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Busov ID, Genaev MA, Komyshev EG, Koval VS, Zykova TE, Glagoleva AY, Afonnikov DA. A pipeline for processing hyperspectral images, with a case of melanin-containing barley grains as an example. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:443-455. [PMID: 39040972 PMCID: PMC11260993 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of hyperspectral images is of great interest in plant studies. Nowadays, this analysis is used more and more widely, so the development of hyperspectral image processing methods is an urgent task. This paper presents a hyperspectral image processing pipeline that includes: preprocessing, basic statistical analysis, visualization of a multichannel hyperspectral image, and solving classification and clustering problems using machine learning methods. The current version of the package implements the following methods: construction of a confidence interval of an arbitrary level for the difference of sample averages; verification of the similarity of intensity distributions of spectral lines for two sets of hyperspectral images on the basis of the Mann-Whitney U-criterion and Pearson's criterion of agreement; visualization in two-dimensional space using dimensionality reduction methods PCA, ISOMAP and UMAP; classification using linear or ridge regression, random forest and catboost; clustering of samples using the EM-algorithm. The software pipeline is implemented in Python using the Pandas, NumPy, OpenCV, SciPy, Sklearn, Umap, CatBoost and Plotly libraries. The source code is available at: https://github.com/igor2704/Hyperspectral_images. The pipeline was applied to identify melanin pigment in the shell of barley grains based on hyperspectral data. Visualization based on PCA, UMAP and ISOMAP methods, as well as the use of clustering algorithms, showed that a linear separation of grain samples with and without pigmentation could be performed with high accuracy based on hyperspectral data. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the distribution of median intensities for samples of images of grains with and without pigmentation. Thus, it was demonstrated that hyperspectral images can be used to determine the presence or absence of melanin in barley grains with great accuracy. The flexible and convenient tool created in this work will significantly increase the efficiency of hyperspectral image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Busov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Genaev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E G Komyshev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V S Koval
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T E Zykova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Y Glagoleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D A Afonnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Zhou F, Liu Y, Xie W, Huang J, Liu F, Kong W, Zhao Z, Peng J. Recent advances and applications of laser-based imaging techniques in food crops and products: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37983168 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2283579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
To meet the growing demand for food quality and safety, there is a pressing need for fast and visible techniques to monitor the food crop and product production processing, and to understand the chemical changes that occur during these processes. Herein, the fundamental principles, instruments, and characteristics of three major laser-based imaging techniques (LBITs), namely, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, are introduced. Additionally, the advances, challenges, and prospects for the application of LBITs in food crops and products are discussed. In recent years, LBITs have played a crucial role in mapping primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, nanoparticles, toxic metals, and mineral elements in food crops, as well as visualizing food adulteration, composition changes, pesticide residue, microbial contamination, and elements in food products. However, LBITs are still facing challenges in achieving accurate and sensitive quantification of compositions due to the complex sample matrix and minimal laser sampling quantity. Thus, further research is required to develop comprehensive data processing strategies and signal enhancement methods. With the continued development of imaging methods and equipment, LBITs have the potential to further explore chemical distribution mechanisms and ensure the safety and quality of food crops and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyue Xie
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Peng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Liu F, Yang R, Chen R, Lamine Guindo M, He Y, Zhou J, Lu X, Chen M, Yang Y, Kong W. Digital techniques and trends for seed phenotyping using optical sensors. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00347-8. [PMID: 37956859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breeding of high-quality, high-yield, and disease-resistant varieties is closely related to food security. The investigation of breeding results relies on the evaluation of seed phenotype, which is a key step in the process of breeding. In the global digitalization trend, digital technology based on optical sensors can perform the digitization of seed phenotype in a non-contact, high throughput way, thus significantly improving breeding efficiency. AIM OF REVIEW This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, characteristics, data processing methods, and bottlenecks associated with three digital technique types based on optical sensors: spectroscopy, digital imaging, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques. In addition, the applicability and adaptability of digital techniques based on the optical sensors of maize seed phenotype traits, namely external visible phenotype (EVP) and internal invisible phenotype (IIP), are investigated. Furthermore, trends in future equipment, platform, phenotype data, and processing algorithms are discussed. This review offers conceptual and practical support for seed phenotype digitization based on optical sensors, which will provide reference and guidance for future research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The digital techniques based on optical sensors can perform non-contact and high-throughput seed phenotype evaluation. Due to the distinct characteristics of optical sensors, matching suitable digital techniques according to seed phenotype traits can greatly reduce resource loss, and promote the efficiency of seed evaluation as well as breeding decision-making. Future research in phenotype equipment and platform, phenotype data, and processing algorithms will make digital techniques better meet the demands of seed phenotype evaluation, and promote automatic, integrated, and intelligent evaluation of seed phenotype, further helping to lessen the gap between digital techniques and seed phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mahamed Lamine Guindo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinhui Yang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Aulia R, Amanah HZ, Lee H, Kim MS, Baek I, Qin J, Cho BK. Protein and lipid content estimation in soybeans using Raman hyperspectral imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1167139. [PMID: 37600204 PMCID: PMC10436576 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1167139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Unlike standard chemical analysis methods involving time-consuming, labor-intensive, and invasive pretreatment procedures, Raman hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can rapidly and non-destructively detect components without professional supervision. Generally, the Kjeldahl methods and Soxhlet extraction are used to chemically determine the protein and lipid content of soybeans. This study is aimed at developing a high-performance model for estimating soybean protein and lipid content using a non-destructive Raman HSI. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) techniques were used to develop the model using a calibration model based on 70% spectral data, and the remaining 30% of the data were used for validation. The results indicate that the Raman HSI, combined with PLSR, resulted in a protein and lipid model Rp2 of 0.90 and 0.82 with Root Mean Squared Error Prediction (RMSEP) 1.27 and 0.79, respectively. Additionally, this study successfully used the Raman HSI approach to create a prediction image showing the distribution of the targeted components, and could predict protein and lipid based on a single seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizkiana Aulia
- Department of Smart Agricultural System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanim Z. Amanah
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hongseok Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon S. Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Insuck Baek
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Jianwei Qin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Smart Agricultural System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Liu Z, Zhou H, Huang M, Zhu Q, Qin J, Kim MS. Packaged butter adulteration evaluation based on spatially offset Raman spectroscopy coupled with FastICA. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dong D, Nagasubramanian K, Wang R, Frei UK, Jubery TZ, Lübberstedt T, Ganapathysubramanian B. Self-supervised maize kernel classification and segmentation for embryo identification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1108355. [PMID: 37123832 PMCID: PMC10140504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Computer vision and deep learning (DL) techniques have succeeded in a wide range of diverse fields. Recently, these techniques have been successfully deployed in plant science applications to address food security, productivity, and environmental sustainability problems for a growing global population. However, training these DL models often necessitates the large-scale manual annotation of data which frequently becomes a tedious and time-and-resource- intensive process. Recent advances in self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have proven instrumental in overcoming these obstacles, using purely unlabeled datasets to pre-train DL models. Methods Here, we implement the popular self-supervised contrastive learning methods of NNCLR Nearest neighbor Contrastive Learning of visual Representations) and SimCLR (Simple framework for Contrastive Learning of visual Representations) for the classification of spatial orientation and segmentation of embryos of maize kernels. Maize kernels are imaged using a commercial high-throughput imaging system. This image data is often used in multiple downstream applications across both production and breeding applications, for instance, sorting for oil content based on segmenting and quantifying the scutellum's size and for classifying haploid and diploid kernels. Results and discussion We show that in both classification and segmentation problems, SSL techniques outperform their purely supervised transfer learning-based counterparts and are significantly more annotation efficient. Additionally, we show that a single SSL pre-trained model can be efficiently finetuned for both classification and segmentation, indicating good transferability across multiple downstream applications. Segmentation models with SSL-pretrained backbones produce DICE similarity coefficients of 0.81, higher than the 0.78 and 0.73 of those with ImageNet-pretrained and randomly initialized backbones, respectively. We observe that finetuning classification and segmentation models on as little as 1% annotation produces competitive results. These results show SSL provides a meaningful step forward in data efficiency with agricultural deep learning and computer vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dong
- Ames High School, Ames, IA, United States
- Translational AI Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Koushik Nagasubramanian
- Translational AI Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ruidong Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ursula K. Frei
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Talukder Z. Jubery
- Translational AI Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Talukder Z. Jubery, ; Baskar Ganapathysubramanian,
| | | | - Baskar Ganapathysubramanian
- Translational AI Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Talukder Z. Jubery, ; Baskar Ganapathysubramanian,
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7
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Jin Y, Tian H, Gao Z, Yang G, Dong D. Oil content analysis of corn seeds using a hand-held Raman spectrometer and spectral peak decomposition algorithm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174747. [PMID: 37077627 PMCID: PMC10106593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, non-destructive and reliable detection of the oil content of corn seeds is important for development of high-oil corn. However, determination of the oil content is difficult using traditional methods for seed composition analysis. In this study, a hand-held Raman spectrometer was used with a spectral peak decomposition algorithm to determine the oil contents of corn seeds. Mature and waxy Zhengdan 958 corn seeds and mature Jingke 968 corn seeds were analyzed. Raman spectra were obtained in four regions of interest in the embryo of the seed. After analysis of the spectra, a characteristic spectral peak for the oil content was identified. A Gaussian curve fitting spectral peak decomposition algorithm was used to decompose the characteristic spectral peak of oil at 1657 cm-1. This peak was used to determine the Raman spectral peak intensity for the oil content in the embryo and differences in the oil contents among seeds of varying maturity and different varieties. This method is feasible and effective for detection of corn seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jin
- School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guiyan Yang,
| | - Daming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xu P, Sun W, Xu K, Zhang Y, Tan Q, Qing Y, Yang R. Identification of Defective Maize Seeds Using Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with Deep Learning. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010144. [PMID: 36613360 PMCID: PMC9818215 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed quality affects crop yield and the quality of agricultural products, and traditional identification methods are time-consuming, complex, and irreversibly destructive. This study aims to establish a fast, non-destructive, and effective approach for defect detection in maize seeds based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology combined with deep learning. Raw spectra collected from maize seeds (200 each healthy and worm-eaten) were pre-processed using detrending (DE) and multiple scattering correction (MSC) to highlight the spectral differences between samples. A convolutional neural network architecture (CNN-FES) based on a feature selection mechanism was proposed according to the importance of wavelength in the target classification task. The results show that the subset of 24 feature wavelengths selected by the proposed CNN-FES can capture important feature information in the spectral data more effectively than the conventional successive projections algorithm (SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithms. In addition, a convolutional neural network architecture (CNN-ATM) based on an attentional classification mechanism was designed for one-dimensional spectral data classification and compared with three commonly used machine learning methods, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). The results show that the classification performance of the designed CNN-ATM on the full wavelength does not differ much from the above three methods, and the classification accuracy is above 90% on both the training and test sets. Meanwhile, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CNN-ATM based on feature wavelength modeling can reach up to 97.50%, 98.28%, and 96.77% at the highest, respectively. The study shows that hyperspectral imaging-based defect detection of maize seed is feasible and effective, and the proposed method has great potential for the processing and analysis of complex hyperspectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenbin Sun
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qian Tan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yiren Qing
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ranbing Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0898-66267576
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9
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Zhou M, Wang L, Wu H, Li Q, Li M, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Lu Z, Zou Z. Machine learning modeling and prediction of peanut protein content based on spectral images and stoichiometry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Szpunar-Krok E, Depciuch J, Drygaś B, Jańczak-Pieniążek M, Mazurek K, Pawlak R. The Influence of Biostimulants Used in Sustainable Agriculture for Antifungal Protection on the Chemical Composition of Winter Wheat Grain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12998. [PMID: 36293578 PMCID: PMC9603211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192012998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Field studies were conducted from 2016 to 2019 (south-eastern Poland; 49°58'40.6″ N 22°33'11.3″ E) with the aim to identify the chemical composition of winter wheat grain upon foliar application of biostimulants, of which PlanTonic BIO (containing nettle and willow extracts) showed antifungal activity. The main chemical compositions and their spatial distribution in wheat grain were characterized by Raman spectroscopy technique. It was established that applied biostimulants and hydro-thermal conditions changed the chemical composition of the grain during all the studied years. A similar chemical composition of the grain was achieved in plants treated with synthetic preparations, including both intensive and extensive variants. The second group, in terms of an increase in fatty acid content, consists of grains of plants treated with biostimulants PlanTonic BIO, PlanTonic BIO + Natural Crop and PlanTonic BIO + Biofol Plex. The future of using biostimulants in crop production, including those containing salicylic acid and nettle extracts, appears to be a promising alternative to synthetic crop protection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szpunar-Krok
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Drygaś
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 2D St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Renata Pawlak
- Biostyma Sp. z o.o., Sikorskiego 38 St., 62-300 Września, Poland
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Zhang C, Huang W, Liang X, He X, Tian X, Chen L, Wang Q. Slight crack identification of cottonseed using air-coupled ultrasound with sound to image encoding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:956636. [PMID: 36186064 PMCID: PMC9520625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Slight crack of cottonseed is a critical factor influencing the germination rate of cotton due to foamed acid or water entering cottonseed through testa. However, it is very difficult to detect cottonseed with slight crack using common non-destructive detection methods, such as machine vision, optical spectroscopy, and thermal imaging, because slight crack has little effect on morphology, chemical substances or temperature. By contrast, the acoustic method shows a sensitivity to fine structure defects and demonstrates potential application in seed detection. This paper presents a novel method to detect slightly cracked cottonseed using air-coupled ultrasound with a light-weight vision transformer (ViT) and a sound-to-image encoding method. The echo signal of air-coupled ultrasound from cottonseed is obtained by non-contact and non-destructive methods. The intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of ultrasound signal are obtained as the sound features using variational mode decomposition (VMD) approach. Then the sound features are converted into colorful images by a color encoding method. This method uses different colored lines to represent the changes of different values of IMFs according to the specified encoding period. A light-weight MobileViT method is utilized to identify the slightly cracked cottonseeds using encoding colorful images corresponding to cottonseeds. The experimental results show an average overall recognition accuracy of 90.7% for slightly cracked cottonseed from normal cottonseed, which indicates that the proposed method is reliable to applications in detection task of cottonseed with slight crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin He
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Long Y, Wang Q, Tian X, Zhang B, Huang W. Screening naturally mildewed maize kernels based on Raman hyperspectral imaging coupled with machine learning classifiers. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Long
- College of Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Xi Tian
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture Beijing China
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13
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Long Y, Zhang C, Fan S, Huang W. Variety classification of coated maize seeds based on Raman hyperspectral imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120772. [PMID: 34973616 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As an essential factor in quality assessment of maize seeds, variety purity profoundly impacts final yield and farmers' economic benefits. In this study, a novel method based on Raman hyperspectral imaging system was applied to achieve variety classification of coated maize seeds. A total of 760 maize seeds including 4 different varieties were evaluated. Raman spectral data of 400-1800 cm-1 were extracted and preprocessed. Variable selection methods involved were modified competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (MCARS), successive projections algorithm (SPA), and their combination. In addition, MCARS was proposed for the first time in this paper as a stable search technology. The performance of support vector machine (SVM) models optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) was analyzed and compared with models based on random forest (RF) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Same models based on Vis-NIR spectral data were also established for comparison. Results showed that the MCARS-GA-SVM model based on Raman spectral data obtained the best performance with calibration accuracy of 99.29% and prediction accuracy of 100%, which were stable and easily replicated. In addition, the accuracy on the independent validation set was 96.88%, which proved that the model can be applied in practice. A more simplified MCARS-SPA-GA-SVM model, which contained only 3 variables, had more than 95% accuracy on each data set. This procedure can help to develop a real-time detection system to classify coated seed varieties with high accuracy, which is of great significance for assessing variety purity and increasing crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Liu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zuchao Wang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Long
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shuxiang Fan
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China.
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14
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Long Y, Huang W, Wang Q, Fan S, Tian X. Integration of textural and spectral features of Raman hyperspectral imaging for quantitative determination of a single maize kernel mildew coupled with chemometrics. Food Chem 2022; 372:131246. [PMID: 34818727 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Maize mildew is a common phenomenon and it is essential to detect the mildew of a single maize kernel and prevent mildew from spreading around. In this study, a line-scanning Raman hyperspectral imaging system was applied to detect fungal spore quantity of a single maize kernel. Raman spectra were extracted while textural features were obtained to depict the maize mildew. Three kinds of modeling algorithms were used to establish the quantitative model to determine the fungal spore quantity of a single maize kernel. Then competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to optimize characteristic variables. The optimal detection model was established with variables selected from the combination of Raman spectra and textural variance feature by PLSR. Results indicated that it was feasible to detect the fungal spore quantity of a single maize kernel by Raman hyperspectral technique. The study provided an in-situ and nondestructive alternative to detect fungal spore quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Long
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shuxiang Fan
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
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15
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Fang S, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Zhu F, Yu K. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Combined With Chemical Imaging Analysis for Detecting Apple Valsa Canker at an Early Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802761. [PMID: 35310652 PMCID: PMC8931522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apple Valsa canker (AVC) with early incubation characteristics is a severe apple tree disease, resulting in significant orchards yield loss. Early detection of the infected trees is critical to prevent the disease from rapidly developing. Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy with simplifies detection procedures and improves detection efficiency is a potential method for AVC detection. In this study, AVC early infected detection was proposed by combining SERS spectroscopy with the chemometrics methods and machine learning algorithms, and chemical distribution imaging was successfully applied to the analysis of disease dynamics. Results showed that the samples of healthy, early disease, and late disease sample datasets demonstrated significant clustering effects. The adaptive iterative reweighted penalized least squares (air-PLS) algorithm was used as the best baseline correction method to eliminate the interference of baseline shifts. The BP-ANN, ELM, Random Forest, and LS-SVM machine learning algorithms incorporating optimal spectral variables were utilized to establish discriminative models to detect of the AVC disease stage. The accuracy of these models was above 90%. SERS chemical imaging results showed that cellulose and lignin were significantly reduced at the phloem disease-health junction under AVC stress. These results suggested that SERS spectroscopy combined with chemical imaging analysis for early detection of the AVC disease was feasible and promising. This study provided a practical method for the rapidly diagnosing of apple orchard diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Fang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junmeng Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, China
| | - Fengle Zhu
- School of Computer and Computing Science, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Yu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, China
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16
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Jimenez-Carvelo AM, Arroyo-Cerezo A, Bikrani S, Jia W, Koidis A, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Rapid and non-destructive spatially offset Raman spectroscopic analysis of packaged margarines and fat-spread products. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Yang D, Jiang J, Jie Y, Li Q, Shi T. Detection of the moldy status of the stored maize kernels using hyperspectral imaging and deep learning algorithms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2027963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, National Engineering Laboratory of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, National Engineering Laboratory of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jie
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, National Engineering Laboratory of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, National Engineering Laboratory of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Shi
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, National Engineering Laboratory of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing, China
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18
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Magneto-Primed Triticale Seeds Studied by Micro-Raman Spectra. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061083. [PMID: 34072273 PMCID: PMC8227689 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopy technique of Micro-Raman is an appropriate method to investigate the microscopic structure of internally heterogeneous (i.e., composed of multiple layers) agro-food products. The effects of applying magnetic fields (magneto-priming technique) and imbibition on the chemical makeup of Triticale seed were studied, particularly in its pericarp, germ and endosperm parts, with the help of Micro-Raman. In light of the results obtained, the magneto-primed seeds soaked in water presented a greater number of chemical compounds than the control seeds, although those treatments were not as effective as the ones with only magneto-priming. The effects of the magneto-priming treatment were especially noticeable in the endosperm due to the large number of chemical compounds identified. The seed composition differences among treatments showed that the use of Micro-Raman jointly with magneto-priming is an appropriate method to obtain and analyse information of the key components of Triticale seeds, notably regarding their pericarp and endosperm.
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19
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Rolandelli G, Gallardo-Navarro YT, García Pinilla S, Farroni AE, Gutiérrez-López GF, Buera MDP. Components interactions and changes at molecular level in maize flour-based blends as affected by the extrusion process. A multi-analytical approach. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Chen F, Chen C, Li W, Xiao M, Yang B, Yan Z, Gao R, Zhang S, Han H, Chen C, Lv X. Rapid detection of seven indexes in sheep serum based on Raman spectroscopy combined with DOSC-SPA-PLSR-DS model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119260. [PMID: 33307346 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fascioliasis, ketosis of pregnancy, toxemia of pregnancy and other common sheep diseases will directly affect the concentration (/enzymatic activity) of seven indicators, such as cortisol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in sheep serum. Whether the concentrations (/enzymatic activity) of these indicators can be detected quickly will directly affect the prevention of sheep diseases and the targeted adjustment of breeding methods, thereby affecting the economic benefits of sheep breeding. In this research, we established partial least square regression (PLSR), support vector regression based on genetic algorithm optimization (GA-SVR) and extreme learning machine (ELM) models. Due to the large differences in the content of different substances, it is difficult to directly use the RMSE to evaluate the quantitative effect of the model. This study is the first to propose conducting deviation standardization (DS) for the determination results of various substances. To further improve the performance of the model, we use the successive projections algorithm (SPA) to optimize feature extraction and combine it with the better-performing PLSR model for training. The results show that the optimized DOSC-SPA-PLSR-DS quantitative model has better determination results for 101 sheep serum samples. The average RMSEp* of the concentration of the six substances decreased from 0.0408 to 0.0387, the Rp2 increased from 0.9758 to 0.9846, and the running time was reduced from 0.1659 to 0.0008 s. And the determination performance of lipase (LPS) enzymatic activity has also been improved. The results of this research show that sheep serum Raman spectroscopy combined with DOSC-SPA-PLSR-DS optimization can efficiently monitor the concentration (/enzyme activity) of seven indicators in real time and provide a new strategy for future intelligent supervision of animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Wenrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- The Fourth People's Hospital in Urumqi, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ziwei Yan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shuailei Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Huijie Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Signal Detection and Processing, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Signal Detection and Processing, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830002, China.
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21
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Zeng J, Ping W, Sanaeifar A, Xu X, Luo W, Sha J, Huang Z, Huang Y, Liu X, Zhan B, Zhang H, Li X. Quantitative visualization of photosynthetic pigments in tea leaves based on Raman spectroscopy and calibration model transfer. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:4. [PMID: 33407678 PMCID: PMC7788994 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic pigments participating in the absorption, transformation and transfer of light energy play a very important role in plant growth. While, the spatial distribution of foliar pigments is an important indicator of environmental stress, such as pests, diseases and heavy metal stress. RESULTS In this paper, in situ quantitative visualization of chlorophyll and carotenoid was realized by combining the Raman spectroscopy with calibration model transfer, and a laboratory Raman spectral model was successfully extended to a portable field spectral measurement. Firstly, a nondestructive and fast model for determination of chlorophyll and carotenoid in tea leaf was established based on confocal micro-Raman spectrometer in the laboratory. Then the spectral model was extended to a real-time foliar map scanning spectra of a field portable Raman spectrometer through calibration model transfer, and the spectral variation between the confocal micro-Raman spectrometer in the laboratory and the portable Raman spectrometer were effectively corrected by the direct standardization (DS) algorithm. The portable map scanning Raman spectra of the tea leaves after the model transfer were got into the established quantitative determination model to predict the concentration of photosynthetic pigments at each pixel of the tea leaves. The predicted photosynthetic pigments concentration of each pixel was imaged to illustrate the distribution map of foliar pigments. Statistical analysis showed that the predicted pigment contents were highly correlated with the real contents. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the Raman spectroscopy was applicable for in situ, non-destructive and rapid quantitative detecting and imaging of photosynthetic pigment concentration in tea leaves, and the spectral detection model established based on the laboratory Raman spectrometer can be applied to a portable field spectrometer for quantitatively imaging of the foliar pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zeng
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wen Ping
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Alireza Sanaeifar
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Junjing Sha
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenxiong Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Baishao Zhan
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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22
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Perera SP, Hucl P, L'Hocine L, Nickerson MT. Microstructure and distribution of oil, protein, and starch in different compartments of canaryseed (
Phalaris canariensis
L.). Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneru P. Perera
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Keyleaf Life Sciences Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Pierre Hucl
- Crop Development Centre University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saint‐Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - Michael T. Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
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23
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Inline simultaneous quantitation of tobacco chemical composition by infrared hyperspectral image associated with chemometrics. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Egertsdotter U, Ahmad I, Clapham D. Automation and Scale Up of Somatic Embryogenesis for Commercial Plant Production, With Emphasis on Conifers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:109. [PMID: 30833951 PMCID: PMC6388443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
For large scale production of clonal plants, somatic embryogenesis (SE) has many advantages over other clonal propagation methods such as the rooting of cuttings. In particular, the SE process is more suited to scale up and automation, thereby reducing labor costs and increasing the reliability of the production process. Furthermore, the plants resulting from SE closely resemble those from seeds, as somatic embryos, like zygotic (seed) embryos, develop with good connection between root and shoot, and without the plagiotropism often associated with propagation by cuttings. For practical purposes in breeding programs and for deployment of elite clones, it is valuable that a virtually unlimited number of SE plants can be generated from one original seed embryo; and SE cultures (clones) can be cryostored for at least 20 years, allowing long-term testing of clones. To date, there has however been limited use of SE for large-scale plant production mainly because without automation it is labor-intensive. Development of automation is particularly attractive in countries with high labor costs, where conifer forestry is often of great economic importance. Various approaches for automating SE processes are under investigation and the progress is reviewed here, with emphasis on conifers. These approaches include simplification of culture routines with preference for liquid rather than solid cultures, use of robotics and automation for the harvest of selected individual mature embryos, followed by automated handling of germination and subsequent planting. Different approaches to handle the processes of somatic embryogenesis in conifers are outlined below, followed by an update on efforts to automate the different steps, which are nearing an operational stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Egertsdotter
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ulrika Egertsdotter
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David Clapham
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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