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Hassan SA, Fekry RA, Fayez YM, Kelani KM. Continuous wavelet transform for solving the problem of minor components in quantitation of pharmaceuticals: a case study on the mixture of ibuprofen and phenylephrine with its degradation products. BMC Chem 2023; 17:140. [PMID: 37876002 PMCID: PMC10599045 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of minor components represents a challenging problem in spectrophotometric analysis of pharmaceuticals. If one component has a low absorptivity or present in a low concentration compared to the other components, this will hinder its quantitation by spectrophotometric methods. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) as a signal processing technique was utilized to figure out a solution to such a problem. A comparative study was established between traditional derivative spectrophotometry (Numerical Differentiation, ND) and CWT to indicate the advantages and limitations of each technique and possibility of solving the problem of minor components. A mixture of ibuprofen (IBU) and phenylephrine (PHE) with its degradation products forming a ternary mixture was used for comparing the two techniques. The two techniques were applied on raw spectral data and on ratio spectra data resulting in four methods, namely ND, CWT, Derivative Ratio-Zero Crossing (DRZC) and Continuous Wavelet Transform Ratio-Zero Crossing (CWTR-ZC) methods. By comparing the results in laboratory prepared mixtures, CWT technique showed advantages in analysis of mixtures with minor components than ND. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1), where their linearity was established with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9999. The linearity was in the range 3-40 μg/mL for PHE in all methods, while for IBU it was 20-180 and 30-180 μg/mL in CWT and ND methods, respectively. The CWT methods were applied for quantitative determination of the drugs in their dosage form showing the ability of the methods to quantitate minor components in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Reham A Fekry
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-Hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th district, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Fayez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Khadiga M Kelani
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Cięszczyk S, Skorupski K, Wawrzyk M, Panas P. A Wavelet Derivative Spectrum Length Method of TFBG Sensor Demodulation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2295. [PMID: 36850891 PMCID: PMC9965686 DOI: 10.3390/s23042295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibre optic sensors using tilted fibre Bragg grating (TFBG) have high sensitivity for refractive index measurements. In order to achieve good metrological parameters of the measurement, an appropriate method of spectrum demodulation must be used. The method proposed in the article is an improvement of the spectral length algorithm. The spectral length parameter is treated as the sum of the derivative filter responses. In the original version, the first difference of spectrum elements was used, while this article proposes to use the wavelet transform to calculate the numerical derivative approximation. The advantage of this solution is an easy way to select the level of smoothing filtration by changing the scale parameter. The derivation is appropriate even for a relatively low signal-to-noise level. The approximation of the spectral length by the derivative calculated using the wavelet transform eliminates the high-frequency noise of the optical signal. The absolute value of determined spectral derivatives after significant smoothing can be used to estimate the wavelength of the decay of modes. After analyzing experimental data and performing calculations, it turns out that this is a linear method with better resolution than the contour length algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Cięszczyk
- Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skorupski
- Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Martyna Wawrzyk
- Doctoral School, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38D/406, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Panas
- Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Facile separation of four co-formulated ternary antihypertensive drug combinations with a customized elution protocol using supercritical fluid chromatography. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hassan SA, Nashat NW, Elghobashy MR, Abbas SS, Moustafa AA. Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC and CE Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Bisoprolol and Perindopril in Pharmaceutical Formulation: A Comparative Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:747-758. [PMID: 32705119 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Two fast, accurate and selective stability-indicating methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol, perindopril and three of their possible degradation products. The first proposed method was a gradient reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, whereas the second was a capillary electrophoresis method. The structures of the obtained degradation products were elucidated using infrared and mass spectrometry. They were also confirmed to be either a drug impurity in the British Pharmacopoeia or a precursor to such impurity. The linearity for bisoprolol and perindopril was achieved in the range of 1-20 μg mL-1 and 5-30 μg mL-1 for HPLC and capillary electrophoresis methods, respectively. The proposed methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The HPLC method proved to be more sensitive and succeeded in the quantitative determination of the obtained degradation products. Also, it was able to quantify perindopril impurity up to three times lower than the desired limit set by the British Pharmacopoeia. They were successfully employed in the determination of bisoprolol and perindopril in their combined pharmaceutical formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nancy W Nashat
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Azza A Moustafa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Mid-Infrared Tunable Laser-Based Broadband Fingerprint Absorption Spectroscopy for Trace Gas Sensing: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of gaseous chemical substances exhibit fundamental rovibrational absorption bands in the mid-infrared spectral region (2.5–25 μm), and the absorption of light by these fundamental bands provides a nearly universal means for their detection. A main feature of optical techniques is the non-intrusive in situ detection of trace gases. We reviewed primarily mid-infrared tunable laser-based broadband absorption spectroscopy for trace gas detection, focusing on 2008–2018. The scope of this paper is to discuss recent developments of system configuration, tunable lasers, detectors, broadband spectroscopic techniques, and their applications for sensitive, selective, and quantitative trace gas detection.
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Nazari M, Sani HM, Kayhani MH, Daghighi Y. DIFFERENT STAGES OF LIQUID FILM GROWTH IN A MICROCHANNEL: TWO-PHASE LATTICE BOLTZMANN STUDY. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180353s20160700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hassan SA, Abdel-Gawad SA. Application of wavelet and Fuorier transforms as powerful alternatives for derivative spectrophotometry in analysis of binary mixtures: A comparative study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:365-371. [PMID: 29055281 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two signal processing methods, namely, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and the second was Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) were introduced as alternatives to the classical Derivative Spectrophotometry (DS) in analysis of binary mixtures. To show the advantages of these methods, a comparative study was performed on a binary mixture of Naltrexone (NTX) and Bupropion (BUP). The methods were compared by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures of the two drugs. By comparing performance of the three methods, it was proved that CWT and DFT methods are more efficient and advantageous in analysis of mixtures with overlapped spectra than DS. The three signal processing methods were adopted for the quantification of NTX and BUP in pure and tablet forms. The adopted methods were validated according to the ICH guideline where accuracy, precision and specificity were found to be within appropriate limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo ET-11562, Egypt.
| | - Sherif A Abdel-Gawad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo ET-11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin-Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Simultaneous removal of Cu2+
and Cr3+
ions from aqueous solution based on Complexation with Eriochrome cyanine-R and derivative spectrophotometric method. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hassan SA, Elzanfaly ES, El-Zeany SBA, Salem MY. Development and validation of HPLC and CE methods for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin in the presence of their acidic degradation products in tablets. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2016; 66:479-490. [PMID: 27749253 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two methods were developed for separation and quantitation of amlodipine (AML) and atorvastatin (ATV) in the presence of their acidic degradation products. The first method was a simple isocratic RP-HPLC method while the second was capillary electrophoresis (CE). Degradation products were obtained by acidic hydrolysis of the two drugs and their structures were elucidated for the first time by IR and MS spectra. Degradation products did not interfere with the determination of either drug and the assays were therefore stability-indicating. The linearity of the proposed methods was established over the ranges 1-50 μg mL-1 for AML and ATV in the HPLC method and in the range of 3-50 and 4-50 μg mL-1 for AML and ATV, respectively, in the CE method. The proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The methods were successfully applied to estimation of AML and ATV in combined tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A. Hassan
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Elzanfaly
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem Badr A. El-Zeany
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maissa Y. Salem
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Hegazy MA, Lotfy HM, Mowaka S, Mohamed EH. Evaluation of the efficiency of continuous wavelet transform as processing and preprocessing algorithm for resolution of overlapped signals in univariate and multivariate regression analyses; an application to ternary and quaternary mixtures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 164:15-23. [PMID: 27070527 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wavelets have been adapted for a vast number of signal-processing applications due to the amount of information that can be extracted from a signal. In this work, a comparative study on the efficiency of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) as a signal processing tool in univariate regression and a pre-processing tool in multivariate analysis using partial least square (CWT-PLS) was conducted. These were applied to complex spectral signals of ternary and quaternary mixtures. CWT-PLS method succeeded in the simultaneous determination of a quaternary mixture of drotaverine (DRO), caffeine (CAF), paracetamol (PAR) and p-aminophenol (PAP, the major impurity of paracetamol). While, the univariate CWT failed to simultaneously determine the quaternary mixture components and was able to determine only PAR and PAP, the ternary mixtures of DRO, CAF, and PAR and CAF, PAR, and PAP. During the calculations of CWT, different wavelet families were tested. The univariate CWT method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. While for the development of the CWT-PLS model a calibration set was prepared by means of an orthogonal experimental design and their absorption spectra were recorded and processed by CWT. The CWT-PLS model was constructed by regression between the wavelet coefficients and concentration matrices and validation was performed by both cross validation and external validation sets. Both methods were successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayam M Lotfy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University, 12311, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mowaka
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, 11837 El-Sherouk City, Egypt; Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ekram Hany Mohamed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, 11837 El-Sherouk City, Egypt.
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Mohamed HM, Lamie NT. Application and validation of superior spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of ternary mixture used for hypertension management. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 155:103-110. [PMID: 26590480 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TL), Hydrochlorothiazide (HZ) and Amlodipine besylate (AM) are co-formulated together for hypertension management. Three smart, specific and precise spectrophotometric methods were applied and validated for simultaneous determination of the three cited drugs. Method A is the ratio isoabsorptive point and ratio difference in subtracted spectra (RIDSS) which is based on dividing the ternary mixture of the studied drugs by the spectrum of AM to get the division spectrum, from which concentration of AM can be obtained by measuring the amplitude values in the plateau region at 360nm. Then the amplitude value of the plateau region was subtracted from the division spectrum and HZ concentration was obtained by measuring the difference in amplitude values at 278.5 and 306nm (corresponding to zero difference of TL) while the total concentration of HZ and TL in the mixture was measured at their isoabsorptive point in the division spectrum at 278.5nm (Aiso). TL concentration is then obtained by subtraction. Method B; double divisor ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry (RS-DS) and method C; mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR) spectrophotometric methods. The proposed methods did not require any initial separation steps prior the analysis of the three drugs. A comparative study was done between the three methods regarding their; simplicity, sensitivity and limitations. Specificity was investigated by analyzing the synthetic mixtures containing different ratios of the three studied drugs and their tablets dosage form. Statistical comparison of the obtained results with those found by the official methods was done, differences were non-significant in regard to accuracy and precision. The three methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and can be used for quality control laboratories for TL, HZ and AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Mohamed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine T Lamie
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Hassan SA, Elzanfaly ES, Salem MY, El-Zeany BA. Mean centering of double divisor ratio spectra, a novel spectrophotometric method for analysis of ternary mixtures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:132-142. [PMID: 26298680 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of ternary mixtures without previous separation, showing significant advantages over conventional methods. The new method is based on mean centering of double divisor ratio spectra. The mathematical explanation of the procedure is illustrated. The method was evaluated by determination of model ternary mixture and by the determination of Amlodipine (AML), Aliskiren (ALI) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in laboratory prepared mixtures and in a commercial pharmaceutical preparation. For proper presentation of the advantages and applicability of the new method, a comparative study was established between the new mean centering of double divisor ratio spectra (MCDD) and two similar methods used for analysis of ternary mixtures, namely mean centering (MC) and double divisor of ratio spectra-derivative spectrophotometry (DDRS-DS). The method was also compared with a reported one for analysis of the pharmaceutical preparation. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and accuracy, precision, repeatability and robustness were found to be within the acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Hassan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Elzanfaly
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maissa Y Salem
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Badr A El-Zeany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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