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Ebrahimzadeh G, Nodehi RN, Alimohammadi M, Rezaei Kahkah MR, Mahvi AH. Monitoring of caffeine concentration in infused tea, human urine, domestic wastewater and different water resources in southeast of Iran- caffeine an alternative indicator for contamination of human origin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 283:111971. [PMID: 33482452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study was developed to evaluate the caffeine concentration in commercially high-consumed brands of dry black tea, urine of tea consumers, raw and treated wastewater, as well as water resources (WRs) in Zabol city, Iran. Furthermore, a complementary analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between caffeine content and total coliform (TCF) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water sources. In this end, tea (90 samples), urine (90 samples), raw sewage (72 samples), treated sewage (72 samples), and septic tank sewage (36samples) were taken from Zabol city and analyzed in terms of caffeine content. To evaluate the correlation between caffeine and TCF and E. coli, 102 water samples were taken from WRs in Zabol city. Caffeine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, TFC and E. coli were measured based on the procedure outlined by standard methods for water and wastewater examination and the most probable number (MPN) method. The results indicated that the caffeine concentration in different tea brands consumed by Zabol people were in the range of 12.35-18.75 mg/L. The mean caffeine level in the male group' urine (7.08 ± 1.00 μg/mL) was significantly higher than the female group (4.83 ± 1.94 μg/mL). The results showed that the total average amount of caffeine in raw and treated wastewater in Zabol city was 21.04 ± 2.22 and 19.86 ± 2.08 μg/L, respectively. Besides, the caffeine removal efficiency by the Zabol wastewater treatment plant (ZWTP) was found to be between 4.79 and 51.39%. According to the results, the environmental risk associated with caffeine through the discharge of raw and treated wastewater from ZWTP into receiving WRs was estimated to be less than the allowable limit (RQ = 1). The results showed that caffeine could be an indicator for fecal contamination with human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Research Methodology and Data Analysis (CRMDA), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkah
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Panda M, Chandel TI, Kamil M, Khan RH. Fluorescence quenching of chloroquine by Cu2+ in micelles. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Guo J, Cui F. Probing the Binding of Bicyclol and Human Serum Albumin by Multispectral Technologies and Molecular Docking Method. J SOLUTION CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-019-00927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Puchoňová M, Matejová S, Švorec J, Mazúr M, Jorík V, Moncoľ J, Valigura D. Caffeine interactions with salicylatocopper(II) complexes: Supramolecular structure, spectral properties and DFT study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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González N, Lantmann Corral SP, Lista AG, Acebal CC. Novel strategy for fluorescence determination of glibenclamide in samples with high concentration of caffeine based on a low-pressure flow injection chromatography system. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Makarska-Bialokoz M. Comparative study of binding interactions between porphyrin systems and aromatic compounds of biological importance by multiple spectroscopic techniques: A review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 200:263-274. [PMID: 29694930 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The specific spectroscopic and redox properties of porphyrins predestine them to fulfill the role of sensors during interacting with different biologically active substances. Monitoring of binding interactions in the systems porphyrin-biologically active compound is a key question not only in the field of physiological functions of living organisms, but also in environmental protection, notably in the light of the rapidly growing drug consumption and concurrently the production of drug effluents. Not always beneficial action of drugs on natural porphyrin systems induces to further studies, with commercially available porphyrins as the model systems. Therefore the binding process between several water-soluble porphyrins and a series of biologically active compounds (e.g. caffeine, guanine, theophylline, theobromine, xanthine, uric acid) has been studied in different aqueous solutions analyzing their absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectra, the porphyrin fluorescence lifetimes and their quantum yields. The magnitude of the binding and fluorescence quenching constants values for particular quenchers decreases in a series: uric acid > guanine > caffeine > theophylline > theobromine > xanthine. In all the systems studied there are characters of static quenching, as a consequence of the π-π-stacked non-covalent and non-fluorescent complexes formation between porphyrins and interacting compounds, accompanied simultaneously by the additional specific binding interactions. The porphyrin fluorescence quenching can be explain by the photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer from aromatic compound to the center of the porphyrin molecule, playing the role of the binding site. Presented results can be valuable for designing of new fluorescent porphyrin chemosensors or monitoring of drug traces in aqueous solutions. The obtained outcomes have also the toxicological and medical importance, providing insight into the interactions of the water-soluble porphyrins with biologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Makarska-Bialokoz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. C. Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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