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Zhou X, Wang X, Cui X, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Meng X, Wang Q, Zhou J, Meng Q. Theoretical Insights into the Effect of Different Numbers of Thiophene Groups on Hydrogen Bond Interaction and Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Process for Flavonoid Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4020-4029. [PMID: 38743255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically explored the impact of varying the number of thiophene groups on the hydrogen bond interaction and excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) processes in flavonoid derivatives (STF, DTF, and TTF) using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods. Initially, a thorough analysis of the optimized geometric structures revealed that the intramolecular hydrogen bond in the S1 state is enhanced and gradually weakened as the number of thiophene groups increases. To gain a deeper understanding of the hydrogen bond interaction, topological analysis, interaction region indicator scatter plots, and isosurface plots were employed. These images provide further insights that align with the structural analysis. Additionally, we observed a red-shift in the electronic spectra (absorption and fluorescence spectra), which is primarily attributed to the narrowing of the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, as elucidated by the frontier molecular orbitals. Furthermore, a combined analysis between the hole-electron distribution and the transition density matrix heat map shows that electron excitation involves the unidirectional charge-transfer mechanism. In the end, by conducting relaxed potential energy curve scans, we found that an increase in the number of thiophene groups elevates the energy barrier for ESIPT, making it more challenging for the reaction. In summary, our study underscores the vital effect of thiophene-substituted numbers in modulating the ESIPT process, which is able to provide valuable insights for the design and synthesis of desired organic fluorescent probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xixi Cui
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Changzhe Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Xiangguo Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qingtian Meng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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Queiroz M, Alves TV, Rivelino R, Canuto S. Influence of Solvents and Halogenation on ESIPT of Benzimidazole Derivatives for Designing Turn-on Fluorescence Probes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22102-22111. [PMID: 38799309 PMCID: PMC11112562 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This work reports a theoretical investigation of the solvent polarity as well as the halogenation of benzimidazole derivatives during excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). It details how the environment and halogen substitution may contribute to the efficiency of ESIPT upon keto-enol tautomerism and exploits this effect to design fluorescence sensing. For this purpose, we first examine the conformational equilibrium of benzimidazole derivatives containing different halogen atoms, which results in intramolecular proton transfer, using density-functional theory (DFT) combined with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Then we evaluate the fluorescence of the benzimidazole derivatives in different dielectric constants within time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches. Our results quantitatively allow the determination of large Stokes shifts in nonpolar solvents around 100 nm. These theoretical results are in agreement with experimental solvatochromism studies of benzimidazoles. The effect of halogenation, with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, is less important than solvent polarization when ESIPT takes place. Thus, halogenation can be properly chosen depending on the interest of the synthesis of benzimidazole-based turn-on fluorescence in appropriate solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murillo
H. Queiroz
- Departamento
de Físico-Química, Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Tiago V. Alves
- Departamento
de Físico-Química, Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rivelino
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade Federal da
Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40210-340, Brazil
| | - Sylvio Canuto
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São
Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, São Paulo 05315-970, Brazil
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Theoretical study on the ESIPT processes and fluorescence properties of 2-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol-based derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu S, Qin M, Lu Q, Lin L, Wang CK, Fan J, Song Y. Sensing mechanism of fluorescent sensor to Cu 2+ based on inhibiting ultra-fast intramolecular proton transfer process. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119685. [PMID: 33744700 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient chemosensor 1 for detecting Cu2+ has recently been developed. However, the photophysical properties of chemosensor 1 and its response mechanism to Cu2+ are still unclear. Herein, the density functional theory and the time-dependent density functional theory approaches are implemented to investigate the excited state behavior of chemosensor 1 and its sensing mechanism for Cu2+ is revealed. Through constructing the potential energy curve with the dihedral angle of hydroxide radical as a variable, the irreversibility of the adjustment of the hydrogen proton direction is determined. This feature provides a favorable geometric configuration condition for the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond. Moreover, the reduced density gradient analysis and topological analysis are performed to visualize the hydrogen bond strength, it is found that the hydrogen bond is enhanced in first singlet excited state (S1) compared with that in ground state (S0). The chemosensor 1 has only a low potential barrier in the S1 state, indicating that it could undergo an ultra-fast excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. Furthermore, the reaction sites of chemosensor 1 and Cu2+ is theoretically predicted by the electrostatic potential analysis and the coordination mode of 1 + Cu2+-H+ is confirmed. Thus, we verify that the deprotonation inhibits the ESIPT behavior and leads to fluorescence quenching to achieve the recognition of chemosensor 1 to Cu2+. In addition, the binding energy of Cu2+ with chemosensor 1 is greater than that of Mg2+ and Zn2+, the high selectivity of chemosensor 1 to Cu2+ is illustrated. Our investigation clarifies the sensing mechanism of chemosensor 1 to Cu2+ based on inhibiting ultra-fast ESIPT process, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of new metal ion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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Panigrahi S, Biswal SP, Misra PK. Disclosure of the solvatochromism and the reversal switch in some tailor-made electron push-push anils. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gomez Pinheiro GE, Ihmels H. Fluorimetric Detection of Zn 2+, Mg 2+, and Fe 2+ with 3-Hydroxy-4-Pyridylisoquinoline as Fluorescent Probe. J Fluoresc 2020; 31:269-277. [PMID: 33340065 PMCID: PMC7820078 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridylisoquinoline to operate as fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of metal ions was investigated. For that purpose, the interactions of the title compound with selected metal ions were investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy. The complexation of Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+ with 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometry leads to characteristic optical responses that depend significantly on the employed solvents, thus allowing for the fluorimetric identification and detection of particular metal cations in a matrix-based pattern analysis or by fluorimetric titrations. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Gomez Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
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