1
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Anitha O, Thiruppathiraja T, Lakshmipathi S, Murugesapandian B. Diethylaminophenol appended pyrimidine bis hydrazone for the sequential detection of Al 3+ and PPi ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123077. [PMID: 37413920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel easy-to-prepare diethylaminophenol appended pyrimidine bis hydrazone (HD) has been designed and developed. The probe exhibits excellent sequential sensing characteristics towards Al3+ and PPi ions. The emission studies, various spectroscopic techniques and lifetime results have been utilized to understand the binding mechanism of HD with Al3+ ions and, to discover the specificity as well as the efficacy of the probe in sensing Al3+ ions. The good association constant in addition to the lower detection limit values makes the probe effective for the detection of Al3+. The in-situ produced HD-Al3+ ensemble could consecutively detect PPi via a turn-off fluorescence response and the selectivity and sensitivity characteristics of the generated ensemble towards PPi were described based on the demetallation approach. The overall sensing property of HD was perfectly employed for constructing logic gates, real water, and tablet applications. Paper strips, as well as cotton-swab experiments, were also conducted inorder to check the practical utility of the synthesized probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottoor Anitha
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Al-Saeedi A, Aydin D, Alici O. "Lighting up" fluorescence precise recognition of Al 3+ with an effective fluorescence detection using a Bisphenol A-based sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 294:122532. [PMID: 36842209 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although aluminum is a ubiquitous metal in the ecosystem and has numerous critical roles in both the medicinal and biological fields, human daily life is seriously threatened by its assorted harmful influences. By this virtue, tracking the amount of aluminum byrapid sensitive and selective recognition methodologies is of great importance. Based on this, a novel fluorescent chemosensor 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(2-(((-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazineylidene)-methyl)phenol) (BFASA) capable of recognizing Al3+ in a medium was constructed via an easy Schiff-base reaction between bisphenol A-containing molecule and the salicylaldehyde. The metal-binding studies of BFASA indicated a drastically enhanced emission with color alteration from colorless to green establishing the utility of BFASA against monitoring of Al3+ and only Cu2+/Al3+ significantly enhanced the absorbance intensity of the probe solution at 433 and 406, respectively. Its ability to selectively sense Al3+ demonstrated "switch-on" fluorescence responses for Al3+ with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.56 μM and good selectivity, and pH adaptation range (5-8). The stoichiometric ratio of BFASA against the Al3+ was verified by the Job's plot and TOF-MS analysis and determined as 1:2. To make the recognition process inexpensively, viable and straightforward, Smartphone application of BFASA was effectively applied to Al3+ sensing, which could benefit the on-site Al3+ recognition. In the fluorescence bio-imaging aspect, the BFASA could effectively monitor Al3+ in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aws Al-Saeedi
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Onder Alici
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42250 Konya, Turkey.
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3
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Xu H. A new naphthalimide-picolinohydrazide derived fluorescent "turn-on" probe for hypersensitive detection of Al 3+ ions and applications of real water analysis and bio-imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 275:121193. [PMID: 35364410 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-selective chemosensors for trace Al3+ detection in the ecosystem is crucially importance due to its detrimental effects. In this work, a simple Schiff-base fluorescent probe NPP derived from naphthalimide and picolinohydrazide was rationally designed and prepared for efficient detection of Al3+. NPP exhibited prominent sensing behaviors toward Al3+ with low detection limit (LOD) (39 nM), rapid response time (1 min), strong binding affinity (4.02 × 104), good anti-interference characteristics and visual detection. Binding ratio of NPP-Al3+ complex was determined to be 1:1 by Job's plot analysis. In addition, the chelation mechanism of NPP with Al3+ ions was proposed and substantiated by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), IR spectrum and 1H NMR titration experiments. Furthermore, this "signal-on" probe NPP was efficiently utilized as a promising indicator for Al3+ detection in environmental and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhu Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China.
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4
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Song YF, Cai HX, Wu WN, Zong HT, Li M, Wang Y, Fan YC, Xu ZH. A simple hydrazone probe for recognition of Al 3+ and PPi and its applicability in lysosomal imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120680. [PMID: 34906844 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple hydrazone probe (1) was designed and synthesized for the successive detection of Al3+ and pyrophosphate (PPi) in almost 100% buffer environment. The probe provided O2N donor set for chelation with Al3+, leading to a distinct fluorescence boost at 510 nm. The in-situ formed 1-Al3+ complex detected PPi with an "on-off" behavior. The detection limits for Al3+ and PPi were 35.7 nM and 76 nM, respectively. Benefiting from the existence of morpholine as lysosome-targeting group, probe 1 was successfully applied to the detection of Al3+ and PPi in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Hong-Xin Cai
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China.
| | - Hai-Tao Zong
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China.
| | - Yun-Chang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuchang University, 461000, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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5
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Ganesan G, Pownthurai B, Kotwal NK, Yadav M, Chetti P, Chaskar A. Function-oriented synthesis of fluorescent chemosensor for selective detection of Al3+ in neat aqueous solution: Paperstrip detection & DNA bioimaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Karuk Elmas SN, Aydin D, Savran T, Caliskan E, Koran K, Arslan FN, Sadi G, Gorgulu AO, Yilmaz I. A Fluorene based Fluorogenic ''Turn-off'' Chemosensor for the Recognition
of Cu2+ and Fe2+: Computational Modeling and Living-cell Application. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210322112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The traditional methods for the detection and quantification of Cu2+ and Fe3+
heavy metal ions are usually troublesome in terms of high-cost, non-portable, time-consuming, specialized
personnel and complicated tools, so their applications in practical analyses is limited. Therefore,
the development of cheap, fast and simple-use techniques/instruments with high sensitivity/selectivity
for the detection of heavy metal ions is highly demanded and studied.
Methods:
In this study, a fluorene-based fluorescent 'turn-off' sensor, methyl 2-(2-((((9H-fluoren-9-
yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3- phenylpropanamido) acetate (probe FLPG) was synthesized via onepot
reaction and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-APT-NMR, HETCOR, ATR-FTIR and elemental
analysis in detailed. All emission spectral studies of the probe FLPG have been performed in
CH3CN/HEPES (9/1, v/v, pH=7.4) media at rt. The quantum (Φ) yield of probe FLPG decreased considerably
in the presence of Cu2+ and Fe3+. The theoretical computation of probe FLPG and its complexes
were also performed using density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, bio-imaging experiments
of the probe FLPG was successfully carried out for Cu2+ and Fe3+ monitoring in living-cells.
Results:
The probe FLPG could sense Cu2+ and Fe3+ with high selectivity and sensitivity, and quantitative
correlations (R2>0.9000) between the Cu2+/Fe3+ concentrations (0.0−10.0 equiv). The limits of detection
for Cu2+ and Fe3+ were found as 25.07 nM and 37.80 nM, respectively. The fluorescence
quenching in the sensor is managed by ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism. Job’s plot
was used to determine the binding stoichiometry (1:2) of the probe FLPG towards Cu2+ and Fe3+. The
binding constants with strongly interacting Cu2+ and Fe3+ were determined as 4.56×108 M-2 and
2.02×1010 M-2, respectively, via the fluorescence titration experiments. The outcomes of the computational
study supported the fluorescence data. Moreover, the practical application of the probe FLPG
was successfully performed for living cells.
Conclusion:
This simple chemosensor system offers a highly selective and sensitive sensing platform
for the routine detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+, and it keeps away from the usage of costly and sophisticated
analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriye Nihan Karuk Elmas
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Tahir Savran
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Eray Caliskan
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Kenan Koran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Sadi
- Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu
Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Orhan Gorgulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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7
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Ju L, Shao Q, Lu L, Lu H. A New Turn-On Fluorescent Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Al 3+ Based on a Purine Schiff Base and Its Cell Imaging. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Yang D, Zhu B, Zhang D, Zhang X, Liu W, Xue J, Wei Y, Bi C, Fan Y. A Bifunctional “Off‐On” Fluorescence Probe Based on Naphthalene for the Detection of Ag
+
and Al
3+
and Its Application in Practical Water Samples, as a Logic gate and as Test Paper. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
| | - Yaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
| | - Caifeng Bi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 PR China
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9
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Xu H, Chen W, Ju L, Lu H. A purine based fluorescent chemosensor for the selective and sole detection of Al 3+ and its practical applications in test strips and bio-imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119074. [PMID: 33120119 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel purine Schiff base fluorescent probe (WYW), (E)-4-methyl-2-((2-(9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-8-(thiophen-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol, was designed and prepared as an excellent reversible fluorescent chemosensor for monitoring Al3+. The fluorogenic "turn-on" sensor WYW exhibited high selectivity towards Al3+ over other coexistent metal ions, accompanying with an obvious visual color change in DMSO/H2O (9/1, v/v, pH = 7.4) media. The enhancement fluorescence of WYW could be attributed to the inhibition of PET and ESIPT process induced by Al3+. Notably, the WYW-Al3+ complex exhibited a fluorescence "turn-off" response towards F- with exceptional selectivity via the displacement approach. The detection limit of WYW for Al3+ was calculated to be as low as 82 nM. The formation of complex WYW-Al3+ (1:1 stoichiometry) was confirmed by Job's methods and further verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the probe WYW with low cytotoxicity and excellent membrane-permeable property has also been successfully applied for detecting low concertation Al3+ in living HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Lixin Ju
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China.
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10
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Aydin D, Karuk Elmas SN, Akin Geyik G, Bostanci A, Arslan FN, Savran T, Sadi G, Yilmaz I. 1,8-Naphthalimide appended propiolate-based fluorescent sensor for selective detection of cysteine over glutathione and homocysteine in living cells. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorogenic chemoprobe NASP was designed and developed as a sensor platform for the selective detection of biologically important cysteine over glutathione and homocysteine in living-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Sukriye Nihan Karuk Elmas
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Gonul Akin Geyik
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Aykut Bostanci
- Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Tahir Savran
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Sadi
- Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
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11
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Liu Y, Gao S, Yang L, Liu YL, Liang XM, Ye F, Fu Y. A Highly Selective Perylenediimide-Based Chemosensor: "Naked-Eye" Colorimetric and Fluorescent Turn-On Recognition for Al 3. Front Chem 2020; 8:702. [PMID: 33024742 PMCID: PMC7516037 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel “turn-on” fluorescent probe (PCN) was designed, synthesized, and characterized with perylene tetracarboxylic disimide as the fluorophore and Schiff base subunit as the metal ion receptor. The probe demonstrated a considerable fluorescence enhancement in the presence of Al3+ in DMF with high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the considerably “off–on” fluorescence response simultaneously led to the apparent color change from colorless to brilliant yellow, which could also be identified by naked eye easily. The sensing capability of PCN to Al3+ was evaluated by the changes in ultraviolet–visible, fluorescence, Fourier transform–infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectroscopies. The linear concentration range for Al3+ was 0–63 μM with a detection limit of 0.16 μM, which allowed for the quantitative determination of Al3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Long Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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12
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Aydin D, Gunay IB, Karuk Elmas SN, Savran T, Arslan FN, Sadi G, Yilmaz I. A simple and sensitive fluorescent sensor platform for Al3+ sensing in aqueous media and monitoring through combined PET and ESIPT mechanisms: practical applications in drinking water and bio-imaging. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02487b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel hydrazide-based probe was designed and prepared as a fluorogenic “turn-on” sensor for Al3+ sensing in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydin
- Department of Chemistry
- Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
- Karaman
- Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Berk Gunay
- Department of Chemistry
- Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
- Karaman
- Turkey
| | | | - Tahir Savran
- Department of Chemistry
- Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
- Karaman
- Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Arslan
- Department of Chemistry
- Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
- Karaman
- Turkey
| | - Gokhan Sadi
- Department of Biology Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
- Karaman
- Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry
- Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
- Karaman
- Turkey
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