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Thakur A, Kumar A. Unraveling the multifaceted mechanisms and untapped potential of activated carbon in remediation of emerging pollutants: A comprehensive review and critical appraisal of advanced techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140608. [PMID: 37925026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid global expansion of industrialization has resulted in the discharge of a diverse range of hazardous contaminants into the ecosystem, leading to extensive environmental contamination and posing a pressing ecological concern. In this context, activated carbon (AC) has emerged as a highly promising adsorbent, offering significant advantages over conventional forms. For instance, AC has demonstrated remarkable adsorption capabilities, as evidenced by the successful removal of atrazine and ibuprofen using KOH and KOH-CO2-activated char, achieving impressive adsorption rates of 90% and 95%, respectively, at an initial dosage of 10 mg L-1. Moreover, AC can effectively adsorb aromatic compounds through π-π stacking interactions. The aromatic rings in organic molecules can align and interact with the carbon atoms in AC's structure, leading to effective adsorption. In this review, by employing a systematic analysis of recent research findings (majorly from 2015 to 2023), an in-depth exploration of AC's evolution and its wide-ranging applications in adsorbing and remediating emerging pollutants, including dyes, organic contaminants, and hazardous gases and mitigating the adverse impacts of such emerging pollutants on ecosystems have been discussed. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and policymakers involved in environmental remediation and pollution control, facilitating the development of sustainable and effective strategies for mitigating the global impact of emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Science, Technology and Technical Education Department , Government of Bihar, 803108, India.
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Singh P, Arpita, Kumar S, Kumar P, Kataria N, Bhankar V, Kumar K, Kumar R, Hsieh CT, Khoo KS. Assessment of biomass-derived carbon dots as highly sensitive and selective templates for the sensing of hazardous ions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16241-16267. [PMID: 37439261 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01966g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Access to safe drinking water and a hygienic living environment are the basic necessities that encourage healthy living. However, the presence of various pollutants (especially toxic heavy metal ions) at high concentrations in water renders water unfit for drinking and domestic use. The presence of high concentrations of heavy-metal ions (e.g., Pb2+, Hg2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, or Cu2+) greater than their permissible limits adversely affects human health, and increases the risk of cancer of the kidneys, liver, skin, and central nervous system. Therefore, their detection in water is crucial. Due to the various benefits of "green"-synthesized carbon-dots (C-dots) over other materials, these materials are potential candidates for sensing of toxic heavy-metal ions in water sources. C-dots are very small carbon-based nanomaterials that show chemical stability, magnificent biocompatibility, excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (PL), water solubility, simple preparation strategies, photoinduced electron transfer, and the opportunity for functionalization. A new family of C-dots called "carbon quantum dots" (CQDs) are fluorescent zero-dimensional carbon nanoparticles of size < 10 nm. The green synthesis of C-dots has numerous advantages over conventional chemical routes, such as utilization of inexpensive and non-poisonous materials, straightforward operations, rapid reactions, and renewable precursors. Natural sources, such as biomass and biomass wastes, are broadly accepted as green precursors for fabricating C-dots because these sources are economical, ecological, and readily/extensively accessible. Two main methods are available for C-dots production: top-down and bottom-up. Herein, this review article discusses the recent advancements in the green fabrication of C-dots: photostability; surface structure and functionalization; potential applications for the sensing of hazardous anions and toxic heavy-metal ions; binding of toxic ions with C-dots; probable mechanistic routes of PL-based sensing of toxic heavy-metal ions. The green production of C-dots and their promising applications in the sensing of hazardous ions discussed herein provides deep insights into the safety of human health and the environment. Nonetheless, this review article provides a resource for the conversion of low-value biomass and biomass waste into valuable materials (i.e., C-dots) for promising sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, Haryana, India.
| | - Arpita
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Parmod Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Navish Kataria
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Vinita Bhankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Chien-Te Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sensitive fluorescence biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein detection in cold-chain food products based on DNA circuit and g-CNQDs@Zn-MOF. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022; 169:114032. [PMID: 36186577 PMCID: PMC9510831 DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 isolation from cold-chain food products confirms the possibility of outbreaks through cold-chain food products. RNA extraction combined with RT-PCR is the primary method currently utilized for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, the requirement of hours of analytical time and the high price of RT-PCR hinder its worldwide implementation in food supervision. Here, we report a fluorescence biosensor for detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein. The fluorescence biosensor was fabricated by aptamer-based conformational entropy-driven circuit where molecular beacon strands were labeled with graphitic carbon nitrides quantum dots@Zn-metal-organic framework (g-CNQDs@Zn-MOF) and Dabcyl. The detection of the N protein was achieved via swabbing followed by competitive assay using a fixed amount of N-48 aptamers in the analytical system. A fluorescence emission spectrum was employed for the detection. The detection limit of our fluorescence biosensor was 1.0 pg/mL for SARS-CoV-2 N protein, indicating very excellent sensitivity. The fluorescence biosensor did not exhibit significant cross-reactivity with other N proteins. Finally, the biosensor was successfully applied for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in actual cold-chain food products showing same excellent accuracy as RT-PCR method. Thus, our fluorescence biosensor is a promising analytical tool for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein.
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Ghaffar Rana A, Zahid Hussain M, Hammond N, Vlad Luca S, Fischer RA, Minceva M. Synthesis of Highly Active Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride using Acid‐Functionalized Precursors for Efficient Adsorption and Photodegradation of Endocrine‐Disrupting Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeem Ghaffar Rana
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
- Department of Chemical, Polymer, and Composite Materials Engineering University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore 39161 Pakistan
| | - Mian Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Garching 85748 Germany
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Garching 85748 Germany
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
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Patel MR, Kailasa SK. Carbon Nitride Nanomaterials: Properties, Synthetic Approaches and New Insights in Fluorescence Spectrometry for Assaying of Metal Ions, Organic and Biomolecules. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayurkumar Revabhai Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India
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Zhao P, Jin B, Yan J, Peng R. Fabrication of recyclable reduced graphene oxide/graphitic carbon nitride quantum dot aerogel hybrids with enhanced photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35147-35155. [PMID: 35493167 PMCID: PMC9043259 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06347b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recyclable photocatalysts that can efficiently respond to visible light must be developed for practical application. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/graphitic carbon nitride quantum dot (CNQD) aerogel hybrids for harvesting visible light were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The graphitic CNQDs were not only decorated on but also integrated onto the surface of rGO. The CNQDs produced photogenerated charge under visible light. 3D rGO could serve as an acceptor of the photogenerated electrons and stereoscopically facilitated the charge transfer through aerogel networks owing to its high conductivity. The ciprofloxacin removal ratio of the aerogel hybrids was about 6.1 times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4. Recyclable photocatalysts that can efficiently respond to visible light must be developed for practical application.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan P. R. China
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Tadesse A, Belachew N, Hagos M, Basavaiah K. Synthesis of Fluorescent Nitrogen and Phosphorous Co-doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Sensing of Iron, Cell Imaging and Antioxidant Activities. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:763-774. [PMID: 33655457 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQD) as the result of their exceptional physical and chemical properties show tremendous potential in various field of applications like cell imaging and doping of CQDs with elements like nitrogen and phosphorous increase its fluorescence property. Herein, we have synthesized fluorescent nitrogen and phosphorous codoped carbon quantum dots (NPCQDs) via a one-pot hydrothermal method. Sesame oil, L-Aspartic acid, and phosphoric acid were used as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous sources, respectively. UV-Vis spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the synthesized fluorescent NPCQDs. The as-synthesized NPCQDs with a particle size of 4.7 nm possess excellent water solubility, high fluorescence with high quantum yield (46%), high ionic stability, and resistance to photobleaching. MTT assay indicated the biocompatibility of NPCQDs and it was used for multicolor live-cell imaging. Besides, the NPCQDs show an effective probe of iron ions (Fe3+) in an aqueous solution with a high degree of sensitivity and selectivity. The DPPH assay showed its good antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aschalew Tadesse
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia.
| | - Neway Belachew
- Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Hagos
- Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Woldia University, 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Keloth Basavaiah
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
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Zhao P, Jin B, Zhang Q, Peng R. High-Quality Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots on Photoluminescence: Effect of Carbon Sources. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1760-1767. [PMID: 33508931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) are a new class of nanomaterial with an extraordinary photoluminescent property. Here, three highly water-soluble and photoluminescent CNQDs are synthesized through a green and facile one-step hydrothermal approach, with urea as the nitrogen source and citric acid and its salts as carbon sources. The photoluminescence (PL) performance demonstrated that the fluorescence emission peak was altered by neither the structures nor the molar ratio of urea to the carbon source. Three highly luminescent CNQDs with a quantum yield of 40% were obtained when the molar ratio of urea to sodium citrate, citric acid, and ammonium citrate was 6:1, 18:1, and 18:1, which have average sizes of 4.1, 4.6, and 6.3 nm, respectively. Moreover, the possibility of using CNQDs as potential probes to determine the concentration of iron is also discussed. The results show that the as-prepared CNQDs has high selectivity for Fe3+ ions. The quenching mechanism of CNQDs by iron is connected with the nitrogen functional groups on the surface of CNQDs. Results showed valuable information about the effects of the carbon source on the PL efficiency, biocompatibility, and metal ion detection properties of CNQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qingchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Rufan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Feng S, Pei F, Wu Y, Lv J, Hao Q, Yang T, Tong Z, Lei W. A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on g-CNQDs@Zn-MOF for the sensitive detection of riboflavin via FRET. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119004. [PMID: 33070014 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform was designed for riboflavin (RF) detection. The graphitic carbon nitrides quantum dots - Zn-MOF composite (g-CNQDs@Zn-MOF) was used as the fluorescent probe. In the FRET system, g-CNQDs@Zn-MOF and RF acted as donor and acceptor, respectively. The probe exhibited high sensitivity and good selectivity to RF, and had been successfully used for the detection of RF in milk and vitamin B2 tablets. The detection limit of the sensor was 15 nM. The strategy expanded the application of MOF in sensing filed and provided a new method for the detection of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fubin Pei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jingjing Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qingli Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tinghai Yang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Wu Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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