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Ma X, Guo X, Lin B, Wang H, Dong Q, Huang S, Li L, Zang H. Detection and analysis of hyaluronic acid raw materials from different sources by NIR and aquaphotomics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:537-550. [PMID: 38180114 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01963b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a polysaccharide, is widely used for its essential physiological functions. Although the structures of low molecular weight HA produced by both acid and enzyme degradation methods are extremely similar, there are still differences due to the different degradation principles. There is currently no clear way to distinguish between HA prepared by acidolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. Based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and aquaphotomics technology, a method for distinguishing HA raw materials and their mixtures from different sources was proposed, and HA with different mixed ratios was accurately quantified. First, NIR spectra of the HA samples were collected. The spectra were then preprocessed to improve the spectral resolution. Spectral information was extracted based on wavelet transform and principal component analysis, resulting in a final selection of 12 characteristic wavelengths containing classification information. The discriminative and quantitative models were then constructed using the 12 wavelengths. The discriminative model achieved a 100% identification rate for HA from different sources. The correlation coefficient of calibration (Rc), validation (Rp), external test (Rt), root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV), calibration (RMSEC), validation (RMSEP), and external test (RMSET) of the mixed proportion quantitative model were 0.9876, 0.9876, 0.9898, 0.0546, 0.0433, 0.0440, and 0.0347, respectively. In this study, the problem of structural similarity and non-identifiability of HA produced by acidolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis was addressed, and quality monitoring of HA feedstock in HA circulating links was achieved. This is the first time to achieve accurate quantification of solid mixtures using the aquaphotomics method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Ma
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xueping Guo
- Bloomage Biotechnol Corp Ltd, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Boran Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Dong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Siling Huang
- Bloomage Biotechnol Corp Ltd, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Lian Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
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Chen H, He Y. Machine Learning Approaches in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:91-131. [PMID: 34931589 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML), as a branch of artificial intelligence, acquires the potential and meaningful rules from the mass of data via diverse algorithms. Owing to all research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) belonging to the digitalization of clinical records or experimental works, a massive and complex amount of data has become an inextricable part of the related studies. It is thus not surprising that ML approaches, as novel and efficient tools to mine the useful knowledge from data, have created inroads in a diversity of scopes of TCM over the past decade of years. However, by browsing lots of literature, we find that not all of the ML approaches perform well in the same field. Upon further consideration, we infer that the specificity may inhere between the ML approaches and their applied fields. This systematic review focuses its attention on the four categories of ML approaches and their eight application scopes in TCM. According to the function, ML approaches are classified into four categories, including classification, regression, clustering, and dimensionality reduction, and into 14 models as follows in more detail: support vector machine, least square-support vector machine, logistic regression, partial least squares regression, k-means clustering, hierarchical cluster analysis, artificial neural network, back propagation neural network, convolutional neural network, decision tree, random forest, principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The eight common applied fields are divided into two parts: one for TCM, such as the diagnosis of diseases, the determination of syndromes, and the analysis of prescription, and the other for the related researches of Chinese herbal medicine, such as the quality control, the identification of geographic origins, the pharmacodynamic material basis, the medicinal properties, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Additionally, this paper discusses the function and feature difference among ML approaches when they are applied to the corresponding fields via comparing their principles. The specificity of each approach to its applied fields has also been affirmed, whereby laying a foundation for subsequent studies applying ML approaches to TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
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Tan C, Chen H, Lin Z. Detection of glibenclamide adulterated in antidiabetic Chinese patent medicine by attenuated total reflectance -infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119723. [PMID: 33780893 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There have been many reports of adulterated Chinese patent medicine with synthetic prescription that are claimed to be "pure natural". The present work investigates the feasibility of combining attenuated total reflectance-Mid-infrared (ATR-MIR) spectroscopy and several interval-based PLS algorithms for detecting the glibenclamide illegally adulterated in antidiabetic Chinese patent medicine (Jiangtangning). The full-spectrum PLS, four kinds of traditional interval PLS algorithms (iPLS, biPLS, siPLS and mwPLS) and a modified algorithm, i.e., a combination of mwPLS and window size optimization, named cmwPLS, were used for building calibration models. A total of 21 samples adulterated with 0-3.5% glibenclamide were prepared. The dataset was equally split into a training set and a test set for building and testing the prediction models, respectively. For those interval-based PLS, the whole wavenumber axis was divided into 20 sub-intervals. In terms of the prediction on the test set, the new cmwPLS produce the best model, followed by mwPLS. The modified algorithm can optimize automatically the window width (i.e., the number of adjacent variables used for modeling) and position. It can be concluded that cmwPLS coupled with ATR-MIR technique is a good alternative to other traditional chemical analysis for detecting the adulteration of Chinese patent medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China; Hospital, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Zan Lin
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China; Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Machine learning applied to near-infrared spectra for clinical pleural effusion classification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9411. [PMID: 33941795 PMCID: PMC8093263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPE) have a particular poor prognosis. It is crucial to distinguish MPE from benign pleural effusion (BPE). The present study aims to develop a rapid, convenient and economical diagnostic method based on FTIR near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with machine learning strategy for clinical pleural effusion classification. NIRS spectra were recorded for 47 MPE samples and 35 BPE samples. The sample data were randomly divided into train set (n = 62) and test set (n = 20). Partial least squares, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting machine models were trained, and subsequent predictive performance were predicted on the test set. Besides the whole spectra used in modeling, selected features using SVM recursive feature elimination algorithm were also investigated in modeling. Among those models, NIRS combined with SVM showed the best predictive performance (accuracy: 1.0, kappa: 1.0, and AUCROC: 1.0). SVM with the top 50 feature wavenumbers also displayed a high predictive performance (accuracy: 0.95, kappa: 0.89, AUCROC: 0.99). Our study revealed that the combination of NIRS and machine learning is an innovative, rapid, and convenient method for clinical pleural effusion classification, and worth further evaluation.
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Jin TT, Liu FJ, Jiang Y, Wang L, Lu X, Li P, Li HJ. Molecular-networking-guided discovery of species-specific markers for discriminating five medicinal Paris herbs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153542. [PMID: 33799225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paridis Rhizoma (PR) is a famous traditional herbal medicine. Apart from two officially recorded species, viz. Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. - Mazz. (PPY) and P. polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara (PPC), there are still many other species used as folk medicine. It is necessary to understand the metabolic differences among Paris species. PURPOSE To establish a strategy that can discover species-specific steroidal saponin markers to distinguish closely-related Paris herbs for quality and safety control. METHODS A new strategy of molecular-networking-guided discovery of species-specific markers was proposed. Firstly, the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was applied to obtain the MS and MS/MS data of all samples. Then, molecular networking (MN) was created using MS/MS data to prescreen the steroidal saponins for subsequent analysis. Next, the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were established to discover potential markers. Finally, the verification, identification and distribution of chemical markers were performed. RESULTS A total of 126 steroidal saponins were screened out from five species using MN. Five species were classified successfully by OPLS-DA model, and 18 species-specific markers were discovered combining the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value, P value (one-way ANOVA) and their relative abundance. These markers could predict the species of Paris herbs correctly. CONCLUSION These results revealed that this new strategy could be an efficient way for chemical discrimination of medicinal herbs with close genetic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of chemical engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Long Wang
- College of chemical engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ma H, Pan H, Pan D, Ni H, Feng X, Liu X, Chen Y, Wu Y, Luo N. Rapid monitoring approaches for concentration process of lanqin oral solution by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric models. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118792. [PMID: 32805551 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative detection methods based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) have been proposed in the process analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years. In this study, rapid monitoring methods were developed for quality control of concentration process of lanqin oral solution (LOS). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) method was adopted to construct quantitative models for epigoitrin, geniposide, baicalin, berberine hydrochloride and density. Simultaneously, the genetic algorithm joint extreme learning machine (GA-ELM) was first applied in qualitative analysis of NIRs to distinguish end point of concentration process. Results of PLSR models were satisfactory with the relative standard error of calibration valued at 3.80%, 3.75%, 3.79%, 11.5% and 1.22% for epigoitrin, geniposide, baicalin, berberine hydrochloride and density respectively, and the residual predictive deviation values were higher than 3. For qualitative analysis, the GA-ELM model obtained 100% prediction accuracy. The PLSR quantitative models and the end point discrimination model constructed by GA-ELM correspond with the requirements of practical applications. The results indicate that NIRs in combination with chemometrics has great potential in improving the efficiency in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongye Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongyue Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongfei Ni
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuejing Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Niu Luo
- Suzhou ZeDaXingBang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China
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Sun Y, Yuan M, Liu X, Su M, Wang L, Zeng Y, Zang H, Nie L. Comparative analysis of rapid quality evaluation of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) with Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and portable near-infrared spectrometer. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zuo Y, Yang J, Li C, Deng X, Zhang S, Wu Q. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Technology Tool for Monitoring the Steaming Process of Gastrodiae rhizoma with Multiparameters and Chemometrics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8847277. [PMID: 33204575 PMCID: PMC7657684 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8847277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Steaming is a vital unit operation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which greatly affects the active ingredients and the pharmacological efficacy of the products. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has already been widely used as a strong process analytical technology (PAT) tool. In this study, the potential usage of NIR spectroscopy to monitor the steaming process of Gastrodiae rhizoma was explored. About 10 lab scale batches were employed to construct quantitative models to determine four chemical ingredients and moisture change during the steaming process. Gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin B, and parishin A were modeled by different multivariate calibration models (SMLR and PLS), while the content of the moisture was modeled by principal component regression (PCR). In the optimized models, the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) for gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin B, parishin A, and moisture were 0.0181, 0.0143, 0.0132, 0.0244, and 2.15, respectively, and correlation coefficients (R p 2) were 0.9591, 0.9307, 0.9309, 0.9277, and 0.9201, respectively. Three other batches' results revealed that the accuracy of the model was acceptable and that was specific for next drying step. In addition, the results demonstrated the method was reliable in process performance and robustness. This method holds a great promise to replace current subjective color judgment and time-consuming HPLC or UV/Vis methods and is suitable for rapid online monitoring and quality control in the TCM industrial steaming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zuo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 Renmin South Rd, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Rd, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 Renmin South Rd, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Xuehua Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 Renmin South Rd, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Shengsheng Zhang
- Innovation Laboratory, The Third Experiment Middle School, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Innovation Laboratory, The Third Experiment Middle School, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
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Hao Q, Zhou J, Zhou L, Kang L, Nan T, Yu Y, Guo L. Prediction the contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose, fructo-oligosaccharides and iridoid glycosides in Morinda officinalis radix using near-infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118275. [PMID: 32217454 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Morindae officinalis radix (MOR) is a famous Chinese herbal medicine which has long history of use in medicine and food. MOR and MOR with steaming process (PMOR) are the most commonly used forms in in clinical and health care. In order to establish a fast and mostly nondestructive quality control method for MOR, 183 beaches of MOR samples and 20 beaches of PMOR samples were collected commercially from major producing areas in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi Provinces of China. To predict main components of MOR, a calibration model was established based on near-infrared spectroscopy with partial least square regression. The model was optimized by compared the parameters of root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV), coefficient of correlation (R2) and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD). Comparative studies were performed to evaluate the performance of models by different spectra preprocessing methods and different data set. The results showed that the model performance was improved with standard normal variate spectra preprocessing methods and when the data set contained both MOR and PMOR samples. A few PMOR samples were added to MOR samples data set the model predictive performance could be improved. The contents of 14 components were predicted in MOR with lower RMSEP and RMSECV, and higher R2 and RPD, including fructose (12.8 mg/g, 16.3 mg/g, 0.9873, 10.10), glucose (7.28 mg/g, 8.73 mg/g, 0.9611, 6.21 sucrose (9.24 mg/g, 9.10 mg/g, 0.8419, 1.75), GF2(9.42 mg/g, 11.3 mg/g, 0.8526, 2.03), GF3(7.98 mg/g, 9.20 mg/g, 0.8756, 2.74), GF4(6.81 mg/g, 8.93 mg/g, 0.8663, 3.06), GF5(8.13 mg/g, 8.85 mg/g, 0.9001, 3.06), GF6(6.40 mg/g, 6.95 mg/g, 0.9145, 3.27), GF7(5.53 mg/g, 6.15 mg/g, 0.9195, 3.57), GF8(5.40 mg/g, 6.02 mg/g, 0.9179, 3.31), GF9(3.00 mg/g,4.35 mg/g,0.9446, 5.03),GF10(4.08 mg/g, 5.34 mg/g, 0.8983, 3.62), GF11(8.97 mg/g, 7.70 mg/g, 0.8683, 2.01) and iridoid glycosides (4.12 mg/g, 5.51 mg/g, 0.8712, 2.43). The model established in this paper could predict 14 components of MOR. The results would provide a reference method for the quality control of Chinese medical materials and their process products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiu Hao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica-Infinitus (China) Joint Laboratory Herbs Quality Research, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- University of Jinan, No.336 Westnanxinzhuang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Li Zhou
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica-Infinitus (China) Joint Laboratory Herbs Quality Research, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica-Infinitus (China) Joint Laboratory Herbs Quality Research, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tiegui Nan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica-Infinitus (China) Joint Laboratory Herbs Quality Research, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, The 1st floor, 19 Sicheng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City 510663, China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica-Infinitus (China) Joint Laboratory Herbs Quality Research, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave., Beijing 100700, China.
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Wu XM, Zhang QZ, Wang YZ. Traceability the provenience of cultivated Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 212:132-145. [PMID: 30639599 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The conventional procedures, based on attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR), have been developed for the origins traceability of cultivated Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (PPY) samples with the help of partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest. In this study, a set of 219 batch cultivated PPY samples, containing the cultivation years of 5, 6 and 7, and covering the municipal districts of Chuxiong, Dali, Honghe, Lijiang and Yuxi in Yunnan Province, China, were used to build the discrimination models. Firstly, a visualized analysis was carried out by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) to reduce each data point in a two-dimensional map and make a knowledge of the sample distribution tendency. Secondly, the single spectra data sets of Paridis rhizome and leaf tissues, and the combination of these two data sets with variable selection (mid-level data fusion strategy), were used to establish PLS-DA and random forest models, and parallelly compared the model performance. Results demonstrated that the discrimination ability of PLS-DA preceded the random forest model, and the classification performance was remarkably improved after mid-level data fusion. These results verified each other by 5-, 6- and 7-year old Paridis samples and indicated that the model performance established in the present study was reliable. Besides, five agronomic characters, including the plant height, dry weight of rhizome and leaf tissues, and the allocation of rhizome and leaf were determined and analyzed, results of which indicated that the dry weight and their allocation was significantly different among various origins and fluctuated with the cultivation years. This study was using a comprehensive and green analytical method to discriminate the cultivated Paridis according to their provenances, which was simultaneously benefited for the appropriate cultivation areas selection based on the dry weight of rhizome tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qing-Zhi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China.
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Chen H, Lin Z, Tan C. Fast discrimination of the geographical origins of notoginseng by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:239-245. [PMID: 30172878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Notoginseng is a type of highly valued Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its hemostatic and cardiovascular functions. Notoginseng of Yunnan in China usually commands a premium price and is often the subject of fraudulent practices. The feasibility of combining near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with chemometrics was investigated to discriminate notoginseng of different geographical origins. A total of 250 samples of four different provinces in China were collected and divided equally into the training and test sets. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for observing possible trend of grouping. Two chemometric algorithms including partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used to construct the discriminant models. Standard normal variate (SNV) and first derivative were used for pre-processing spectra. On the independent test set, the PLSDA model outperforms the SIMCA model. When combining both pre-processing methods, the constructed PLSDA model achieved 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity on both the training set and the test set. It indicates that SNV+first derivative pre-processing and PLSDA algorithm can serve as the potential tool of fast discriminating the geographical origins of notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China; Hospital, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Zan Lin
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China.
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Bai G, Zhang T, Hou Y, Ding G, Jiang M, Luo G. From quality markers to data mining and intelligence assessment: A smart quality-evaluation strategy for traditional Chinese medicine based on quality markers. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 44:109-116. [PMID: 29426601 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) forms the foundation of its clinical efficacy. The standardization of TCM is the most important task of TCM modernization. In recent years, there has been great progress in the quality control of TCM. However, there are still many issues related to the current quality standards, and it is difficult to objectively evaluate and effectively control the quality of TCM. PURPOSE To face these challenge, we summarized the current quality marker (Q-marker) research based on its characteristics and benefits, and proposed a reasonable and intelligentized quality evaluation strategy for the development and application of Q-markers. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight with partial least squares-discriminant analysis was suggested to screen the chemical markers from Chinese medicinal materials (CMM), and a bioactive-guided evaluation method was used to select the Q-markers. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), based on the distinctive wavenumber zones or points from the Q-markers, was developed for its determination. Then, artificial intelligence algorithms were used to clarify the complex relationship between the Q-markers and their integral functions. Internet and mobile communication technology helped us to perform remote analysis and determine the information feedback of test samples. CHAPTERS The quality control research, evaluation, standard establishment and quality control of TCM must be based on the systematic analysis of Q-markers to study and describe the material basis of TCM efficacy, define the chemical markers in the plant body, and understand the process of herb drug acquisition, change and transmission laws affecting metabolism and exposure. Based on the advantages of chemometrics, new sensor technologies, including infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, chemical imaging, electronic nose and electronic tongue, have become increasingly important in the quality evaluation of CMM. Inspired by the concept of Q-marker, the quantitation can be achieved with the help of artificial intelligence, and these subtle differences can be discovered, allowing the quantitative analysis by NIRS and providing a quick and easy detection method for CMM quality evaluations. CONCLUSION The concept of Q-markers focused on unique CMM differences, dynamic changes and their transmission and traceability to establish an overall quality control and traceability system. Based on the basic attributes, an integration model and artificial intelligence research path was proposed, with the hope of providing new ideas and perspectives for the TCM quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoan Luo
- Analysis Center, Tsinghua University, Room 139, Building of Life Science, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Lei M, Chen L, Huang B, Chen K. Determination of Magnesium Oxide Content in Mineral Medicine Talcum Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Integrated with Support Vector Machine. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2427-2436. [PMID: 28758413 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817727016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this research paper, a fast, quantitative, analytical model for magnesium oxide (MgO) content in medicinal mineral talcum was explored based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. MgO content in each sample was determined by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) titration and taken as reference value of NIR spectroscopy, and then a variety of processing methods of spectra data were compared to establish a good NIR spectroscopy model. To start, 50 batches of talcum samples were categorized into training set and test set using the Kennard-Stone (K-S) algorithm. In a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model, both leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and training set validation (TSV) were used to screen spectrum preprocessing methods from multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and finally the standard normal variate transformation (SNV) was chosen as the optimal pretreatment method. The modeling spectrum bands and ranks were optimized using PLSR method, and the characteristic spectrum ranges were determined as 11995-10664, 7991-6661, and 4326-3999 cm-1, with four optimal ranks. In the support vector machine (SVM) model, the radical basis function (RBF) kernel function was used. Moreover, the full spectrum data of samples pretreated with SNV, the characteristic spectrum data screened using synergy interval partial least squares (SiPLS), and the scoring data of the first four ranks obtained by a partial least squares (PLS) dimension reduction of characteristic spectrum were taken as input variables of SVM, and the MgO content reference values of various sample were taken as output values. In addition, the SVM model internal parameters were optimized using the grid optimization method (GRID), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) so that the optimal C and g-values were determined and the validation model was established. By comprehensively comparing the validation effects of different models, it can be concluded that the scoring data of the first four ranks obtained by PLS dimension reduction of characteristic spectrum were taken as input variables of SVM, and the PLS-SVM regression model established using GRID was the optimal NIR spectroscopy quantitative model of talc. This PLS-SVM regression model (rank = 4) measured that the MgO content of talcum was in the range of 17.42-33.22%, with root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 2.2127%, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.6057%, and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.2901%. This model showed high accuracy and strong prediction capacity, which can be used for rapid prediction of MgO content in talcum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Lei
- 1 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription & Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Chen
- 1 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription & Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- 2 Nanzhang People's Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Bisheng Huang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription & Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Keli Chen
- 1 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription & Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Qi LM, Zhang J, Zhao YL, Zuo ZT, Jin H, Wang YZ. Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Gentiana rigescens Franch (Gentianaceae) on Different Parts and Cultivations Years by HPLC and FTIR Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:3194146. [PMID: 28656121 PMCID: PMC5471563 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3194146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gentiana rigescens Franch (Gentianaceae) is a famous medicinal plant for treatments of rheumatism, convulsion, and jaundice. Comprehensive investigation of different parts and cultivation years of this plant has not yet been conducted. This study presents the quantitative and qualitative characterization of iridoid glycosides from G. rigescens performed by HPLC and FTIR spectroscopy techniques. The accumulations of loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, and sweroside were determined. Results indicated that their content and distribution in different parts and cultivation years exhibit great variations. Gentiopicroside was identified as the most abundant compound among iridoid glycosides and its highest level was observed in the root of 2-year-old plant. With respect to qualitative variation of metabolic profile, the 1800-800 cm-1 band of FTIR spectra successfully discriminated different parts and cultivation years with the aid of PLS-DA. In addition, combined with PLSR, the feasibility of FTIR spectroscopy for determination of gentiopicroside was investigated by selecting characteristic wavelengths (1800-800 cm-1), which presented a good performance with a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 3.646. Our results suggested that HPLC and FTIR techniques can complement each other and could be simultaneously applied for comparing and analyzing different parts and cultivation years of G. rigescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ming Qi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
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Wang Y, Liu E, Li P. Chemotaxonomic studies of nine Paris species from China based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li K, Wang W, Liu Y, Jiang S, Huang G, Ye L. Near-infrared Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Technology Tool for Monitoring the Parching Process of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Kinds of Chemical Indicators. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:332-337. [PMID: 28539730 PMCID: PMC5421435 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_416_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The active ingredients and thus pharmacological efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at different degrees of parching process vary greatly. OBJECTIVE Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to develop a new method for rapid online analysis of TCM parching process, using two kinds of chemical indicators (5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural [5-HMF] content and 420 nm absorbance) as reference values which were obviously observed and changed in most TCM parching process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three representative TCMs, Areca (Areca catechu L.), Malt (Hordeum Vulgare L.), and Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.), were used in this study. With partial least squares regression, calibration models of NIR were generated based on two kinds of reference values, i.e. 5-HMF contents measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 420 nm absorbance measured by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), respectively. RESULTS In the optimized models for 5-HMF, the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) for Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn was 0.0192, 0.0301, and 0.2600 and correlation coefficients (Rcal) were 99.86%, 99.88%, and 99.88%, respectively. Moreover, in the optimized models using 420 nm absorbance as reference values, the RMSEP for Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn was 0.0229, 0.0096, and 0.0409 and Rcal were 99.69%, 99.81%, and 99.62%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NIR models with 5-HMF content and 420 nm absorbance as reference values can rapidly and effectively identify three kinds of TCM in different parching processes. This method has great promise to replace current subjective color judgment and time-consuming HPLC or UV/Vis methods and is suitable for rapid online analysis and quality control in TCM industrial manufacturing process. SUMMARY Near-infrared spectroscopy.(NIR) was used to develop a new method for online analysis of traditional Chinese medicine.(TCM) parching processCalibration and validation models of Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn were generated by partial least squares regression using 5.(hydroxymethyl) furfural contents and 420.nm absorbance as reference values, respectively, which were main indicator components during parching process of most TCMThe established NIR models of three TCMs had low root mean square errors of prediction and high correlation coefficientsThe NIR method has great promise for use in TCM industrial manufacturing processes for rapid online analysis and quality control. Abbreviations used: NIR: Near-infrared Spectroscopy; TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; Areca: Areca catechu L.; Hawthorn: Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.; Malt: Hordeum vulgare L.; 5-HMF: 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural; PLS: Partial least squares; D: Dimension faction; SLS: Straight line subtraction, MSC: Multiplicative scatter correction; VN: Vector normalization; RMSECV: Root mean square errors of cross-validation; RMSEP: Root mean square errors of validation; Rcal: Correlation coefficients; RPD: Residual predictive deviation; PAT: Process analytical technology; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; ICH: International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Weiying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Su Jiang
- Department of Application, Sichuan Vspec Technologies Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, PR China
| | - Guo Huang
- Department of Application, Sichuan Vspec Technologies Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, PR China
| | - Liming Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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