1
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dos Reis JRT, Leite FF, Sharma K, Ribeiro GAS, Silva WHN, Batista AA, Paschoal AR, Paraguassu W, Mazzoni M, Barbosa Neto NM, Araujo PT. Raman Spectroscopy on Free-Base Meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) Porphyrin under Conditions of Low Temperature and High Hydrostatic Pressure. Molecules 2024; 29:2362. [PMID: 38792223 PMCID: PMC11124280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a Raman spectroscopy study of the vibrational properties of free-base meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) porphyrin polycrystals under various temperature and hydrostatic pressure conditions. The combination of experimental results and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations allows us to assign most of the observed Raman bands. The modifications in the Raman spectra when excited with 488 nm and 532 nm laser lights indicate that a resonance effect in the Qy band is taking place. The pressure-dependent results show that the resonance conditions change with increasing pressure, probably due to the shift of the electronic transitions. The temperature-dependent results show that the relative intensities of the Raman modes change at low temperatures, while no frequency shifts are observed. The experimental and theoretical analysis presented here suggest that these molecules are well represented by the C2v point symmetry group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Rewllyson Torres dos Reis
- Graduate Program in Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.R.T.d.R.); (F.F.L.); (W.P.)
| | - Fabio Furtado Leite
- Graduate Program in Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.R.T.d.R.); (F.F.L.); (W.P.)
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;
| | - Guilherme Almeida Silva Ribeiro
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (G.A.S.R.); (W.H.N.S.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Waldeci Paraguassu
- Graduate Program in Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.R.T.d.R.); (F.F.L.); (W.P.)
| | - Mario Mazzoni
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (G.A.S.R.); (W.H.N.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Newton Martins Barbosa Neto
- Graduate Program in Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.R.T.d.R.); (F.F.L.); (W.P.)
| | - Paulo Trindade Araujo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;
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2
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Erdemir GY, Topkaya D. Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluating Photochemical Properties of Porphyrin-substituted Azobenzene Structure. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:275-281. [PMID: 37204533 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein a new azobenzene-substituted porphyrin molecule was synthesized, characterized and its optoelectronic properties were investigated by combining the high optoelectronic properties of porphyrin with the photosensitive properties of azobenzene. The carboxylic acid of azobenzene was covalently connected to -OH group of the porphyrin ring by using Steglich esterification. Molecular structure of the obtained azobenzene-porphyrin (8), was elucidated, by FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR and HRMS. After structural characterization absorption and emission, characteristics were determined in solvents that have different. And also, optical and fluorescence behaviors in the range of different acid pH with trans-cis photoisomerization behaviors were investigated in aqueous-THF solution in acid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guler Yagiz Erdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Derya Topkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, 35160, Turkey.
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3
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McGarry RJ, Varvarezos L, Pryce MT, Long C. Excited-State Dynamics Leading Either to Triplet Formation or Coordinative Expansion following Photolysis of Cu(II)-Porphyrins: A DFT, TD-DFT, Luminescence and Femtosecond Time-Resolved Absorbance Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6310. [PMID: 37687139 PMCID: PMC10488807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The photophysical properties of Cu(II) complexes with 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis(phenyl)porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridium-4-yl)porphyrin are examined via the luminescence and femtosecond time-resolved absorbance methods, respectively. These studies are supported by DFT and TD-DFT calculations, which highlight the important role played by ligand-to-metal charge-transfer states in directing the system toward either intersystem crossing to the triplet hypersurface or coordinative expansion to a five-coordinate quasi-stable intermediate. The latter processes occur when the porphyrin is photolyzed in the presence of suitably located Lewis bases. Femtosecond time-resolved absorbance measurements of Cu(II)-5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridium-4-yl)porphyrin confirm that the coordinative expansion in water occurs in approximately 700 fs, while crossing to the triplet hypersurface takes approximately 140 fs in the same solvent. These processes are mutually exclusive, although both can occur simultaneously depending on the environment of the porphyrin. The ratio of the two processes depends on the relative orientation of the Lewis base with respect to the copper atom at the time of excitation. As a consequence, copper porphyrins such as these are excellent probes in the environment of the porphyrin and can be used to identify the location of the porphyrin when interacting with DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J. McGarry
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland; (R.J.M.); (M.T.P.)
| | - Lazaros Varvarezos
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Mary T. Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland; (R.J.M.); (M.T.P.)
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland; (R.J.M.); (M.T.P.)
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4
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Ciuti S, Carella A, Lucotti A, Tommasini M, Barbon A, Di Valentin M. Insights into the phototautomerism of free-base 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00413-5. [PMID: 37038020 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Phototautomerism in the excited states of free-base 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H2TPPS4-) has been investigated combining, for the first time, advanced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) with fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Triplet EPR spectroscopy, performed in protic and deuterated solvents and in the presence of photoselection, confirms the occurrence of phototautomerization and additionally suggests the formation of the cis tautomer as a minor component. The zero-field splitting parameters and triplet sublevel populations indicate that the process is slow in the triplet state. The results obtained by EPR combined with photoselection and fluorescence anisotropy have been interpreted within a model which accounts for a fast trans-trans tautomerization promoted by a spin-vibronic coupling mechanism for intersystem crossing, with an even distribution of the two trans tautomers at liquid nitrogen temperatures for H2TPPS4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Carella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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5
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Lopes JMS, Batista AA, Araujo PT, Neto NMB. Supramolecular porphyrin as an improved photocatalyst for chloroform decomposition. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5473-5482. [PMID: 36793300 PMCID: PMC9924222 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the outlying decoration of the free-base meso-(4-tetra) pyridyl porphyrin (H2TPyP) with the RuCl(dppb)(5,5'-Me-bipy) ruthenium complex (here named Supra-H2TPyP) is observed as an improved molecular photocatalyst for dye-mediated chloroform (CHCl3) decomposition via one-photon absorption operating in the visible spectral range (532 nm and 645 nm). Supra-H2TPyP offers a better option for CHCl3 photodecomposition when compared to the same process mediated by pristine H2TPyP, which requires either excited-state- or UV absorption. The chloroform photodecomposition rates for Supra-H2TPyP as well as its excitation mechanisms are explored as a function of distinct laser irradiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. S. Lopes
- Department of Physics, Federal University of RoraimaBoa VistaRRBrazil,Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of ParáBelémPABrazil
| | - A. A. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil
| | - P. T. Araujo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - N. M. Barbosa Neto
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of ParáBelémPABrazil
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6
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Coupling of cationic porphyrins on manganese ferrite nanoparticles: a potential multifunctional nanostructure for theranostics applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Lopes J, Machado A, Batista A, Iglesias B, Araujo P, Barbosa Neto N. Fluorinated phenyl meso-substituents regulating excited state absorption-driven protonation of free-base porphyrins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Muthu M, Tiwari S. Spectroscopic investigation of preferential solvation of N-confused tetraphenylporphyrinin binary mixtures of dichloromethane with organic cosolvents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 283:121718. [PMID: 35963116 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic behaviour of porphyrin is known to be sensitive to the choice of the solvent and has been used to probe solvation phenomena. The UV-visible spectra of N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin are observed in a series of binary solvent mixtures - (dichloromethane + diethyl ether), (dichloromethane + chlorobenzene) and (dichloromethane + ethyl acetate). The resulting ET scale for NCTPP solvation indicates nonlinear behaviour and preferential solvation by a solvent-solvent complex in all the three solvents - with the dichloromethane + ethyl acetate system showing the largest deviation from ideality. The data is fitted to the model based on solvent exchange equilibria for determining the preferential solvation parameters which are specific to the probe as well as the identity of solvents in the binary mixture. Further analysis using polarity parameters from literature indicate that the solvation of NCTPP in the (dichloromethane + ethyl acetate) mixture is dependent on the hydrogen bond accepting capacity and polarizability of the medium. Excess spectra derived from ATR-FTIR measurement of dichloromethane + ethyl acetate solutions lead to important inferences about the structure and role of solvent-solvent interactions responsible for the preferential solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariammal Muthu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Shraeddha Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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9
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Santamarina SC, Heredia DA, Durantini AM, Durantini EN. Porphyrin Polymers Bearing N, N'-Ethylene Crosslinkers as Photosensitizers against Bacteria. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224936. [PMID: 36433062 PMCID: PMC9696963 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of microbes resistant to antibiotics requires the development of alternative therapies for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this work two polymers, PTPPF16-EDA and PZnTPPF16-EDA, were synthesized by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin and its Zn(II) complex with ethylenediamine, respectively. In these structures, the tetrapyrrolic macrocycles were N,N'-ethylene crosslinked, which gives them greater mobility. The absorption spectra of the polymers showed a bathochromic shift of the Soret band of ~10 nm with respect to the monomers. This effect was also found in the red fluorescence emission peaks. Furthermore, both polymeric materials produced singlet molecular oxygen with high quantum yields. In addition, they were capable of generating superoxide anion radicals. Photodynamic inactivation sensitized by these polymers was tested in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. A decrease in cell viability greater than 7 log (99.9999%) was observed in S. aureus incubated with 0.5 μM photosensitizer upon 30 min of irradiation. Under these conditions, a low inactivation of E. coli (0.5 log) was found. However, when the cells were treated with KI, the elimination of the Gram-negative bacteria was achieved. Therefore, these polymeric structures are interesting antimicrobial photosensitizing materials for the inactivation of pathogens.
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10
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Lopes J, Machado A, Batista A, Araujo P, Barbosa Neto N. Protonation, exciplex, and evidence of aggregate formation in meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) porphyrin triggered by excited-state absorption. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Guo XX, Zhang FL, Muhammad Y, Hu DL, Cai ZT, Xiao GM. Enhancement in the active site exposure in a porphyrin-based PIL/graphene composite catalyst for the highly efficient conversion of CO 2. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3331-3340. [PMID: 35137742 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04338b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) have gained widespread attention in recent years due to their excellent properties similar to both ionic liquids and polymers. However, their further applications are limited because abundant and flexible ions easily block nanopores in the PIL catalysts, thus blocking the active sites and ultimately leading to decreased catalytic activity. This work reports the synthesis of a PIL/graphene composite catalyst (iPOP-ZnTPy@GNFs) based on an in situ surface preparation strategy, which effectively controlled the particle size and dispersion state of ionic liquids. The iPOP-ZnTPy@GNFs exhibited a larger surface area and more exposed active sites, which intensified the catalytic activity in the CO2 cycloaddition reaction with propylene oxide with almost double the reaction rate as compared to that of iPOP-ZnTPy-2 at 100 °C and S/C = 1000. As expected, the iPOP-ZnTPy@GNF catalyst efficiently converted epoxides to cyclic carbonates at room temperature or atmospheric pressure, which can significantly reduce the process cost. In addition, iPOP-ZnTPy@GNFs exhibited excellent broad substrate scope, catalytic diversity, and remarkable reusability. The reaction mechanism of CO2 cycloaddition was studied via density functional theory calculations and was validated by experimental findings. This work provides a feasible method for improving the utilization of active sites in PILs as a highly robust catalyst for CO2 cycloaddition and can be further extended to other types of catalytic reactions in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Feng-Lei Zhang
- Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yaseen Muhammad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, KP, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Liang Hu
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhao-Tian Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Guo-Min Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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12
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Tomita K, Shioya N, Shimoaka T, Wakioka M, Hasegawa T. Control of supramolecular organizations by coordination bonding in tetrapyridylporphyrin thin films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2116-2119. [PMID: 35040835 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06169k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coordination bonding has been employed for the first time to control molecular orientation in thin films and is demonstrated by using tetrapyridylporphyrin. Changing the central metal ion of porphyrin controls the balance of the coordination bonding and hydrogen bonding, and edge-on orientation has been realized for the first time as well as face-on orientation. The mechanism of the film structure formation is comprehensively explained based on the electron configuration of the central metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Tomita
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Shioya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Shimoaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Wakioka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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13
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Crawley MR, Zhang D, Oldacre AN, Beavers CM, Friedman AE, Cook TR. Tuning the Reactivity of Cofacial Porphyrin Prisms for Oxygen Reduction Using Modular Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1098-1106. [PMID: 33377787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We assembled eight cofacial porphyrin prisms using MTPyP (M = Co(II) or Zn(II), TPyP = 4-tetrapyridylporphyrin) and functionalized ruthenium-based "molecular clips" using coordination-driven self-assembly. Our approach allows for the rapid synthesis of these architectures in isolated yields as high as 98% for the assembly step. Structural and reactivity studies provided a deeper understanding of the role of the building blocks on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Catalytic efficacy was probed by using cyclic and hydrodynamic voltammetry on heterogeneous catalyst inks in aqueous media. The reported prisms showed outstanding selectivity (>98%) for the kinetically hindered 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 to H2O over the kinetically more accessible 2e-/2H+ reduction to H2O2. Furthermore, we have demonstrated significant cofacial enhancement in the observed catalytic rate constant ks (∼5 orders of magnitude) over the mononuclear analogue. We conclude that the steric bulk of the clip plays an important role in the structural dynamics of these prisms, which in turn modulates the ORR reactivity with respect to selectivity and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Daoyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Amanda N Oldacre
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Christine M Beavers
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Materials, Design, and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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14
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de Souza JR, de Moraes MMF, Aoto YA, Homem-de-Mello P. Can one use the electronic absorption spectra of metalloporphyrins to benchmark electronic structure methods? A case study on the cobalt porphyrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23886-23898. [PMID: 33073830 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04699j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe calculations on the absorption spectrum of cobalt(ii) porphyrin, using density functional (DFT) and multireference n-electron valence perturbation (NEVPT) theories. With these calculations, we describe the lowest-energy states of doublet and quartet spin multiplicities, the excited states that originate the Q and B bands of porphyrins, some higher-energy π-π* excitations and charge-transfer states, HOMO-LUMO gaps, and ionisation potentials. Results undoubtedly show that the position of B band is essentially independent on the DFT functional, while the Q band is better described by pure functionals, and these bands do not depend on the initial state of the transition (whether doublet or quartet) as well. However, other excitation energies, orbital energies, and ionisation potentials strongly depend on the functional, in some cases varying more than 2 eV. Based on these results we conclude that one should not use the UV-Vis spectrum of metalloporphyrins to benchmark density functionals, mainly those properties related to coordination with the metallic ion. Furthermore, the results show that functionals that yield correct spectra may be based on an incorrect ground state description. Moreover, we reinforce that one must be skeptical about the reference chosen to benchmark electronic structure calculations, such as DFT functionals and active spaces for multireference calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonathan Rosa de Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Morato F de Moraes
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil.
| | - Yuri Alexandre Aoto
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil.
| | - Paula Homem-de-Mello
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil.
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15
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Lopes JMS, Reis JRT, Machado AEH, Leite THO, Batista AA, Acunha TV, Iglesias BA, Araujo PT, Barbosa Neto NM. Influence of the meso-substituents on the spectral features of free-base porphyrin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 238:118389. [PMID: 32417643 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of meso-substituents on the spectral features of free-base porphyrins is explored. Meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin is compared with meso-tetra(2-thienyl)porphyrin and meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin. Our results indicate that some of the asymmetric Q-bands in the free-base porphyrin tend to become symmetric relative to the adopted meso-substituent. The results show that the outlying perturbations lead the free-base quasi-degenerated Qx1, Qx2, Qy1, and Qy2 bands to be closer in energy. Combined, absorption, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies endorse our conclusions showing that both the frequencies and the Huang-Rhys factors associated with every vibronic progression are noticeably affected by the investigated meso-substituents. Our results confirm that the B-band is also multi-featured in agreement with what is found for the Q-bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M S Lopes
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - J R T Reis
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - A E H Machado
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Federal University of Catalão, Av. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, 1120, CEP 75704-020, Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - T H O Leite
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - A A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T V Acunha
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinoid Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - B A Iglesias
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinoid Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - P T Araujo
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
| | - N M Barbosa Neto
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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16
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Lopes JMS, Costa SN, Batista AA, Dinelli LR, Araujo PT, Neto NMB. Photophysics and visible light photodissociation of supramolecular meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) porphyrin/RuCl 2(CO)(PPh 3) 2 structures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118351. [PMID: 32361521 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, supramolecular structures have been explored in many technological efforts. One example of such supramolecules is attained when ruthenium complexes are attached in the outer sites of a porphyrin. Ruthenium complexes act as modulators of the photophysical processes of macrocyclic molecules. Besides the investigation of the main changes introduced by the ruthenium complexes in the electronic and vibronic properties, and in the excited state deactivation processes of porphyrins, discussions concerning the photostability of these supramolecules are much needed. Here, we investigate the supramolecular free-base meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) porphyrin decorated with "RuCl2(CO)(PPh3)2" ruthenium species linked at each of its (4-pyridyl) moieties. The modifications in the photophysical processes introduced by the metallic outlying species are discussed and our results suggest an energy transfer process from the porphyrin B-band to the ruthenium complex MLCT-band. The demonstration of visible light photodissociation of the supramolecule, via both pulsed and continuous laser, is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M S Lopes
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - S N Costa
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - A A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - L R Dinelli
- College of Sciences of Pontal, Federal University of Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - P T Araujo
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
| | - N M Barbosa Neto
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Lopes JMS, Sampaio RN, Dinelli LR, Batista AA, Araujo PT, Neto NMB. On the excitation dependence of fluorescence spectra of meso-tetrapyridyl zinc (II) porphyrin and its relation with hydrogen bonding and outlying decoration. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117371. [PMID: 31344576 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zinc porphyrins are potential candidates for boosting the advancement of various technological applications, including those exploring the molecule's radiative emissions. In this work, the excitation dependence of fluorescence spectra from 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrapyridyl zinc(II) porphyrin dissolved in a binary solvent mixture of CHCl3: MeOH, is reported. Important modifications in the profiles of the fluorescence bands are observed after exciting the molecules in a broad wavelength range from 350 to 565 nm. We attribute such modifications to the existence of two distinct relaxation pathways, related to two quasi-degenerated potential energy surfaces (PES) in the ZnTPyP's first excited state whose population rates changes for different excitation wavelengths. We also observed that by changing the CHCl3:MeOH proportion in the binary mixture, a quenching mechanism mediated by the MeOH hydrogen bondings and ZnTPyP takes place, which allows for tuning the excitation dependence of the aforementioned relaxations pathways. Moreover, our data confirm that the addition of outlying RuCl(dppb)(bipy) ruthenium complex linked to the pyridyl moieties of the ZnTPyP ring is also an excellent strategy to modify the excitation dependence of the fluorescence relaxation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M S Lopes
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - R N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - L R Dinelli
- College of Sciences of Pontal, Federal University of Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - A A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - P T Araujo
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Center of Materials for Information Technology (MINT Center) University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
| | - N M Barbosa Neto
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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