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Kelani KM, Fekry RA, Fayez YM, Hassan SA. Advanced chemometric methods for simultaneous quantitation of caffeine, codeine, paracetamol, and p-aminophenol in their quaternary mixture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2085. [PMID: 38267465 PMCID: PMC10808474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two different multivariate techniques have been applied for the quantitative analysis of caffeine, codeine, paracetamol and p-aminophenol (PAP) in quaternary mixture, namely, Partial Least Squares (PLS-1) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). For suitable analysis, a calibration set of 25 mixtures with various ratios of the drugs and PAP impurity were established using a 4-factor 5-level experimental design. The most meaningful wavelengths for the chemometric models were chosen using Genetic Algorithm (GA) as a variable selection technique. By using an independent validation set, the validity of the proposed methods was evaluated. A comparative study was established between the three multivariate models (PLS-1, GA-PLS and GA-ANN). The comparison between the various models revealed that the GA-ANN model was superior at resolving the highly overlapped spectra of this quaternary combination. The drugs were successfully quantified in their pharmaceutical dosage form utilizing the GA-ANN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga M Kelani
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Reham A Fekry
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-Hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th District, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Fayez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Said A Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Singh VD, Singh VK, Daharwal SJ. Utilization of Chemometric-Aided UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Concurrent Assessment of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Elvitegravir, and Cobicistat in Tablet Formulation. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1673-1681. [PMID: 37289523 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emtricitabine (ETC), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TNF), elvitegravir (EVG), and cobicistat (CBS) are antiviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. OBJECTIVE To develop chemometric-aided UV spectrophotometric methods for concurrent estimation of the aforementioned drugs used to treat HIV. This method can be used to reduce modification of the calibration model by assessing the absorbance at various points in the zero-order spectra within the selected wavelength range. Additionally, it eliminates interfering signals and provides sufficient resolution in multi-component systems. METHODS Two chemometric-assisted UV spectrophotometric methods, namely, partial least-squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) models, were established for the concurrent assessment of EVG, CBS, TNF, and ETC in tablet formulations. The proposed methods were applied to decrease complexity of overlapped spectra and to achieve maximum sensitivity and the lowest error. These approaches were performed in accordance with International Council on Harmonization (ICH) criteria and compared to the reported HPLC method. RESULTS The proposed methods were used to assess EVG, CBS, TNF, and ETC in the ranges of 5-30, 5-30 , 5-50, and 5-50 µg/mL, respectively, with an excellent correlation coefficient (r2 ≥ 0.998). The accuracy and precision results were found to be within the acceptable limits. No statistical difference was observed between the proposed and reported studies. CONCLUSION The chemometric-aided UV spectrophotometric approaches could be considered as alternatives to chromatographic procedures in the pharmaceutical industry for routine analysis and testing of readily accessible commercial formulations. HIGHLIGHTS Novel chemometric-assisted UV spectrophotometric techniques were developed for assessment of multicomponent antiviral combinations in single-tablet formulations. The proposed methods were performed without using harmful solvents, tedious preparation, or expensive instruments. The proposed methods were compared statistically with a reported HPLC method. Assessment of EVG, CBS, TNF, and ETC was performed without interference from excipients in their multicomponent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Devi Singh
- Shri Rawatpura Sarkar College of Pharmacy, Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University, Dhaneli, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Shri Rawatpura Sarkar College of Pharmacy, Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University, Dhaneli, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| | - Sanjay J Daharwal
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
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Hassan SA, Fekry RA, Fayez YM, Kelani KM. Continuous wavelet transform for solving the problem of minor components in quantitation of pharmaceuticals: a case study on the mixture of ibuprofen and phenylephrine with its degradation products. BMC Chem 2023; 17:140. [PMID: 37876002 PMCID: PMC10599045 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of minor components represents a challenging problem in spectrophotometric analysis of pharmaceuticals. If one component has a low absorptivity or present in a low concentration compared to the other components, this will hinder its quantitation by spectrophotometric methods. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) as a signal processing technique was utilized to figure out a solution to such a problem. A comparative study was established between traditional derivative spectrophotometry (Numerical Differentiation, ND) and CWT to indicate the advantages and limitations of each technique and possibility of solving the problem of minor components. A mixture of ibuprofen (IBU) and phenylephrine (PHE) with its degradation products forming a ternary mixture was used for comparing the two techniques. The two techniques were applied on raw spectral data and on ratio spectra data resulting in four methods, namely ND, CWT, Derivative Ratio-Zero Crossing (DRZC) and Continuous Wavelet Transform Ratio-Zero Crossing (CWTR-ZC) methods. By comparing the results in laboratory prepared mixtures, CWT technique showed advantages in analysis of mixtures with minor components than ND. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1), where their linearity was established with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9999. The linearity was in the range 3-40 μg/mL for PHE in all methods, while for IBU it was 20-180 and 30-180 μg/mL in CWT and ND methods, respectively. The CWT methods were applied for quantitative determination of the drugs in their dosage form showing the ability of the methods to quantitate minor components in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Reham A Fekry
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-Hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th district, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Fayez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Khadiga M Kelani
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Kelani KM, Fayez YM, Abdel-Raoof AM, Fekry RA, Hassan SA. Development of an eco-friendly HPLC method for the stability indicating assay of binary mixture of ibuprofen and phenylephrine. BMC Chem 2023; 17:141. [PMID: 37876006 PMCID: PMC10598928 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and validation of the stability indicating HPLC technique has contributed to the understanding of the stability profile of ibuprofen (IBU) and phenylephrine (PHE). Stability profile was achieved for PHE; the drug was found to be liable to be influenced by stress oxidative conditions; two oxidative degradants (Deg1 & Deg2) were formed and their structures were confirmed using IR and mass spectrometry. The drugs and degradation products were successfully separated using a gradient elution method on YMC-C8 column with 0.1% hexanesulfonic acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase at pH 6.6. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and a diode array detector operating at 220 nm was used for UV detection. The retention times of degradants Deg1, Deg2, ibuprofen (IBU), and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) were 2.0, 2.2, 3.2 and 7.0 min, respectively. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness using ICH guidelines. The linearities of ibuprofen and phenylephrine hydrochloride were in the range of 10-100 μg/mL and 0.3-10 μg/mL, respectively. The % recoveries of the two drugs were found to be 100.75 ± 1.44%, 99.67% ± 1.67, and the LOD was found to be 2.75/mL and 0.09/mL for IBU, and PHE, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the estimation of ibuprofen and phenylephrine hydrochloride combination in pharmaceutical dosage form. The proposed technique was validated using ICH guidelines and its greenness was assessed according to Analytical Eco Scale metric (AES). Molecular docking was used to assess the two drugs and PHE oxidative degradants interaction with the stationary phase and to confirm the outcomes of the proposed method with regard to the order of elution of the two drugs and PHE degradation products. Eco-friendly and environmental safety were assessed through the application of one of the most applicable greenness assessment tool; Analytical Eco Scale metric (AES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga M Kelani
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Fayez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Raoof
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Reham A Fekry
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th District, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Said A Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Al-Motamayez District, P.O. Box 77, 6th of October City, Egypt
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Elgazzar E, Said RA, El-Zomrawy AA, Ashmawy AM, Abdel-Raoof AM, Mostafa WA, Ibrahim H, El-Attar AAM. The fabrication of an innovative extremely sensitive nano green carbon paste electrode amended with the nanocomposite CuO/Y for electrochemical quantification of amprolium in sheep meat and liver samples. Food Chem 2022; 385:132668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lazuardi M, Hestianah EP, Restiadi TI. Designing prototype rapid test device at qualitative performance to detect residue of tetracycline in chicken carcass. Vet World 2022; 15:1058-1065. [PMID: 35698527 PMCID: PMC9178584 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1058-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Human health problems due as a microbial resistance or tumors and cancers because consumption of the carcasses containing residues of tetracycline are main global problems in the context of fight against antimicrobial resistance phenomena. Explanation of the sustainable development goals, particularly point 3, is well recognized that all animal products for human consumption must be safe to live a healthy life. This study aimed to design a prototype of rapid test devices (RTD) based on principles of precipitate to obtain a specific color change after the process of reactions as an indicator to determine tetracycline residues in the carcass. Materials and Methods: Five samples of tetracycline-containing poultry carcasses using artificial add the tetracycline at pharmaceutics grade were examined using a prototype of a strong reaction solution for tetracycline fixation based on the concept bonded by ion Fe(III) at atom O in position atom C-1 at the ring of tetracycline and ion N+ as the functional branch of tetracycline. RTD detection was evaluated using a yellow color presentation and an absorbance spectrometric technique at a wavelength of 273 nm. Results: The following chemicals were used to create the best-fixed tetracycline residue: HCl and H2SO4 dissolved in H2O, chromatographic grade of 0.1 N and 0.5 N of HNO3, and 1% Fe (III) Cl. The RTD had a higher limit of detection (LOD) than the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that RTD, as constructed in this study, can be used to detect residue at LOD 44.764 mg/mL during 120 min of exposure through a light-emitting diode at 980 nm wavelength (p<0.05). The necessity for using RTD was because of the apparent limitations of conventional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochamad Lazuardi
- Veterinary-Pharmacy Science Subdivision, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo rd. "C" Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah
- Veterinary Histology Subdivision, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo rd. "C" campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tjuk Imam Restiadi
- Veterinary Reproduction Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo rd. "C" Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
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Hassan SA, Nashat NW, Elghobashy MR, Abbas SS, Moustafa AA. Advanced chemometric methods as powerful tools for impurity profiling of drug substances and drug products: Application on bisoprolol and perindopril binary mixture. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120576. [PMID: 34774433 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Impurity profiling has a rising importance nowadays due to the increased health problems associated with impurities and degradation products found in several drug substances and formulations. Three advanced, accurate and precise chemometric methods were developed as impurity profiling methods for a mixture of bisoprolol fumarate (BIS) and perindopril arginine (PER) with their degradation products which represent drug impurity or a precursor to such impurity. The methods applied were Partial Least Squares (PLS-1), Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used as a variable selection tool to select the most significant wavelengths for the three chemometric models. For proper analysis, a 5-factor 5-level experimental design was used to establish a calibration set of 25 mixtures containing different ratios of the drugs and their degradation products (impurities). The validity of the proposed methods was assessed using an independent validation set. The designed models were able to predict the concentrations of the drugs and the degradation products/impurities in the validation set and pharmaceutical formulation. The proposed methods presented a powerful alternative to traditional and expensive chromatographic methods as impurity profiling tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science & Technology, Al-Motamayez District, P.O. Box 77, 6th of October City, Egypt.
| | - Nancy W Nashat
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; October 6 University, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 city, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Azza A Moustafa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Ali S, Abdelhalim A. Removal of amprolium from water by roots and seeds ash of Salvadora persica. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1850623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah Ali
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- The National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Abdelhalim
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
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