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Density functional theory study of BiRun (n = 3–20) clusters: Structural, electronic and adsorptive properties for hazardous gases. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Duan YJ, Zhao Y, Cheng SB, Wei Q. On the Precise and Continuous Regulation of the Superatomic and Spectroscopic Behaviors of the Quasi-Cubic W 4C 4 Cluster by the Oriented External Electric Field. J Phys Chem A 2021; 126:29-35. [PMID: 34941267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Designing and realizing novel superatoms with controllable and tunable electronic properties is vital for their potential applications in cluster-assembly nanomaterials. Here, we investigated the effect of the oriented external electric field (OEEF) on the geometric and electronic structures as well as the spectroscopic properties of the quasi-cubic W4C4 cluster by utilizing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Compared with traditional models, the OEEF was observed to hold the special capability in continuously and precisely modulating the electronic properties of W4C4, that is, remarkably increasing its electron affinity (EA) (1.58 eV) to 5.61 eV under the 0.040 au OEEF (larger than any halogen atoms in the periodic table), which possesses the superhalogen behavior. Furthermore, the downward movement of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the cluster accompanied by the enhancement of the OEEF intensity was demonstrated to be the origin of the EA increment. Additionally, the photoelectron spectra (PES) of W4C4- were also simulated under different OEEF intensities, where the PES peaks move to a higher energy area following the enhancement of the OEEF strength, exhibiting the blue-shift behavior. These findings observed here open a new avenue in conveniently and precisely adjusting the electronic properties of clusters, which will be beneficial for the rational design of superatoms or superatom-assembled nanomaterials under the external field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Duan
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, People's Republic of China
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Revealing the effect of the oriented external electronic field on the superatom-polymeric Zr 3O 3 cluster: Superhalogen modulation and spectroscopic characteristics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118400. [PMID: 32348920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seeking novel strategies for designing superatoms is of significance for the potential applications in cluster-assembled nanomaterials. Herein, by employing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the effect of the oriented external electronic field (OEEF) on the electronic and photoelectron spectroscopic properties of the superatom-polymeric Zr3O3 cluster was explored. We present the evidence that the increment of the OEEF along all directions results in the remarkable enhancement of the electron affinity (EA) of Zr3O3, which turns it into superhalogen with an EA value of 4.02 eV under 0.020 au OEEF along +y direction. Strikingly, this EA value is larger than that of any halogen atoms in the periodic table. The downward shift of the electronic spectrum induced by the OEEF was confirmed to be the origin of the observed EA enhancement. Furthermore, the investigation of the OEEF's effect on the molecular orbitals (MOs) and photoelectron spectra (PES) of the cluster reveals that the OEEF could alter the electron distribution as well as promoting the blue shift of the PES without changing the spacings between different energetic levels. The OEEF highlighted here provides a new strategy in designing superatoms together with tuning their electronic and spectroscopic properties conveniently and precisely. We wish this finding could stimulate more efforts in designing novel superatoms or superatom-assembled materials from both theory and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Kaur N, Gupta S, Goel N. Understanding structure-activity relation in V xO y clusters of varied stoichiometry and sizes through conceptual density functional approach. J Mol Model 2019; 25:319. [PMID: 31598882 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Computations have been performed on VxOy clusters (with x = 1-8, y = 1-21) to explore their structure, stability, and reactivity based on local and global reactivity descriptors defined within the formalism of density functional theory (DFT). The vertical and adiabatic ionization energies and electron affinities are in accordance with Franck-Condon principle and suggest that the VxOy clusters are more likely to be electron acceptors than donors. The structure and reactivity of VxOy clusters delicately depend on their oxygen content and environment. Distinct active sites have been identified for each cluster species on the basis of coordination, symmetry, and charge distribution. The propensity of all the reactive sites towards an approaching electrophile and/or nucleophile has been studied using local reactivity descriptor. In oxygen-poor clusters, the vanadium atoms are more prone to nucleophilic attack. With an increase in oxygen concentration, the coordination number of vanadium increases and reaches four-fold, the site for nucleophilic attack shifts to terminal oxygens. We conclude that of all the stoichiometries, the stable VxOy clusters have the (VO3)a(V2O5)b formula unit. The localization of positive charge density in cubic cage structure of V8O20 successfully traps halide ions (F-, Cl-, and Br-). In view of increasing use of metal oxide clusters in heterogeneous catalysis, the understanding of structure-activity relationship in vanadium oxides' clusters provided in the current study is highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shuchi Gupta
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Neetu Goel
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Probing the Geometric and Electronic Structures of the Monogadolinium Oxide GdO n-1/0 ( n = 1-4) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8776-8782. [PMID: 30351102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The existence of abundant 4f electrons significantly increases the complexity and difficulty in precisely determining the geometric and electronic structures of the lanthanide oxide clusters. Herein, by combining the photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electronic structure of GdO was investigated. An electron affinity (EA) of 1.16 ± 0.09 eV is obtained, and the measured anisotropy parameter (β) provides direct experimental evidence about the orbital symmetry of the detached electron in GdO-. DFT calculations have been employed to acquire the optimized geometries of the GdO n-1/0 ( n = 2-4) clusters, and multiple activated oxygen species, which are radical, peroxide, superoxide, triradical, and ozonide radical, are found in these oxide clusters. Simulated photoelectron spectra (PES) of the GdO n-1/0 ( n = 2-4) clusters are examined, which may stimulate further experimental investigations on the gadolinium oxide clusters. In addition, the valence molecular orbitals (MOs) of these clusters are also discussed to reveal the interaction between the lanthanide metal (Gd) and O atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China.,Suzhou Institute of Shandong University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Theoretical investigations on the d-p hybridized aromaticity, photoelectron spectroscopy and neutral salts of the LaX 2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:132-138. [PMID: 29874633 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the geometrical and electronic structures of the triatomic LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. Various trail structures and spin states have been attempted to determine the lowest-energy geometries of these La-doped metal clusters. The ground states of all three clusters are calculated to possess the trigonal structures with the singlet multiplicities. The calculations on molecular orbitals (MOs) and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values have been performed to examine the aromatic characteristics of the LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. The present calculations disclose that all these metal clusters are doubly aromatic, namely d-p hybridized σ and π aromaticity resulting from the effective overlap between the 5d atomic orbital of the La atom and the p orbitals of the IIIA group elements. Theoretical vertical detachment energies (VDEs) were also calculated to simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES) of the clusters. In addition, by adding the alkali cations (Li+ and Na+) into the LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters, the geometries and electronic structures of the corresponding neutral salts have also been investigated to gain more insights in the potential of using these aromatic anions as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Xu L, Xia CJ, Wang LF, Xie L, Wang B, Zhang YF, Huang X. Structural evolution, sequential oxidation and chemical bonding in tri-yttrium oxide clusters: Y3Ox− and Y3Ox (x = 0–6). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of regularities for Y3Ox−/0 (x = 0–6) and all-metal aromaticity of the Y3− cluster have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Chan-Juan Xia
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Ling-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Xie
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Xiamen, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Xiamen, PR China
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