conditions or in situations that promote oxidative stress as psychological distress. By using an XF metabolic bioanalyzer, PINK1-KO-PBMCs showed significantly increased oxidative phosphorylation and basal glycolysis compared to WT cells and correlated with motor dysfunction. In addition, psychological distress enhanced the glycolytic capacity in PINK1-KO-PBMCs but not in WT-PBMCs. The level of antioxidant markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were altered in PINK1-KO-PBMCs and by psychological distress. In summary, our data suggest that PINK1 is critical for modulating the bioenergetics and antioxidant responses in PBMCs whereas lack of PINK1 upregulates compensatory glycolysis in response to oxidative stress induced by psychological distress.
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Barraza-Garza G, Pérez-León JA, Castillo-Michel H, de la Rosa LA, Martinez-Martinez A, Cotte M, Alvarez-Parrilla E. Antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds (PC) at different concentrations in IEC-6 cells: A spectroscopic analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117570. [PMID: 31669938 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PC) have been proposed as natural antioxidant agents that protect cells against oxidative stress-related diseases. Nonetheless, their low bioavailability forecasts controversy about mechanisms on their in vivo scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been proposed that PC reduce directly ROS concentration. An alternative or complementary action of PC could be the activation of the cell's antioxidant pathway, involving the regulation of gene expression, like that initiated by the Nrf2 transcription factor. To date there is not enough experimental data to support or discard this possibility. In the present study, we evaluated the use of several PC to prevent peroxidation of macromolecules and to elicit the activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor in H2O2-stresed IEC-6 enterocytic cell line. Synchrotron microspectroscopy demonstrated that PC compounds protected proteins, lipids and nucleic acids against oxidation induced by H2O2. Immunofluorescence results showed that treatment with quercetin (Qc), catechin (Cat) and capsaicin (Cap) induced the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, at the same level as did H2O2 treatment, thus mimicking the action of the endogenous cell response to peroxidation. Even though the detailed mechanism still needs to be elucidated, we demonstrated the activation of Nrf2 by PCs in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barraza-Garza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Juárez, Mexico
| | - J A Pérez-León
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Juárez, Mexico
| | - H Castillo-Michel
- X-ray and Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - L A de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Juárez, Mexico
| | - A Martinez-Martinez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Juárez, Mexico
| | - M Cotte
- X-ray and Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - E Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Juárez, Mexico.
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Applicability of FTIR-ATR Method to Measure Carbonyls in Blood Plasma after Physical and Mental Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2181370. [PMID: 31032337 PMCID: PMC6457301 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2181370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses. It results in the oxidation of all cellular elements and, to a large extent, proteins, causing inter alia the formation of carbonyl groups in their structures. The study focused on assessment of changes in the plasma protein-bound carbonyls in police horses after combat training and after rest and the applicability of infrared spectroscopy with a Fourier transform, utilizing the attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) in detecting plasma protein oxidation. Methods We evaluated the influence of both the different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and combat training on protein carbonylation in horse blood plasma. The oxidation of plasma proteins was assessed using a spectrophotometric method based on the carbonyl groups derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The measured values were correlated with the carbonyl groups concentrations determined by means of the FTIR-ATR method. Results The linear correlation between the DNPH and FTIR-ATR methods was shown. The concentration of plasma protein-bound carbonyls significantly deceased in police horses after one-day rest when compared to the values measured directly after the combat training (a drop by 23%, p<0.05 and 29%, p<0.01 measured by DNPH and FTIR-ATR methods, respectively). These results were consistent with the proteins phosphorylation analysis. Conclusion The FTIR-ATR method may be applied to measure the level of plasma proteins peroxidation.
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Grigoruţă M, Vargas-Caraveo A, Vázquez-Mayorga E, Castillo-Michel HA, Díaz-Sánchez ÁG, Reyes-Herrera J, Martínez-Martínez A. Blood mononuclear cells as speculum of emotional stress analyzed by synchrotron infrared spectroscopy and a nootropic drug. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:475-483. [PMID: 29966903 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress is an important public health issue which generates behavioral changes, anxiety, immunosuppression and oxidative damage. Piracetam is a cognitive enhancer, at cellular level it protects from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of psychological stress and of piracetam on circulating mononuclear cells by analyzing the biochemical spectrome using Synchrotron Radiation Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (SR-μFTIR). Rats were exposed for five days to a stressor (cat odor) under oral administration of piracetam (600 mg/kg). SR-μFTIR analysis showed a decrease in bands associated to the lipids region (2852 cm-1, 2923 cm-1 and 2962 cm-1) and an increase absorption of the amide I band (1654 cm-1) under stress conditions. The principal component analysis showed increase oxidation of lipids (decrease of 3010 cm-1, 2923 cm-1 and 2852 cm-1 bands) as well as proteins denaturation (increase of 1610 cm-1 and 1690 cm-1 bands) under stress. Piracetam provided protection to polyunsaturated lipids (p ≤ 0.001) and lipids/proteins ratio (p ≤ 0.001). Behaviorally, this drug diminished fear and anxiety in stressed animals by the plus maze test (p ≤ 0.002). However, this drug induced oxidative stress in mononuclear cells from unstressed animals and altered their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grigoruţă
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310 Cd. Juárez, Mexico
| | | | - Emmanuel Vázquez-Mayorga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310 Cd. Juárez, Mexico
| | | | - Ángel G Díaz-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310 Cd. Juárez, Mexico
| | - Juan Reyes-Herrera
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), B.P. 220, Grenoble, France
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310 Cd. Juárez, Mexico; El Colegio de Chihuahua, Calle Partido Díaz 4723 esquina con Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF, colonia Progresista, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua C.P. 32310, Mexico.
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Volpe MG, Costantini S, Coccia E, Parrillo L, Paolucci M. Evaluation of metabolic changes induced by polyphenols in the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus by metabolomics using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Meléndez-Martínez D, Muñoz JM, Barraza-Garza G, Cruz-Peréz MS, Gatica-Colima A, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Plenge-Tellechea LF. Rattlesnake Crotalus molossus nigrescens venom induces oxidative stress on human erythrocytes. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:24. [PMID: 28439287 PMCID: PMC5399391 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, snake envenomation is a well-known cause of death and morbidity. In many cases of snakebite, myonecrosis, dermonecrosis, hemorrhage and neurotoxicity are present. Some of these symptoms may be provoked by the envenomation itself, but others are secondary effects of the produced oxidative stress that enhances the damage produced by the venom toxins. The only oxidative stress effect known in blood is the change in oxidation number of Fe (from ferrous to ferric) in hemoglobin, generating methemoglobin but not in other macromolecules. Currently, the effects of the overproduction of methemoglobin derived from snake venom are not extensively recorded. Therefore, the present study aims to describe the oxidative stress induced by Crotalus molossus nigrescens venom using erythrocytes. METHODS Human erythrocytes were washed and incubated with different Crotalus molossus nigrescens venom concentrations (0-640 μg/mL). After 24 h, the hemolytic activity was measured followed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, non-denaturing PAGE, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances determination. RESULTS Low concentrations of venom (<10 μg/mL) generates oxyhemoglobin release by hemolysis, whereas higher concentrations produced a hemoglobin shift of valence, producing methemoglobin (>40 μg/mL). This substance is not degraded by proteases present in the venom. By infrared spectroscopy, starting in 80 μg/mL, we observed changes in bands that are associated with protein damage (1660 and 1540 cm-1) and lipid peroxidation (2960, 2920 and 1740 cm-1). Lipid peroxidation was confirmed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance determination, in which differences were observed between the control and erythrocytes treated with venom. CONCLUSIONS Crotalus molossus nigrescens venom provokes hemolysis and oxidative stress, which induces methemoglobin formation, loss of protein structure and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meléndez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Guillermo Barraza-Garza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Martha Sandra Cruz-Peréz
- Herpetario de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Gatica-Colima
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Plenge-Tellechea
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
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Bazin D, Letavernier E, Jouanneau C, Ronco P, Sandt C, Dumas P, Matzen G, Véron E, Haymann JP, Traxer O, Conort P, Daudon M. New insights into the presence of sodium hydrogen urate monohydrate in Randall's plaque. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Novel Redox-Dependent Esterase Activity (EC 3.1.1.2) for DJ-1: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081346. [PMID: 27556455 PMCID: PMC5000742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations the in human DJ-1 (hDJ-1) gene are associated with early-onset autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). hDJ-1/parkinsonism associated deglycase (PARK7) is a cytoprotective multi-functional protein that contains a conserved cysteine-protease domain. Given that cysteine-proteases can act on both amide and ester substrates, we surmised that hDJ-1 possessed cysteine-mediated esterase activity. To test this hypothesis, hDJ-1 was overexpressed, purified and tested for activity towards 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) as µmol of pNPA hydrolyzed/min/mg·protein (U/mg protein). hDJ-1 showed maximum reaction velocity esterase activity (Vmax = 235.10 ± 12.00 U/mg protein), with a sigmoidal fit (S0.5 = 0.55 ± 0.040 mM) and apparent positive cooperativity (Hill coefficient of 2.05 ± 0.28). A PD-associated mutant of DJ-1 (M26I) lacked activity. Unlike its protease activity which is inactivated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), esterase activity of hDJ-1 is enhanced upon exposure to low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (<10 µM) and plateaus at elevated concentrations (>100 µM) suggesting that its activity is resistant to oxidative stress. Esterase activity of DJ-1 requires oxidation of catalytic cysteines, as chemically protecting cysteines blocked its activity whereas an oxido-mimetic mutant of DJ-1 (C106D) exhibited robust esterase activity. Molecular docking studies suggest that C106 and L126 within its catalytic site interact with esterase substrates. Overall, our data show that hDJ-1 contains intrinsic redox-sensitive esterase activity that is abolished in a PD-associated mutant form of the hDJ-1 protein.
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Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Study the Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds in Isolated Rat Enterocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9245150. [PMID: 27213031 PMCID: PMC4861801 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9245150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of different polyphenols, catechin (Cat), quercetin (Qc) (flavonoids), gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CfA), chlorogenic acid (ChA) (phenolic acids), and capsaicin (Cap), against H2O2-induced oxidative stress was evaluated in rat enterocytes using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (FTIRM), and results were compared to standard lipid peroxidation techniques: conjugated dienes (CD) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS). Analysis of ATR-FTIR and FTIRM spectral data allowed the simultaneous evaluation of the effects of H2O2 and polyphenols on lipid and protein oxidation. All polyphenols showed a protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in enterocytes, when administered before or after H2O2. Cat and capsaicin showed the highest protective effect, while phenolic acids had weaker effects and Qc presented a mild prooxidative effect (IR spectral profile of biomolecules between control and H2O2-treated cells) according to FTIR analyses. These results demonstrated the viability to use infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant effect of molecules in cell systems assays.
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Vargas-Caraveo A, Pérez-Ishiwara DG, Martínez-Martínez A. Chronic Psychological Distress as an Inducer of Microglial Activation and Leukocyte Recruitment into the Area Postrema. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:311-21. [PMID: 25765708 DOI: 10.1159/000369350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic psychological distress can cause neuroinflammation, but the involvement of leukocytes in this inflammatory response remains unclear. The area postrema (AP) is considered a neural-immune interface because it lacks a blood-brain barrier and a site for leukocyte recruitment in neuroinflammatory conditions induced by immunological insults, but its role in chronic psychological distress has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To determine leukocyte recruitment to the AP after chronic psychological distress. METHODS Rats were exposed to cat odor for 5 consecutive days to induce distress, and, on the 6th day, their brains were dissected to perform immunohistofluorescence studies of the AP. Immune cells were identified and quantified with CD45 and CD11b markers. The distribution of neurons and immune cells was determined using TrkA and CD45 markers, respectively. RESULTS Distress induced a significant increase in CD45(+) and CD11b(+) cells in the AP. Three immunophenotypes were determined in the control and distress groups: CD45(+)/CD11b(-), CD45(+)/CD11b(+) and CD45(-)/CD11b(+). CD expression, morphology and fluorescence intensity enabled the identification of different immune cell types: starting from longitudinal ramified microglia (mainly in the control group) to amoeboid microglia, monocytes and lymphocytes (mostly in the distressed group). TrkA and CD45 expression in the AP revealed the proximity between soma neurons and leukocytes. Interestingly, some CD45(+) cells expressed TrkA, with increased expression in the distressed group. CONCLUSIONS The identification of microglial activation, leukocyte recruitment and the close proximity between neurons and leukocytes in the AP after chronic psychological distress exposure suggests the AP as a site for distress-induced immune responses and engraftment of leukocytes infiltrating the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Vargas-Caraveo
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, and Centro de Investigación en Biotecnologia Aplicada del IPN, México, México
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