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Sun Y, Li J, He D, Wang X, Shi Y, Pan L. Recent progress on performances and mechanisms of carbon dots for gas sensing. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:896-908. [PMID: 35687868 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as an attractive zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with unique photoluminescent merits, have recently exhibited significant application potential in gas sensing as a result of their excellent optical/electronic characteristics, high chemical/thermal stability, and tunable surface states. CDs exhibit strong light absorption in the ultraviolet range and tunable photoluminescence characteristics in the visible range, which makes CDs an effective tool for optical sensing applications. Optical gas sensor based on CDs have been investigated, which generally responds to the target gas by corresponding changes in optical absorption or fluorescence. Moreover, electrical gas sensor and quartz crystal microbalance sensor whose sensing layer involves CDs have also been designed. Electrical gas sensor exhibits an increase or a decrease in electrical current, capacitance, or conductance once exposed to the target gas. Quartz crystal microbalance sensor responds to the target gas with a frequency shift. CDs greatly promote the absorption of the target gas and improve the sensitivity of both sensors. In this review, we aim to summarize different types of gas sensors involving CDs, and sensing performances of these sensors for monitoring diverse gases or vapors, as well as the mechanisms of CDs in different types of sensors. Moreover, this review provides the prospect of the potential development of CDs based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daowei He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Accelerating the Gas-Solid Interactions for Conductometric Gas Sensors: Impacting Factors and Improvement Strategies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3249. [PMID: 37110096 PMCID: PMC10146907 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide-based conductometric gas sensors (CGS) have showcased a vast application potential in the fields of environmental protection and medical diagnosis due to their unique advantages of high cost-effectiveness, expedient miniaturization, and noninvasive and convenient operation. Of multiple parameters to assess the sensor performance, the reaction speeds, including response and recovery times during the gas-solid interactions, are directly correlated to a timely recognition of the target molecule prior to scheduling the relevant processing solutions and an instant restoration aimed for subsequent repeated exposure tests. In this review, we first take metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) as the case study and conclude the impact of the semiconducting type as well as the grain size and morphology of MOSs on the reaction speeds of related gas sensors. Second, various improvement strategies, primarily including external stimulus (heat and photons), morphological and structural regulation, element doping, and composite engineering, are successively introduced in detail. Finally, challenges and perspectives are proposed so as to provide the design references for future high-performance CGS featuring swift detection and regeneration.
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Ye P, Zhang H, Qu J, Wang J, Zhu X, Hu Q, Ma S. Preparation of recyclable fluorescent electrospinning films and their application in distinguishing and quantitatively analyzing acid gases. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Key Laboratory for Green Leather Manufacture Technology of China National Light Industry Council, Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Key Laboratory for Green Leather Manufacture Technology of China National Light Industry Council, Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jianbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Key Laboratory for Green Leather Manufacture Technology of China National Light Industry Council, Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jian‐Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Key Laboratory for Green Leather Manufacture Technology of China National Light Industry Council, Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Xiuzhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Key Laboratory for Green Leather Manufacture Technology of China National Light Industry Council, Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Qingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Key Laboratory for Green Leather Manufacture Technology of China National Light Industry Council, Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Shanghong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Key Laboratory for Green Leather Manufacture Technology of China National Light Industry Council, Faculty of Light Industry Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
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Zhao J, Li C, Du X, Zhu Y, Li S, Liu X, Liang C, Yu Q, Huang L, Yang K. Recent Progress of Carbon Dots for Air Pollutants Detection and Photocatalytic Removal: Synthesis, Modifications, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200744. [PMID: 36251773 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization has inevitably led to serious air pollution problems, thus it is urgent to develop detection and treatment technologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis and efficient removal of harmful pollutants. Notably, the employment of functional nanomaterials, in sensing and photocatalytic technologies, is promising to achieve efficient in situ detection and removal of gaseous pollutants. Among them, carbon dots (CDs) have shown significant potential due to their superior properties, such as controllable structures, easy surface modification, adjustable energy band, and excellent electron-transfer capacities. Moreover, their environmentally friendly preparation and efficient capture of solar energy provide a green option for sustainably addressing environmental problems. Here, recent advances in the rational design of CDs-based sensors and photocatalysts are highlighted. An overview of their applications in air pollutants detection and photocatalytic removal is presented, especially the diverse sensing and photocatalytic mechanisms of CDs are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are also provided, emphasizing the importance of synthetic mechanism investigation and rational design of structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xueyu Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Youcai Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Le Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kuang Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Small nanoparticles bring big prospect: The synthesis, modification, photoluminescence and sensing applications of carbon dots. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Carbon Quantum Dots’ Synthesis with a Strong Chemical Claw for Five Transition Metal Sensing in the Irving–Williams Series. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050806. [PMID: 35269294 PMCID: PMC8912369 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an excellent eco-friendly fluorescence material, ideal for various ecological testing systems. Herein, we establish uniform microwave synthesis of the group of carbon quantum dots with specific functionalization of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and three types of Trilon (A, B and C) with chelate claws -C-NH3. CQDs’ properties were studied and applied in order to sense metal cations in an aquatic environment. The results provide the determination of the fluorescence quench in dots by pollutant salts, which dissociate into double-charged ions. In particular, the chemical interactions with CQDs’ surface in the Irving–Williams series (IWs) via functionalization of the negatively charged surface were ascribed. CQD-En and CQD-Dien demonstrated linear fluorescence quenching in high metal cation concentrations. Further, the formation of claws from Trilon A, Trilon B, and C effectively caught the copper and nickel cations from the solution due to the complexation on CQDs’ surface. Moreover, CQD-Trilon C presented chelating properties of the surface and detected five cations (Cu2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+) from 0.5 mg/mL to 1 × 10−7 mg/mL in the Irving–William’s series. Dependence was mathematically attributed as an equation (ML regression model) based on the constant of complex formation. The reliability of the data was 0.993 for the training database.
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Synthetic Approaches, Modification Strategies and the Application of Quantum Dots in the Sensing of Priority Pollutants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) are two classifications of environmental pollutants that have become a source of health concerns. As a result, there have been several efforts towards the development of analytical methods that are efficient and affordable that can sense these pollutants. In recent decades, a wide range of techniques has been developed for the detection of pollutants present in the environment. Among these different techniques, the use of semiconductor nanomaterials, also known as quantum dots, has continued to gain more attention in sensing because of the optical properties that make them useful in the identification and differentiation of pollutants in water bodies. Reported studies have shown great improvement in the sensing of these pollutants. This review article starts with an introduction on two types of organic pollutants, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-aromatic explosives. This is then followed by different quantum dots used in sensing applications. Then, a detailed discussion on different groups of quantum dots, such as carbon-based quantum dots, binary and ternary quantum dots and quantum dot composites, and their application in the sensing of organic pollutants is presented. Different studies on the comparison of water-soluble quantum dots and organic-soluble quantum dots of a fluorescence sensing mechanism are reviewed. Then, different approaches on the improvement of their sensitivity and selectivity in addition to challenges associated with some of these approaches are also discussed. The review is concluded by looking at different mechanisms in the sensing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-aromatic compounds.
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Zhu X, Jiang W, Zhao Y, Liu H, Sun B. Single, dual and multi-emission carbon dots based optosensing for food safety. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Qin S, Yu X, Xu L. Amplified fluorescence detection and adsorption of Au 3+ by the fluorescent melamine formaldehyde microspheres incorporated with N and S co-doped carbon dots. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:123978. [PMID: 33221074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gold is one of the potential toxic heavy metals. In the present study, Au3+ was detected and removed by newly-designed fluorescent microspheres (MF-CDs), i.e. melamine formaldehyde microspheres incorporated with N and S co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs). N,S-CDs played the role as sensing unites and melamine formaldehyde microspheres (MF) as carriers. When MF-CDs were attempted as the fluorescence probe, enhanced fluorescence sensing performance towards Au3+ was achieved with wider linear range (0.05-2 μM) and lower limit of detection (31 nM) compared to the N,S-CDs probe. In addition, when MF-CDs were used as the adsorbent, the adsorption capacity towards Au3+ reached up to 1 mmol g-1, about ten times more than that of MF. Moreover, the Au3+ adsorbed on the MF-CDs could be in-situ transferred to gold nanoparticle (AuNP), forming the immobilized nanocatalyst, i.e. MF-CDs-AuNP, which could further assist the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with acceptable reusability. This study paved an avenue to design the multifunctional materials for simultaneous detection, removal and recycling of environmental concerned pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Qin
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Habibi B, Pashazadeh S, Saghatforoush LA, Pashazadeh A. A thioridazine hydrochloride electrochemical sensor based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-67-functionalized bio-mobile crystalline material-41 carbon quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01949j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we introduce an innovative nanocomposite based on ZIF-67/Bio-MCM-41/CQDs in order to fabricate a novel electrochemical sensor at the glassy carbon electrode and for the first time applied for the electrodetermination of the thioridazine hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biuck Habibi
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
- Tabriz 53714-161
| | - Sara Pashazadeh
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
- Tabriz 53714-161
| | | | - Ali Pashazadeh
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
- Tabriz 53714-161
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Dhenadhayalan N, Lin KC, Saleh TA. Recent Advances in Functionalized Carbon Dots toward the Design of Efficient Materials for Sensing and Catalysis Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905767. [PMID: 31769599 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the past decade, enormous research efforts have been devoted to the detection/degradation and quantification of environmental toxic pollutants and biologically important molecules due to their ubiquitous necessity in the fields of environmental protection and human health. These fields of sensor and catalysis are advanced to a new era after emerging of nanomaterials, especially, carbon nanomaterials including graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon dots (C-dots), etc. Among them, the C-dots in the carbon family are rapidly boosted in the aspect of synthesis and application due to their superior properties of chemical and photostability, highly fluorescent with tunable, non/low-toxicity, and biocompatibility. The C-dot-based functional materials have shown great potential in sensor and catalysis fields for the detection/degradation of environmental pollutants. The major advantage of C-dots is that they can be easily prepared from numerous biomass/waste materials which are inexpensive and environment-friendly and are suitable for a developing trend of sustainable materials. This review is devoted to the recent development (since 2017) in the synthesis of biomass- and chemical-derived C-dots as well as diverse functionalization of C-dots. Their capability as a sensor and catalyst and respective mechanism are summarized. The future perspectives of C-dots are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namasivayam Dhenadhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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