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Lai X, Zhong Q, Xiao C, Cowling SJ, Duan P, Bruce DW, Zhu W, Wang Y. Liquid-crystalline circularly polarised fluorescent emitters with a high luminescence dissymmetry factor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2026-2029. [PMID: 38288509 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06000d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Chiral liquid-crystalline emitters based on 9,9-dimethyl-10-(4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)-9,10-dihydroacridine and a functionalised binaphthol show smectic liquid crystal phases and circularly polarised blue fluorescence with a high luminescence dissymmetry factor |glum| of 0.13. Solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on the enantiomers were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Lai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Qihang Zhong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Chen Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Stephen J Cowling
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Pengfei Duan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Duncan W Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Yafei Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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2
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Badía-Domínguez I, Peña-Álvarez M, Wang D, Pérez Guardiola A, Vida Y, Rodríguez González S, López Navarrete JT, Hernández Jolín V, Sancho García JC, García Baonza V, Nash R, Hartl F, Li H, Ruiz Delgado MC. Dynamic Covalent Properties of a Novel Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole Diradical. Chemistry 2021; 27:5509-5520. [PMID: 33474741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and properties of a dicyanomethylene-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazole diradical ICz-CN. This quinoidal system dimerises almost completely to (ICz-CN)2 , which contains two long C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) σ-bonds between the dicyanomethylene units. The minor open-shell ICz-CN component in the solid-state mixture was identified by EPR spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroelectrochemical data, as well as comparison with reference monomer ICz-Br reveal that the nature of the one-electron oxidation of (ICz-CN)2 at ambient temperature and ICz-CN at elevated temperature is very similar in all these compounds due to the prevailing localization of their HOMO on the ICz backbone. The peculiar cathodic behaviour reflects the co-existence of (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN. The involvement of the dicyanomethylene groups stabilizes the close-lying LUMO and LUMO+1 of (ICz-CN)2 and especially ICz-CN compared to ICz-Br, resulting in a distinctive cathodic response at low overpotentials. Differently from neutral ICz-CN, its radical anion and dianion are remarkably stable under ambient conditions. The UV/Vis(-NIR) electronic transitions in parent (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN and their different redox forms have been assigned convincingly with the aid of TD-DFT calculations. The σ-bond in neutral (ICz-CN)2 is cleaved in solution and in the solid-state upon soft external stimuli (temperature, pressure), showing a strong chromism from light yellow to blue-green. Notably, in the solid state, the monomeric diradical species is predominantly formed under high hydrostatic pressure (>1 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Badía-Domínguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miriam Peña-Álvarez
- Present address: Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions & School of, Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.,MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Yolanda Vida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, C/ Severo Ochoa 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández Jolín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan C Sancho García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Valentín García Baonza
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Instituto de Geociencias IGEO (CSIC-UCM), University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosie Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - M Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
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Harvey PD, Sharma GD, Witulski B. Indolo- and Diindolocarbazoles in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D. Harvey
- Departement de chimie, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics, LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli 302017 Jaipur, India
| | - Bernhard Witulski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moleculaire et Thio-organique, CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICaen, Universite de Normandie, 6 Bvd Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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Janosik T, Rannug A, Rannug U, Wahlström N, Slätt J, Bergman J. Chemistry and Properties of Indolocarbazoles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9058-9128. [PMID: 30191712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles which has evolved significantly in recent years, with numerous studies focusing on their diverse biological effects, or targeting new materials with potential applications in organic electronics. This review aims at providing a broad survey of the chemistry and properties of indolocarbazoles from an interdisciplinary point of view, with particular emphasis on practical synthetic aspects, as well as certain topics which have not been previously accounted for in detail, such as the occurrence, formation, biological activities, and metabolism of indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles. The literature of the past decade forms the basis of the text, which is further supplemented with older key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janosik
- Research Institutes of Sweden , Bioscience and Materials, RISE Surface, Process and Formulation , SE-151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johnny Slätt
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet , Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , SE-141 83 Huddinge , Sweden
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Tian J, Huang X, Mao G, Xu F, Chu W, Sun Z. Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and theoretical studies of the novel indolo[3,2-b]indole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Irgashev RA, Kazin NA, Rusinov GL, Charushin VN. Nitration of 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2- b]carbazoles and synthetic applications of their nitro-substituted derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1396-1406. [PMID: 28781705 PMCID: PMC5530725 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new general approach to double nitration of 6,12-di(hetero)aryl-substituted and 6,12-unsubstituted 5,11-dialkyl-5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles by acetyl nitrate has been developed to obtain their 2,8-dinitro and 6,12-dinitro derivatives, respectively. A formation of mono-nitro derivatives (at C-2 or C-6) from the same indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles has also been observed in several cases. Reduction of 2-nitro and 2,8-dinitro derivatives with zinc powder and hydrochloric acid has afforded 2-amino- and 2,8-diamino-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, while reduction of 6,12-dinitro derivatives under similar reaction conditions has been accompanied by denitrohydrogenation of the latter compounds into 6,12-unsubstituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles. Formylation of 6,12-dinitro derivatives has proved to occur only at C-2, while bromination of these compounds has taken place at both C-2 and C-8 of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole scaffold. Moreover, 6,12-dinitro-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles have been modified by the reactions with S- and N-nucleophiles. Notably, the treatment of 6,12-dinitro compounds with potassium thiolates has resulted in the displacement of both nitro groups, unlike potassium salts of indole or carbazole, which have caused substitution of only one nitro group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Irgashev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Nikita A Kazin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Gennady L Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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Synthesis and thermal, electrochemical, photophysical properties of novel symmetric/asymmetric indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives bearing different aryl substituents. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Das T, Debnath S, Maiti R, Maiti DK. Multifold C–C Coupling and Unorthodox Cyclization Catalysis for Selective Synthesis of Indolotriarylmethanes, Indolocarbazoles, and Their Analogues: A Control Experiment Study. J Org Chem 2016; 82:688-700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuluma Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sudipto Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Vlasselaer M, Dehaen W. Synthesis of Linearly Fused Benzodipyrrole Based Organic Materials. Molecules 2016; 21:E785. [PMID: 27322228 PMCID: PMC6273171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to give an overview of the synthetic methods to prepare different indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles and similar systems with a potential use in electro-optical devices such as OLEDs (organic light emitting diode), OPVs (organic photovoltaic) and OFETs (organic field effect transistor). Some further modifications to the core units and their implications for specific applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Vlasselaer
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Gu Y, Lin D, Fei X, Wang C, Li L, Tang Y, Zhou J. Properties, theoretical study and crystal structure of 3-benzothiazole-9-ethyl carbazole. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 31:1229-36. [PMID: 26852696 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound of 3-benzothiazole-9-ethyl carbazole was synthesized by the reaction of 3-aldehyde-9-ethyl carbazole and 2-aminothiophenol. The compound was characterized by (1) H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Its crystal structure was obtained and determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the crystal belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system and the cell parameters of space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) were a = 5.6626 (12) Å, b = 12.606 (3) Å, c = 22.639 (5) Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°, V = 1616.0 (6) Å(3) , Z = 4, Dc = 1.350 mg/m(3) . The UV-vis and fluorescence spectra were also studied preliminarily. The fluorescence spectra of the title compound with bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed that BSA could be marked with the compound and the stability constant between them was 0.82 × 10(7) M(-1) . Meanwhile, the crystal and molecule were theoretically surveyed by density functional tight-binding (DFTB). The results showed that there was an orbital overlap for lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) between the neighbouring molecules for the crystal, which is different from the molecule structure. It was also showed that the crystal structure is a non-conductor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Gu
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dayong Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuening Fei
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cuihong Wang
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yalin Tang
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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