Temperature-dependent μ-Raman investigation of struvite crystals

Nutrient recovery from digestate: Pilot test experiments

A series of technologies have been employed in pilot-scale to process digestate, i.e. the byproduct remaining after the anaerobic digestion of agricultural and other wastes, with the aim of recovering nutrients and reducing the load of solids and organics from it, hence improving the quality of digestate for potential subsequent reuse. In this case the digestate originated from a mixture of dairy and animal wastes and a small amount of agricultural wastes. It was processed by the application of several treatments, applied in series, i.e. microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, selective electrodialysis and combined UV/ozonation. The initially applied membrane filtration methods (micro- and ultra-filtration) removed most of the suspended solids and macromolecules with a combined efficiency of more than 80%, while the reverse osmosis (at the end) removed almost all the remaining solutes (85-100%), producing sufficiently clarified water, appropriate for potential reuse. In the selective electrodialysis unit over 95% of ammonium and potassium were recovered from the feed, along with 55% of the phosphates. Of the latter, 75% was retrieved in the form of struvite.