Eu(III) complex based on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs loxoprofen as the ligand: A novel low-toxic luminescent material for cell imaging

Current Development of Lanthanide Complexes for Biomedical Applications

Luminescent molecule-based bioimaging system is widely used for precise localization and distinction of cancer/tumor cells. Luminescent lanthanide (Ln(III)) complexes offer long-lived (sub-millisecond time scale) and sharp (FWHM <10 nm) emission, arising from the forbidden 4f-4f electronic transitions. Luminescent Ln(III) complex-based bioimaging has emerged as a promising option for both in vitro and in vivo visualizations. In this mini-review, the historical development and recent significant progress of luminescent Ln(III) probes for bioapplications are introduced. The recent studies are mainly focused on three points: (i) the structural modifications of Ln(III) complexes in both macrocyclic and small ligands, (ii) the acquirement of high resolution luminescence images of cancer/tumor cells and (iii) the constructions of ratiometric biosensors. Furthermore, our recent study is explained as a new Cancer GPS (cancer grade probing for determining tumor grade through photophysical property analyses of intracellular Eu(III) complex.

Synthsis and characterization of Tb3+/Eu3+ complexes based on 2,4,6-tris-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine ligand for ratiometric luminescence temperature sensing

By choosing C3 symmetric 2,4,6-tris-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TCTZ) as the ligand, a series of lanthanide metal-origanic complexes Tb_1-xEu_x-TCTZ(DMF)·2H₂O(x = 0, 0.01, 1) have been successfully synthesized via solvothermal reaction. The complexes present intense emission although with coordinationofwater molecules. The temperature-dependent photoluminescent (PL) properties of Tb-TCTZ is investigated both in terms of emission intensity and lifetime in order to establish their potentials as luminescent themometers. It shows excellent responseto temperature from 303 to 403 K and exhibits the maximum relative sensitivity(S_r) as high as 5.36% K^-1 at 403 K. Tb_0.99Eu_0.01-TCTZ is evaluated for application as ratiometric luminescence thermometers, which exhibits high sensitivity to temperature in range of 303-403 K, with the maximum absolute sensitivity (S_a) and S_r as 5.16% and 3.22% K^-1 respectively. The obtained maximum sensitivities in this study is superior to many materials reported. Moreover, the emission color changes from green at 303 K to red at 403 K, so that it is also suitable to act as colorimetric luminescent probes.