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Ghosh P, Karak A, Mahapatra AK. Small-molecule fluorogenic probes based on indole scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2690-2718. [PMID: 38465421 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Indoles are the most versatile organic N-heterocyclic compounds widely present in bioactive natural products and used in different fields such as coordination chemistry, pharmacy, dyes, and medicine, as well as in the biology and polymer industries. More recently, the indole scaffold has been widely used in analytical chemistry for the design and development of small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors in the fields of molecular recognition and molecular imaging. The indole-based chemosensor derivatives contain heteroatoms like N-, O-, and S-, through which they interact with analytes (cations, anions, and neutral species), producing measurable analytical signals that can be used for the fluorimetric and colorimetric detection of different analytes in biological, agricultural and environmental samples. This review focuses on indole-based small-molecule fluorimetric and colorimetric chemosensors for detecting cations, anions, and neutral species in a comprehensive manner. Furthermore, the recognition mechanisms are discussed in detail, which could help researchers design and develop more powerful and efficient fluorescent chemosensors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Ghosh
- Molecular Sensor and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anirban Karak
- Molecular Sensor and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Molecular Sensor and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Lu G, Jia Z, Yu M, Zhang M, Xu C. A Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor Based on Chelation-Enhanced Fluorescence of Carbon Dots for Zinc Ion Detection. Molecules 2023; 28:7818. [PMID: 38067546 PMCID: PMC10708225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc ion, one of the most important transition metal ions in living organisms, plays a crucial role in the homeostasis of the organism. The disorder of zinc is associated with many major diseases. It is highly desirable to develop selective and sensitive methods for the real-time detection of zinc ions. In this work, double-emitting fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are prepared by a solvothermal method using glutathione, L-aspartic acid, and formamide as the raw materials. The carbon dots specifically recognize zine ions and produce a decrease in fluorescence intensity at 684 nm and an increase at 649 nm, leading to a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for zinc detection. Through surface modification and spectral analysis, the surface groups including carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups, and C=N in heterocycles of CDs are revealed to synergistically coordinate Zn2+, inducing the structural changes in the emission site. The CDs can afford a low limit of detection of ~5 nM for Zn2+ detection with good linearity in the range of 0.02-5 μM, showing good selectivity as well. The results from real samples including fetal bovine serum, milk powder, and zinc gluconate oral solution indicated the good applicability of the CDs in the determination of Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Z.J.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mengdi Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Z.J.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Z.J.); (M.Y.)
| | - Changlong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China;
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Hussein A, Lafzi F, Kilic H, Bayindir S. Synthesis of Bis-tetraphenylethene as a Novel Turn-On Selective Zinc Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25432-25440. [PMID: 37483257 PMCID: PMC10357583 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is the synthesis of novel fluorescent Bis-TPE and the investigation of its wide range of photochemical behaviors. For this purpose, initially, Bis-TPE was synthesized. Following this, the interactions of Bis-TPE with a wide range of ions were studied in EtOH using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy. As a result of all UV-vis and fluorescence studies, it was determined that Bis-TPE showed turn-on sensor features against Zn2+ ions. Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) and Ka values of Bis-TPE/Zn2+ were calculated as 0.97 μM (970 nM) and 3.76 × 105 M-1, respectively. Moreover, all reversal studies resulted in switchable on/off variation of the alternative addition of ZnCl2 and [Bu4N]OH to Bis-TPE. This result also implies that the probe Bis-TPE also exhibits specific OH- sensor properties in the presence of zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
Saleh Hussein
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Türkiye
- College
of Education Chemistry Department, Salahaddin
University—Erbil, Erbil 44002, Iraq
| | - Ferruh Lafzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk
University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Haydar Kilic
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk
University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Bayindir
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Türkiye
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Li Y, Song R, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhao J. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a novel Naphthalene-derived Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Zn2+. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Yin Y, Liu G. Application of a novel hydroxyl functionalized fluorescent covalent organic framework for turn-off ultrasensitive Zn 2+ ion detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1988-1995. [PMID: 35532901 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00331g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a novel hydroxyl functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) with fluorescence properties was rationally designed based on the reaction between 2,5-dihydroxy-terephthalic-dihydrazide (DHTPz) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde (Bt) for Zn2+ detection. The prepared DHTPz-Bt exhibited strong fluorescence, while the apparent quenching of fluorescence was observed after the introduction of Zn2+. Meanwhile, DHTPz-Bt exhibited high sensitivity and promising selectivity during the detection of Zn2+. Additionally, the recognition process was revealed to be attributed to the coordination between the hydroxyl groups on the phenyls of DHTPz-Bt and Zn2+ ions, as verified by using Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra. This work demonstrates the great potential of fluorescent probes by rationally introducing metal ligands, which will lead to a suite of new COF materials for metal ion sensing in a practical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yin
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Lab of Agriculture Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Lab of Agriculture Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Huang L, Sun Y, Zhao G, Wang L, Meng X, Zhou J, Duan H. A novel fluorescein-based fluorescent probe for detection Hg2+ and bioimaging applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chen L, Jiang H, Li N, Meng Q, Li Z, Han Q, Liu X. A Schiff-based AIE fluorescent probe for Zn 2+ detection and its application as "fluorescence paper-based indicator". SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120704. [PMID: 34896683 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A Schiff-based aggregation induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probe with excited intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism was synthesized by grafting 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole onto 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol. The probe recognizes Zn2+ selectively and sensitively, accompanied by a significant fluorescence emission increasement change from light yellow-green to strong green. Additionally, a stabilization time of at least 30 min was kept in the recognition process. Besides, a linear relationship was observed between the concentration of Zn2+ and the fluorescence intensity at 525 nm (0.05-10 µM). And thus, the probe can detect Zn2+ quantitatively in aqueous solution with a low detection limit of 1.9 × 10-8 M. Based on the AIE property and the selective recognition of Zn2+, SCH was strategically loaded on the filter paper to develop a novel paper-based indicator for on-site and high-efficiency detection of Zn2+. The results showed that the paper-based indicator could be conveniently applied to the visual inspection of Zn2+ as expected and SCH in the paper-based indicators fortunately exhibited a better stability. Furthermore, our comprehensive application evaluations have confirmed that SCH was capable of detecting Zn2+ in real water samples and imaging Zn2+ in living cells roundly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Huie Jiang
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Nihao Li
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qingjun Meng
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Zhijian Li
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qingxin Han
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
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Wang JT, Pei YY, Yan MY, Li YG, Yang GG, Qu CH, Luo W, Wang J, Li QF. A fast-response turn-on quinoline-based fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of zinc (II) and its application. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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A cyanobiphenyl-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of Zn2+. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li H, Gao W, Pu S. Dual recognition of Al 3+ and Zn 2+ ions by a novel probe based on diarylethene and its application. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27476-27483. [PMID: 35529243 PMCID: PMC9070649 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a new fluorescent probe 1O by attaching a diarylethene molecule to a functional group. The probe can be used to detect Al3+ and Zn2+ at the same time with high selectivity, and its detection limit is very low. When Al3+ was added, the fluorescence intensity was increased 310 folds, and was accompanied by a fluorescent color change from black to grass-green. Similarly, after the addition of Zn2+, the fluorescence intensity was enhanced 110 folds, with a concomitant color change from black to yellow-green. Moreover, based on the properties of 1O, we designed a logic circuit, and that also can be used for water sample testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China +86-791-83831996 +86-791-83831996
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China +86-791-83831996 +86-791-83831996
| | - Wendan Gao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China +86-791-83831996 +86-791-83831996
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China +86-791-83831996 +86-791-83831996
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