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Wang Y, Li Y, Cao J, Yang X, Huang J, Huang M, Gu S. Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes for Detection of Glutathione (GSH): Fluorophore, Photophysical Properties, Biological Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:4333. [PMID: 39339330 PMCID: PMC11434280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy), play a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes. Among them, GSH is the most abundant non-protein mercaptan (1-10 mM) in cells, and the change in GSH concentration level is closely related to the occurrence of many diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and neurological diseases. Fluorescent probes have attracted much attention due to their advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, high selectivity, low cost, and high quantum yield. Methods that use optical probes for selective detection of GSH in vitro and in vivo are in high demand. In this paper, we reviewed the most recent five years of research on fluorescence probes for the detection of GSH, including the specific detection of GSH, dual-channel identification of GSH and other substances, and the detection of GSH and other biothiols. According to the type of fluorophore, we classified GSH fluorescent probes into eight classes, including BODIPY, 1,8-Naphthalimide, coumarin, xanthene, rhodamine, cyanine, benzothiazoles, and others. In addition, we roundly discuss the synthesis, detection mechanism, photophysical properties, and biological applications of fluorescent probes. We hope that this review will inspire the exploration of new fluorescent probes for GSH and other related analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Yanfei Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Jinbo Cao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Jiaxiang Huang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Mingyue Huang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Shaobin Gu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
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2
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Dal Pra O, Daniel J, Recher G, Blanchard-Desce M, Grazon C. Two-photon Dye-Based Fluorogenic Organic Nanoparticles as Intracellular Thiols Sensors. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400716. [PMID: 38973203 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Optical bioimaging is an ever-growing field that benefits both from the fast progress of optical instrumentation and modalities, and from the development of light-emitting probes. The efficacy of molecular fluorescent dyes is crucial, yet hindered by limited brightness and hydrophilicity. Addressing these challenges, self-stabilized fluorogenic organic nanoparticles only made of pure dyes (dFONs) are introduced in this work. Comprising thiol-sensitive fluorogenic chromophores, these dFONs exhibit enhanced brightness exclusively in the presence of biological thiols, notably glutathione, overcoming the need for water-solubilizing moieties. Importantly, these nanoparticles demonstrate large fluorescence and one- and two-photon brightness, enabling sensitive bioimaging of intracellular thiols at micromolar concentrations. Notably, only the pristine fluorogenic nanoparticles can penetrate the cells and does not require to wash the cells before imaging, emphasizing their unique role as dye carriers, fluorogenic probes and ease of use. This work highlights the transformative potential of dFONs in advancing optical bioimaging, paving the way for the use of dFONs not just as tracers, but also now as biosensors and ultimately in the future as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Dal Pra
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Jonathan Daniel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Gaëlle Recher
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
| | | | - Chloé Grazon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence, F-33400, France
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3
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Wang L, Qian Y. Heavy-atom-free BODIPY dendrimer: utilizing the spin-vibronic coupling mechanism for two-photon photodynamic therapy in zebrafish. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6175-6189. [PMID: 38831689 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the heavy-atom-free BODIPY dendrimer TM4-BDP was synthesized for near-infrared photodynamic therapy, and was composed of a triphenylamine-BODIPY dimer and four 1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-3-ethenyl groups. The TM4-BDP could achieve near-infrared photodynamic therapy through two different photosensitive pathways, which include one-photon excitation at 660 nm and two-photon excitation at 1000 nm. In the one-photon excitation pathway, the TM4-BDP could generate singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals under 660 nm illumination. In addition, the one-photon PDT experiment in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE-2) cells also indicated that the TM4-BDP could specifically accumulate in lysosomes and show great cell phototoxicity with an IC50 of 22.1 μM. In the two-photon excitation pathway, the two-photon absorption cross-section at 1030 nm of TM4-BDP was determined to be 383 GM, which means that it could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 1000 nm femtosecond laser excitation. Moreover, the two-photon PDT experiment in zebrafish also indicated the TM4-BDP could be used for two-photon fluorescence imaging and two-photon induced ROS generation in biological environments. Furthermore, in terms of the ROS generation mechanism, the TM4-BDP employed a novel spin-vibronic coupling intersystem crossing (SV-ISC) process for the mechanism of ROS generation and the femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicated that this novel SV-ISC mechanism was closely related to its charge transfer state lifetime. These above experiments of TM4-BDP demonstrate that the dendrimer design is an effective strategy for constructing heavy-atom-free BODIPY photosensitizers in the near-infrared region and lay the foundation for two-photon photodynamic therapy in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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4
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Chen X, Li J, Roy S, Ullah Z, Gu J, Huang H, Yu C, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang Y, Guo B. Development of Polymethine Dyes for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304506. [PMID: 38441392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) is burgeoning because of its higher imaging fidelity in monitoring physiological and pathological processes than clinical visible/the second near-infrared window fluorescence imaging. Notably, the imaging fidelity is heavily dependent on fluorescence agents. So far, indocyanine green, one of the polymethine dyes, with good biocompatibility and renal clearance is the only dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration, but it shows relatively low NIR-II brightness. Importantly, tremendous efforts are devoted to synthesizing polymethine dyes for imaging preclinically and clinically. They have shown feasibility in the customization of structure and properties to fulfill various needs in imaging and therapy. Herein, a timely update on NIR-II polymethine dyes, with a special focus on molecular design strategies for fluorescent, photoacoustic, and multimodal imaging, is offered. Furthermore, the progress of polymethine dyes in sensing pathological biomarkers and even reporting drug release is illustrated. Moreover, the NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided therapies with polymethine dyes are summarized regarding chemo-, photothermal, photodynamic, and multimodal approaches. In addition, artificial intelligence is pointed out for its potential to expedite dye development. This comprehensive review will inspire interest among a wide audience and offer a handbook for people with an interest in NIR-II polymethine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jieyan Li
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zia Ullah
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingsi Gu
- Education Center and Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xuejin Wang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yinghe Zhang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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5
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Xie W, Jiang J, Shu D, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhang K. Recent Progress in the Rational Design of Biothiol-Responsive Fluorescent Probes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104252. [PMID: 37241992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biothiols such as cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione play significant roles in important biological activities, and their abnormal concentrations have been found to be closely associated with certain diseases, making their detection a critical task. To this end, fluorescent probes have become increasingly popular due to their numerous advantages, including easy handling, desirable spatiotemporal resolution, high sensitivity, fast response, and favorable biocompatibility. As a result, intensive research has been conducted to create fluorescent probes for the detection and imaging of biothiols. This brief review summarizes recent advances in the field of biothiol-responsive fluorescent probes, with an emphasis on rational probe design, including the reaction mechanism, discriminating detection, reversible detection, and specific detection. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of fluorescence probes for biothiols are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jinyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dunji Shu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology &Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology &Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology &Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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6
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Wang L, Qian Y. Modification of a SOCT-ISC type triphenylamine-BODIPY photosensitizer by a multipolar dendrimer design for photodynamic therapy and two-photon fluorescence imaging. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1459-1469. [PMID: 36602169 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of multipolar triphenylamine-BODIPY photosensitizers T-BDPn (n = 1, 2, 3) was synthesized. Compared with T-BDP1 of D-A configuration, the multipolar T-BDP3 dendrimer have higher singlet oxygen efficiency (44%), better fluorescence quantum yield (7.45%), and could be used in the simulated photodynamic therapy in A-549 cells and two-photon fluorescence imaging in zebrafish. The theoretical calculation and fs-transient absorption spectra indicated that the reason of its higher singlet oxygen efficiency was that the multipolar T-BDP3 dendrimer could generate more nearly degenerate charge transfer (CT) states and triplet states, which could further increase the possibility of spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) process. In the simulated photodynamic therapy of A-549 cells, T-BDP3 shows good cytocompatibility, great phototoxicity with its IC50 value of 3.17 μM, and could kill cancer cells effectively with the dosage of 5 μM under 10 min irradiation in the AO/EB double-staining experiment. In the fluorescence imaging of zebrafish, the experiment results indicate that T-BDP3 could generate superoxide radical (O2˙-) in the body of zebrafish and could be applied to the two-photon fluorescence imaging under 800 nm excitation. The above experiment results shown that the multipolar dendrimer design was an effective approach to improve the key parameters of SOCT-ISC-type BODIPY photosensitizer and was ready for further two-photon photodynamic therapy in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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7
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Li Y, Chen Q, Pan X, Lu W, Zhang J. New insight into the application of fluorescence platforms in tumor diagnosis: From chemical basis to clinical application. Med Res Rev 2022; 43:570-613. [PMID: 36420715 DOI: 10.1002/med.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early and rapid diagnosis of tumors is essential for clinical treatment or management. In contrast to conventional means, bioimaging has the potential to accurately locate and diagnose tumors at an early stage. Fluorescent probe has been developed as an ideal tool to visualize tumor sites and to detect biological molecules which provides a requirement for noninvasive, real-time, precise, and specific visualization of structures and complex biochemical processes in vivo. Rencently, the development of synthetic organic chemistry and new materials have facilitated the development of near-infrared small molecular sensing platforms and nanoimaging platforms. This provides a competitive tool for various fields of bioimaging such as biological structure and function imaging, disease diagnosis, in situ at the in vivo level, and real-time dynamic imaging. This review systematically focused on the recent progress of small molecular near-infrared fluorescent probes and nano-fluorescent probes as new biomedical imaging tools in the past 3-5 years, and it covers the application of tumor biomarker sensing, tumor microenvironment imaging, and tumor vascular imaging, intraoperative guidance and as an integrated platform for diagnosis, aiming to provide guidance for researchers to design and develop future biomedical diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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8
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Luo X, Zhang C, Yuan F, Cheng S, Zhu Y, Xiang M, Hu X, Xian Y. Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Peroxynitrite and Glutathione in Mitochondria: Accurate Discrimination of Inflammatory and Progressing Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15790-15800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingxin Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Miaomiao Xiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuezhong Xian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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9
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Mostafa IM, Liu H, Hanif S, Gilani MRHS, Guan Y, Xu G. Synthesis of a Novel Electrochemical Probe for the Sensitive and Selective Detection of Biothiols and Its Clinical Applications. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6853-6859. [PMID: 35476395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to estimate and quantify biothiols in biological fluids is very significant for attaining a detailed understanding of biothiols-related pathological diseases. Most of the developed methods for biothiols detection are not suitable for this purpose owing to their low sensitivity, poor selectivity, and long experimental procedures. In this study, a novel and simple structure electrochemical probe has been synthesized for the first time for the selective determination of biothiols. The developed probe is based on using 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl moiety (DNBS) as a selective recognition moiety for biothiols. The electrochemical probe was successfully fabricated through a facile one-step reaction between 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (DNBS-Cl) and p-aminophenol. The successful synthesis of the probe was confirmed by using different characterization techniques such as an NMR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Biothiols can selectively cleave the DNBS moiety through an aromatic nucleophilic substitution (ANS) reaction within 10 min to release p-aminophenol, which is a highly electrochemical active molecule that can be selectively detected easily by cyclic voltammetry at low potential. The probe has been employed for the quantification of cysteine, glutathione, and homocysteine with a LOD of 1.50, 3.48, and 4.67 μM, respectively. Excellent recoveries have been achieved in the range of 95.44-98.71% for the determination of the total biothiols in the human plasma sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Mostafa
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, PR China.,Minia University, Minia 61519, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Hongzhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, PR China
| | - Saima Hanif
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | | | - Yiran Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, PR China
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10
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Design of an ICT-based fluorescent probe with excellent sensitivity for visualizing GSH levels in live cells. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Jia M, Wei L, Lu Y, Zhang R, Chen Q, Xia W, Liu Y, Li F, Zhou Y. A mitochondria targetable near-infrared fluorescence probe for glutathione visual biological detection. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2668-2674. [PMID: 35425335 PMCID: PMC8979032 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08917j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), an abundant non-protein thiol, plays a crucial role in numerous biotic processes. Herein, a mitochondria-targeted near-infrared GSH probe (JGP) was synthesized, which displayed desired properties with high specificity and sensitivity, appreciable water solubility, and rapid response time. In the presence of GSH, nearly a 13-fold fluorescence emission growth appeared at 730 nm and the solvent color changed from blue to cyan. The sensing mechanism of JGP and GSH was confirmed by a high-resolution mass spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, good cell penetration enabled JGP to be successfully used for imaging biological samples such as HeLa cells, C. elegans, and especially rat brain slices. Imaging experiments showed that JGP could monitor the GSH concentration changes with a dose-dependent direct ratio in all the tested samples. The successful application of JGP in brain imaging indicates that JGP is a suitable GSH optical probe, which may have wide application value in fields of brain imaging. It also lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the further application of fluorescent probes in brain sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Jia
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Wei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Kunming Yunnan 650000 P. R. China
| | - Yuxun Lu
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Ruqiu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University Kunming 650500 P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Chen
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Wenjiang Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University Kunming 650500 P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Kunming Yunnan 650000 P. R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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12
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Dong J, Lu G, Tu Y, Fan C. Recent Research Progress of Red-Emitting/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Biothiols. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule biological thiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), occupy a vital position in physiological and pathological activities. Abnormal fluctuations of their concentrations are often closely connected with...
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13
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Li H, Kim Y, Jung H, Hyun JY, Shin I. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-emitting small organic molecules for cancer imaging and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8957-9008. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00722c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We discuss recent advances made in the development of NIR fluorescence-emitting small organic molecules for tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoje Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Saini A, Singh J, Kumar S. Optically superior fluorescent probes for selective imaging of cells, tumors, and reactive chemical species. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5208-5236. [PMID: 34037048 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent chemical probes have become powerful tools to study biological events in living cells. They provide a great opportunity to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the physiological and biochemical properties of living cells in real time. The ability of researchers to manipulate these probes for a desired specific purpose has turned many heads in the scientific community. Despite a slow start, fluorescent probe research has seen exponential growth over the last decade in the world. This change required some adventurous and creative scientists from different fields-like biology, medicine, and chemistry-to come together to facilitate the constant expansion of this field. This review article introduces some fundamental concepts related to fluorescent probe designing and development. It also summarizes various fluorescent probes with superior optical properties used in fields like cell biology, cellular imaging, medical research, and cancer diagnosis. It is hoped that this article will encourage more young and creative scientists to contribute their talents to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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Chen D, Nie G, Dang Y, Liang W, Li W, Zhong C. Rational design of near-infrared fluorophores with a phenolic D–A type structure and construction of a fluorescent probe for cysteine imaging. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The structural modulation of phenolic D–A type fluorophores and a NIR fluorescent probe for cysteine imaging in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Gang Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Dang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Chen D, Feng Y. Recent Progress of Glutathione (GSH) Specific Fluorescent Probes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Property, Recognition Mechanism and Bioimaging. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:649-666. [PMID: 32941060 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1819193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective detection of glutathione (GSH) in vitro and in vivo has attracted great attentions, credited to its important role in life activities and association with a series of diseases. Among all kinds of analytical techniques, the fluorescent probe for GSH detection become prevalent recently because of its ease of operation, high temporal-spatial resolution, visualization and noninvasiveness, etc. The special structural features of GSH, such as the nucleophilicity of sulfhydryl group, the concerted reaction ability of amino group, the negative charged nature, the latent hydrogen bonding ability along with its flexible molecular chain, are all potent factors to be employed to design the specific fluorescent probe for GSH and discriminate it from other bio-species including its analogues cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy). This paper reviewed the studies in the last 3 years and was organized based on the reaction mechanism of each probe. According to the reactivity of GSH, various recognition mechanisms including Michael addition, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, ordinary nucleophilic substitution, multi-site reaction, and other unique reactions have been utilized to construct the GSH specific fluorescent probes, and the molecular design strategy, photophysical property, recognition mechanism, and bioimaging application of each reported probe were all discussed here systematically. Great progress has been made in this area, and we believe the analyses and summarization of these excellent studies would provide valuable message and inspiration to researchers to advance the research toward clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhen Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Wang N, Ji X, Tao Y, Wang J, Zhao W. BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probes for Biothiols. Chemistry 2020; 26:4172-4192. [PMID: 31769552 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes for biothiols have aroused increasing interest owing to their potential to enable better understanding of the diverse physiological and pathological processes related to the biothiol species. BODIPY fluorophores exhibit excellent optical properties, which can be readily tailored by introducing diverse functional units at various positions of the BODIPY core. In the present review, the development of fluorescent probes based on BODIPYs for the detection of biothiols are systematically summarized, with emphasis on the preferable detection of individual biothiols, as well as simultaneous discrimination among cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, organelle-targeting probes for biothiols are also highlighted. The general design principles, various recognition mechanisms, and biological applications are elaboratively discussed, which could provide a useful reference to researchers worldwide interested in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Tao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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