1
|
Kralova K, Kral M, Vrtelka O, Setnicka V. Comparative study of Raman spectroscopy techniques in blood plasma-based clinical diagnostics: A demonstration on Alzheimer's disease. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123392. [PMID: 37716043 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there are still many diseases with limited or no reliable methods of early diagnosis. A popular approach in clinical diagnostic research is Raman spectroscopy, as a relatively simple, cost-effective, and high-throughput method for searching for disease-specific alterations in the composition of blood plasma. However, the high variability of the experimental designs, targeted diseases, or statistical processing in the individual studies makes it challenging to compare and compile the results to critically assess the applicability of Raman spectroscopy in real clinical practice. This study aimed to compare data from a single series of blood plasma samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease and non-demented elderly controls obtained by four different techniques/experimental setups - Raman spectroscopy with excitation at 532 and 785 nm, Raman optical activity, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that the spectra from each Raman spectroscopy technique contain different information about biomolecules of blood plasma or their conformation and may, therefore, offer diverse points of view on underlying biochemical processes of the disease. The classification models based on the datasets generated by the three non-chiroptical variants of Raman spectroscopy exhibited comparable diagnostic performance, all reaching an accuracy close to or equal to 80%. Raman optical activity achieved only 60% classification accuracy, suggesting its limited applicability in the specific case of Alzheimer's disease diagnostics. The described differences in the outputs of the four utilized techniques/setups of Raman spectroscopy imply that their choice may crucially affect the acquired results and thus should be approached carefully concerning the specific purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kralova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kral
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vrtelka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Setnicka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pesen T, Haydaroglu M, Capar S, Parlatan U, Unlu MB. Comparison of the human's and camel's red blood cell deformability by optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101490. [PMID: 37664525 PMCID: PMC10474369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells of vertebrates have undergone evolutionary changes over time, leading to the diversification of morphological and mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Among the vertebrates, camelids have the most different RBC characteristics. As a result of adaptation to the desert environment, camelid RBCs can expand twice as much of their total volume in the case of rapid hydration yet are almost undeformable under mechanical stress. In this work, the mechanical and chemical differences in the RBC properties of the human and camelid species were examined using optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy. We measured the deformability of camel and human RBCs at the single-cell level using optical tweezers. We found that the deformability index (DI) of the camel and the human RBCs were 0.024 ± 0.019 and 0.215 ± 0.061, respectively. To investigate the chemical properties of these cells, we measured the Raman spectra of the whole blood samples. The result of our study indicated that some of the Raman peaks observed on the camel's blood spectrum were absent in the human blood's spectrum, which further points to the difference in chemical contents of these two species' RBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Pesen
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, 34470, Turkiye
| | - Mete Haydaroglu
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, 34470, Turkiye
| | - Simal Capar
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, 34470, Turkiye
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, 34470, Turkiye
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lukose J, Barik AK, George SD, Murukeshan VM, Chidangil S. Raman spectroscopy for viral diagnostics. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:199-221. [PMID: 37113565 PMCID: PMC10088700 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy offers the potential for fingerprinting biological molecules at ultra-low concentration and therefore has potential for the detection of viruses. Here we review various Raman techniques employed for the investigation of viruses. Different Raman techniques are discussed including conventional Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Raman tweezer, tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering can play an essential role in viral detection by multiplexing nanotechnology, microfluidics, and machine learning for ensuring spectral reproducibility and efficient workflow in sample processing and detection. The application of these techniques to diagnose the SARS-CoV-2 virus is also reviewed. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-023-01059-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Barik
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, India
| | - Sajan D. George
- Centre for Applied Nanosciences, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, India
| | - V. M. Murukeshan
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saleem M, Ali S, Bilal M, Safdar K, Hassan M. Development of multivariate classification models for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103136. [PMID: 36195260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) infection is a worldwide cause of serious illness and death. Early and efficient prediction of disease may help in proper medical management to control disease. Keeping this in view, multivariate classification models by combining with Raman spectroscopy have been developed for the diagnosis of DENV infection in human blood sera. For study design, a statistical analysis is performed to select the sample size for training of models. Total 1240 Raman spectra have been acquired from 39 DENV infected and 23 healthy sera samples. Prior to model development, Raman spectra were examined using ANOVA test for significant differences present in the intensities of newly appeared Raman bands at 622, 645, 700, 746, 800, 814, 873, 890, 948, 1002, 1018, 1080, 1235, 1250, 1272, 1386, 1404, 1446, 1609 and 1645 cm-1. The significant differences and characteristic patterns of Raman bands induced by disease played decisive role and are exploited for development of multivariate model. Classification models are developed by utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) to extract discriminant features from multidimensional Raman spectral dataset and followed by support vector machines (SVM) with Polynomial of 5, RBF, and liner kernels. The proposed model for this study is built using 10-fold cross validation technique and evaluated on independent dataset to demonstrate its robustness. PCA-SVM (poly-5) model successfully yielded high diagnostic accuracy of 99.52%, sensitivity of 99.75%, specificity of 99.09% for classification of unknown suspected samples. For comparison, PCA discriminant analysis (PCA-DA), partial least squares regression (PLSR) are PLS-DA have been compared. It is found that PCA-SVM (poly-5) approach is more effective and robust compared to other state-of-the-art approaches and it can be used for clinical prediction of DENV infection in human blood sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Saleem
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Safdar Ali
- Directorate General National Repository, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - M Bilal
- Federal Medical College, Hanna Road, G-8/4, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehdi Hassan
- Air University, PAF Complex Sector E-9, Islamabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pattern Recognition for Human Diseases Classification in Spectral Analysis. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition is a multidisciplinary area that received more scientific attraction during this period of rapid technological innovation. Today, many real issues and scenarios require pattern recognition to aid in the faster resolution of complicated problems, particularly those that cannot be solved using traditional human heuristics. One common problem in pattern recognition is dealing with multidimensional data, which is prominent in studies involving spectral data such as ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy data. UV/Vis, IR, and Raman spectroscopy are well-known spectroscopic methods that are used to determine the atomic or molecular structure of a sample in various fields. Typically, pattern recognition consists of two components: exploratory data analysis and classification method. Exploratory data analysis is an approach that involves detecting anomalies in data, extracting essential variables, and revealing the data’s underlying structure. On the other hand, classification methods are techniques or algorithms used to group samples into a predetermined category. This article discusses the fundamental assumptions, benefits, and limitations of some well-known pattern recognition algorithms including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Kernel PCA, Successive Projection Algorithm (SPA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Partial Least Square Regression (PLS-R), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The use of UV/Vis, IR, and Raman spectroscopy for disease classification is also highlighted. To conclude, many pattern recognition algorithms have the potential to overcome each of their distinct limits, and there is also the option of combining all of these algorithms to create an ensemble of methods.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hassan M, Ali S, Saleem M, Sanaullah M, Fahad LG, Kim JY, Alquhayz H, Tahir SF. Diagnosis of dengue virus infection using spectroscopic images and deep learning. PeerJ Comput Sci 2022; 8:e985. [PMID: 35721412 PMCID: PMC9202626 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the major health issues and a substantial epidemic infectious human disease. More than two billion humans are living in dengue susceptible regions with annual infection mortality rate is about 5%-20%. At initial stages, it is difficult to differentiate dengue virus symptoms with other similar diseases. The main objective of this research is to diagnose dengue virus infection in human blood sera for better treatment and rehabilitation process. A novel and robust approach is proposed based on Raman spectroscopy and deep learning. In this regard, the ResNet101 deep learning model is modified by exploiting transfer learning (TL) concept on Raman spectroscopic data of human blood sera. Sample size was selected using standard statistical tests. The proposed model is evaluated on 2,000 Raman spectra images in which 1,200 are DENV-infected of human blood sera samples, and 800 are healthy ones. It offers 96.0% accuracy on testing data for DENV infection diagnosis. Moreover, the developed approach demonstrated minimum improvement of 6.0% and 7.0% in terms of AUC and Kappa index respectively over the other state-of-the-art techniques. The developed model offers superior performance to capture minute Raman spectral variations due to the better residual learning capability and generalization ability compared to others deep learning models. The developed model revealed that it might be applied for diagnosis of DENV infection to save precious human lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassan
- Department of Computer Science, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of ICT Convergence System Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Safdar Ali
- Directorate of National Repository, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Agriculture & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NILOP-C, PIEAS), Lehtrar Road, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Department of Computer Science, Bahaudian Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Labiba Gillani Fahad
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, FAST-NUCES, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of ICT Convergence System Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hani Alquhayz
- Department of Computer Science and Information, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Fahad Tahir
- Department of Computer Science, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li B, Ding H, Wang Z, Liu Z, Cai X, Yang H. Research on the difference between patients with coronary heart disease and healthy controls by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120997. [PMID: 35149484 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the primary causes of death globally. There are several diagnostic techniques for CHD at present, but they are invasive and with limited accuracy. In the work, measurement of human urine based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was proposed to diagnose CHD. Urine samples of 157 CHD patients and 63 healthy controls (HC) were investigated by SERS. Statistical analysis of the measured data was then performed. It was found that there were intensity differences in nine Raman peaks (1223/1243/1272/1463/1481/1516/1536/1541/1550 cm-1) between CHD and HC in their average SERS spectrum. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA)-linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was then utilized to establish a prediction model to classify CHD and HC. It revealed that the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the prediction model validated by leave-one-patient-out cross validation (LOPOCV) were 84.09%, 92.06% and 80.89%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can be employed as a non-invasive, rapid and accurate tool for CHD diagnosis in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Huirong Ding
- Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cai
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Huinan Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ribeiro ARB, Silva ECO, Araújo PMC, Souza ST, Fonseca EJDS, Barreto E. Application of Raman spectroscopy for characterization of the functional polarization of macrophages into M1 and M2 cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120328. [PMID: 34481146 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key cells in the immune inflammatory response that can be differentiated into M1 and M2 phenotypes. Polarization has a critical therapeutic value, especially in diseases in which an M1/M2 imbalance plays a pathophysiological role. Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a promising bioanalytical technique for discriminating different cell types. However, to our knowledge, its application to identify the functional polarization of macrophages into M1 or M2 cells is yet to be investigated. In this work, Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of macrophage polarization, and the spectral datasets were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). In vitro, resting J774.1 macrophages were treated with LPS/IFN-γ to induce the M1 phenotype or with IL-4 to induce the M2 phenotype. The resulting Raman spectra showed sufficient biochemical information to distinguish between M1 and M2 phenotypes when analyzed by PCA, reflecting the changes in cell markers caused by differentiation. The Raman spectra collected from LPS-stimulated M1 and M2 macrophages were more intense. The functional phenotype of M1 macrophages was confirmed by IL-6 secretion and TNF-α mRNA expression, while M2 macrophages produced IL-10 and Arg-1 mRNA, as well as by the morphological changes observed by scanning electron microscopy. Taken together, the results indicate that Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA analysis is a useful tool to identify the functional phenotypes of macrophages, providing an alternative way to distinguish between cells in distinct differentiation stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rúbia Batista Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-900 Maceió-AL, Brazil; Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | | | - Polliane Maria Cavalcante Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-900 Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Samuel Teixeira Souza
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | | | - Emiliano Barreto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-900 Maceió-AL, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramoji A, Pahlow S, Pistiki A, Rueger J, Shaik TA, Shen H, Wichmann C, Krafft C, Popp J. Understanding Viruses and Viral Infections by Biophotonic Methods. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ramoji
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena Germany
| | - Susanne Pahlow
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Aikaterini Pistiki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
| | - Jan Rueger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
| | - Tanveer Ahmed Shaik
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
| | - Haodong Shen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Christina Wichmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El-Mashtoly SF, Gerwert K. Diagnostics and Therapy Assessment Using Label-Free Raman Imaging. Anal Chem 2021; 94:120-142. [PMID: 34852454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir F El-Mashtoly
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tahira M, Nawaz H, Majeed MI, Rashid N, Tabbasum S, Abubakar M, Ahmad S, Akbar S, Bashir S, Kashif M, Ali S, Hyat H. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of serum samples of typhoid patients of different stages. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102329. [PMID: 33965602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of body fluids is considered a quick, simple and easy to use method for the diagnosis of disease. OBJECTIVES To evaluate rapid, reliable, and non-destructive SERS-based diagnostic tool with multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for classification of different stages of typhoid on the basis of characteristic SERS spectral features. METHODS SERS has been used for analysis of serum samples of different stages of typhoid including early acute stage and late acute stage in comparison with healthy samples, in order to investigate capability of this technique for diagnosis of typhoid. SERS spectral features associated with the biochemical changes taking place during the development of the typhoid fever were analyzed and identified. RESULTS The value of area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) for early acute stage versus healthy is 0.87 and that for healthy versus late acute stage is 0.52. PLS-DA classifier model gives values of 100 % for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, respectively for the SERS spectral data sets of healthy versus early acute stage. Moreover, this classifier model gives values of 91 %, 89 % and 97 % for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, respectively for the SERS spectral data sets of healthy versus late acute stage. CONCLUSIONS Based on preliminary work it is concluded that SERS has potential to diagnose various stages of typhoid fever including early acute and late acute stage in comparison with healthy samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maimoona Tahira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Punjab, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheera Tabbasum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shamsheer Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Saba Akbar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Saba Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Hyat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yin G, Li L, Lu S, Yin Y, Su Y, Zeng Y, Luo M, Ma M, Zhou H, Orlandini L, Yao D, Liu G, Lang J. An efficient primary screening of COVID-19 by serum Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY : JRS 2021; 52:949-958. [PMID: 33821082 PMCID: PMC8014023 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus disease around the end of 2019 has become a pandemic. The preferred method for COVID-19 detection is the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based technique; however, it also has certain limitations, such as sample-dependent procedures with a relatively high false negative ratio. We propose a safe and efficient method for screening COVID-19 based on Raman spectroscopy. A total of 177 serum samples are collected from 63 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 59 suspected cases, and 55 healthy individuals as a control group. Raman spectroscopy is adopted to analyze these samples, and a machine learning support-vector machine (SVM) method is applied to the spectrum dataset to build a diagnostic algorithm. Furthermore, 20 independent individuals, including 5 asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and 5 symptomatic COVID-19 patients, 5 suspected patients, and 5 healthy patients, were sampled for external validation. In these three groups-confirmed COVID-19, suspected, and healthy individuals-the distribution of statistically significant points of difference showed highly consistency for intergroups after repeated sampling processes. The classification accuracy between the COVID-19 cases and the suspected cases is 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.88), and the accuracy between the COVID-19 and the healthy controls is 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89-0.91), while the accuracy between the suspected cases and the healthy control group is 0.68 (95% CI: 0.67-0.73). For the independent test dataset, we apply the obtained SVM model to the classification of the independent test dataset to have all the results correctly classified. Our model showed that the serum-level classification results were all correct for independent test dataset. Our results suggest that Raman spectroscopy could be a safe and efficient technique for COVID-19 screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yin
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteChengduChina
- Physical Engineering LaboratoryRadiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina
| | - Lintao Li
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteChengduChina
- Physical Engineering LaboratoryRadiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteChengduChina
- Physical Engineering LaboratoryRadiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina
| | - Yu Yin
- Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain‐Inspired Intelligence, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yuanzhang Su
- School of Foreign LanguagesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yilan Zeng
- Clinical LaboratoryThe Public Health Clinical Center of ChengduChengduChina
| | - Mei Luo
- Clinical LaboratoryThe Public Health Clinical Center of ChengduChengduChina
| | - Maohua Ma
- Clinical LaboratoryThe Public Health Clinical Center of ChengduChengduChina
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteChengduChina
- Physical Engineering LaboratoryRadiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina
| | - Lucia Orlandini
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteChengduChina
- Physical Engineering LaboratoryRadiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain‐Inspired Intelligence, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduChina
| | - Jinyi Lang
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteChengduChina
- Physical Engineering LaboratoryRadiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Goh B, Ching K, Soares Magalhães RJ, Ciocchetta S, Edstein MD, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Sikulu-Lord MT. The application of spectroscopy techniques for diagnosis of malaria parasites and arboviruses and surveillance of mosquito vectors: A systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009218. [PMID: 33886567 PMCID: PMC8061870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The potential of RS as a surveillance tool for malaria and arbovirus vectors and MIRS for the diagnosis and surveillance of arboviruses is yet to be assessed. NIRS capacity as a surveillance tool for malaria and arbovirus vectors should be validated under field conditions, and its potential as a diagnostic tool for malaria and arboviruses needs to be evaluated. It is recommended that all 3 techniques evaluated simultaneously using multiple machine learning techniques in multiple epidemiological settings to determine the most accurate technique for each application. Prior to their field application, a standardised protocol for spectra collection and data analysis should be developed. This will harmonise their application in multiple field settings allowing easy and faster integration into existing disease control platforms. Ultimately, development of rapid and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostic tools for malaria and arboviruses based on spectroscopy techniques may help combat current and future outbreaks of these infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Goh
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Koek Ching
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhães
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Children's Health Research Centre, Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Silvia Ciocchetta
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael D Edstein
- Australian Defence Force, Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Maggy T Sikulu-Lord
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng X, Wu G, Lv G, Yin L, Luo B, Lv X, Chen C. Combining derivative Raman with autofluorescence to improve the diagnosis performance of echinococcosis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119083. [PMID: 33137629 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease transmitted by animals and distributed all over the world. There is no standardized and widely accepted treatment method, and early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for the prevention and cure of echinococcosis. Here, we explored the feasibility of using derivative Raman in combination with autofluorescence (AF) to improve the diagnosis performance of echinococcosis. The spectra of serum samples from patients with echinococcosis, as well as healthy volunteers, were recorded at 633 nm excitation. The normalized mean Raman spectra showed that there is a decrease in the relative amounts of β carotene and phenylalanine and an increase in the percentage of tryptophan, tyrosine, and glutamic acid contents in the serum of echinococcosis patients as compared to that of healthy subjects. Then, principal components analysis (PCA), combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were adopted to distinguish echinococcosis patients from healthy volunteers. Based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value, the derivative Raman + AF spectral data set achieved the optimal results. The AUC value was improved by 0.08 for derivative Raman + AF (AUC = 0.98), compared to Raman alone. The results demonstrated that the fusion of derivative Raman and AF could effectively improve the performance of the diagnostic model, and this technique has great application potential in the clinical screening of echinococcosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zheng
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
| | - Guodong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Longfei Yin
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- School of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen C, Yang L, Li H, Chen F, Chen C, Gao R, Lv XY, Tang J. Raman spectroscopy combined with multiple algorithms for analysis and rapid screening of chronic renal failure. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
16
|
Kaewseekhao B, Nuntawong N, Eiamchai P, Roytrakul S, Reechaipichitkul W, Faksri K. Diagnosis of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection based on Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 121:101916. [PMID: 32279876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current tools for screening LTBI are limited due to the long turnaround time required, cross-reactivity of tuberculin skin test to BCG vaccine and the high cost of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) tests. We evaluated Raman spectroscopy (RS) for serum-protein fingerprinting from 26 active TB (ATB) cases, 20 LTBI cases, 34 early clearance (EC; TB-exposed persons with undetected infection) and 38 healthy controls (HC). RS at 532 nm using candidate peaks provided 92.31% sensitivity and 90.0% to distinguish ATB from LTBI, 84.62% sensitivity and 89.47% specificity to distinguish ATB from HC and 87.10% sensitivity and 85.0% specificity to distinguish LTBI from EC. RS at 532 nm with the random forest model provided 86.84% sensitivity and 65.0% specificity to distinguish LTBI from HC and 94.74% sensitivity and 87.10% specificity to distinguish EC from HC. Using preliminary sample sets (n = 5 for each TB-infection category), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) showed high potential diagnostic performance, distinguishing very clearly among all TB-infection categories with 100% sensitivity and specificity. With lower cost, shorter turnaround time and performance comparable to that of IGRAs, our study demonstrated RS and SERS to have high potential for ATB and LTBI diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjawan Kaewseekhao
- Department of Microbiology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Noppadon Nuntawong
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Rama VI Rd., Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pitak Eiamchai
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Rama VI Rd., Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Rama VI Rd., Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wipa Reechaipichitkul
- Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Žukovskaja O, Ryabchykov O, Straßburger M, Heinekamp T, Brakhage AA, Hennings CJ, Hübner CA, Wegmann M, Cialla-May D, Bocklitz TW, Weber K, Popp J. Towards Raman spectroscopy of urine as screening tool. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900143. [PMID: 31682320 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For the screening purposes urine is an especially attractive biofluid, since it offers easy and noninvasive sample collection and provides a snapshot of the whole metabolic status of the organism, which may change under different pathological conditions. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has the potential to monitor these changes and utilize them for disease diagnostics. The current study utilizes mouse models aiming to compare the feasibility of the urine based RS combined with chemometrics for diagnosing kidney diseases directly influencing urine composition and respiratory tract diseases having no direct connection to urine formation. The diagnostic models for included diseases were built using principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis and validated with a leave-one-mouse-out cross-validation approach. Considering kidney disorders, the accuracy of 100% was obtained in discrimination between sick and healthy mice, as well as between two different kidney diseases. For asthma and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis achieved accuracies were noticeably lower, being, respectively, 77.27% and 78.57%. In conclusion, our results suggest that RS of urine samples not only provides a solution for a rapid, sensitive and noninvasive diagnosis of kidney disorders, but also holds some promises for the screening of nonurinary tract diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Žukovskaja
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostic, Philosophenweg, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Jena, Germany
| | - Oleg Ryabchykov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Straßburger
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinekamp
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Jena, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostic, Philosophenweg, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas W Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Jena, Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostic, Philosophenweg, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostic, Philosophenweg, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ralbovsky NM, Lednev IK. Towards development of a novel universal medical diagnostic method: Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7428-7453. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress made using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning for potential universal medical diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor K. Lednev
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- SUNY
- Albany
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tong D, Chen C, Zhang J, Lv G, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Lv X. Application of Raman spectroscopy in the detection of hepatitis B virus infection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:248-252. [PMID: 31425766 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) using Raman spectroscopy. METHODS Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the serum samples of 500 patients with HBV and 500 non-HBV persons. First, the adaptive iterative weighted penalty least squares method (airPLS) was used to deduct the fluorescence background in Raman spectra. Then, a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the processed Raman spectra, and a support vector machine (SVM) was used for modeling and prediction. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was selected to optimize the parameters of the SVM instead of a traditional grid search. Finally, 600 serum samples were detected by Raman spectroscopy, and the results wereverified using a double-blind method. RESULTS In the Raman spectra, the non-HBV human Raman peaks at 509, 957, 1002, 1153, 1260, 1512, 1648 and 2305 cm-1 were different from those of patients with HBV. The reported accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the HBV serum model established using airPLS-PCA-PSO-SVM was 93.1%, 100% and 88%, respectively. The two groups were verified by a double-blind method. In the first group sensitivity was 87%, specificity was 92%, and the KAPPA value was 0.79; in the second group sensitivity was 80%, specificity was 79%, and the KAPPA value was 0.59. CONCLUSION This preliminary study shows that serum Raman spectroscopy combined with the airPLS-PCA-PSO-SVM model can be used for hepatitis B virus detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumuqi 83001, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - JingJing Zhang
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - GuoDong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumuqi 83001, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| |
Collapse
|