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Jamil S, Gondal HY, Ali A, Hussain A, Akram N, Nisar M, Tahir MN, Ashfaq M, Raza AR, Muhammad S, Cheema ZM, Mustafai A, Sameeh MY. Benzimidazolium quaternary ammonium salts: synthesis, single crystal and Hirshfeld surface exploration supported by theoretical analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231094. [PMID: 38356872 PMCID: PMC10864785 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the broad applications of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), we present the synthesis of benzimidazolium-based analogues with variation in the alkyl and alkoxy group at N-1 and N-3 positions. All the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and found stable to air and moisture both in the solid and solution state. Moreover, molecular structures were established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The crystal packing of the compounds was stabilized by numerous intermolecular interactions explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The enrichment ratio was calculated for the pairs of chemical species to acquire the highest propensity to form contacts. Void analysis was carried out to check the mechanical response of the compounds. Furthermore, theoretical investigations were also performed to explore the optoelectronic properties of compounds. Natural population analysis (NPA) has been conducted to evaluate the distribution of charges on the synthesized compounds, whereas high band gaps of the synthesized compounds by frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis indicated their stability. Nonlinear optical (NLO) analysis revealed that the synthesized QAS demonstrates significantly improved NLO behaviour than the standard urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Jamil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Raza
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, PO Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zain M. Cheema
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Mustafai
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia
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Sharma A, Khanum G, Kumar A, Fatima A, Singh M, Abualnaja KM, Althubeiti K, Muthu S, Siddiqui N, Javed S. Conformational stability, quantum computational, spectroscopic, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation study of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Vidhya V, Austine A, Arivazhagan M. Quantum chemical determination of molecular geometries and spectral investigation of 4-ethoxy-2, 3-difluoro benzamide. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02365. [PMID: 31844688 PMCID: PMC6895590 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the application of density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP with various basis sets which provide the relationship between the structural and spectral properties of 4-ethoxy-2, 3-difluoro benzamide (4EDFB). A Complete vibrational analysis has been performed at the density functional theory (DFT) method with various basis sets in the ground state. The results of vibrational wave numbers are in good agreement with the experimental spectra (Infrared and Raman). Energy gap of the molecule is evaluated using frontier molecular orbital energies (HOMO-LUMO). The frontier energy gap value reveals the chemical reactivity and intermolecular charge transfer occur within the molecule. Global chemical descriptors provide the local and global softness and local reactivity parameters used to identify the nucleophilic and electrophilic behavior of a specific site within the compound. The dimer structure is performed to evaluate the intermolecular hydrogen bond (O-H-O). The title molecule is capable of receiving second harmonic generation (SHG) is due to high value of hyperpolarizability indicates the NLO activity of the molecule. Apart from NLO entities, aromaticity and the molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEP) explain the hydrogen bonding and provide the reactive behavior of the molecule. The Mulliken population analysis leads to redistribution of electron density in the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Vidhya
- Department of Physics, Trichy Engineering College, Trichy, 621132, India
| | - A. Austine
- PG&Research Department of Physics, A.A.Government Arts College, Musiri, 621211, India
| | - M. Arivazhagan
- PG&Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Trichy, 620022, India
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Gayathri R. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the electronic structure and photoelectrical properties of 1, 4-diacetoxy-2-methylnaphthalene for DSSC application. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Renuka CG, Nadaf YF, Sriprakash G, Rajendra Prasad S. Solvent Dependence on Structure and Electronic Properties of 7-(Diethylamino) - 2H -1- Benzopyran-2- one (C-466) Laser Dye. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:839-854. [PMID: 29909477 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C G Renuka
- Department of Physics, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bengaluru, 560056, India
| | - Y F Nadaf
- Department of Physics and Research Center, Maharani Science College for Women, Bengaluru, 560001, India.
| | - G Sriprakash
- Department of Physics and Research Center, Maharani Science College for Women, Bengaluru, 560001, India
| | - S Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570005, India
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Spectroscopic (FT-IR,1H and 13C NMR) characterization and density functional theory calculations for (Z)-5-(4-nitrobenzyliden)-3-N(2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one (ARNO). J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Refractive index, speed of sound, FT-IR and computational study of intermolecular interaction between binary mixtures of 1,8-cineole with o-, m- and p-cresol at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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