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Tiris G, Genc AA, Erk N. Development of a green high-performance liquid chromatography method for tofacitinib quantification in pharmaceutical formulations and degradation studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5868. [PMID: 38563395 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was applied for the quantification of the active substance of tofacitinib. Analysis was performed on a Chromasil 100 C18 (100.0 × 4.0 mm, 3.5 μm) stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:0.2% phosphoric acid in water (12:88, v/v). The prepared sample (20.0 μL) was injected into the system. A detection wavelength of 285.0 nm was chosen for the compound, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The experiment was completed in 5.0 min. The analysis temperature was set to 40.0°C. The method was evaluated using green chemistry. The method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. For linearity studies calibration curves were constructed in the range of 10.0-200.0 μg/mL. The recovery values were calculated at 97.66% and 105.68%. The method developed for the analysis of the active substance had a short analysis time and was cost-effective. It is an environmentally friendly method due to the mobile phase content used. The technique can be used in laboratory analysis and bioequivalence experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tiris
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asena Ayse Genc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- The Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Erk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Priya S, Singhvi G. Determination of 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid in analytical and biological samples using streamlined and robust RP-HPLC method. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3847-3858. [PMID: 38841864 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
AKBA (3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid) is a phytoconstituent derived from Boswellia serrata extract and utilized in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Drug delivery approaches showed interest in delivering AKBA with advanced nanotechnology. There is a need for a simple, sensitive, and robust HPLC method that can determine AKBA in complex nanoformulation and in vitro and ex vivo samples. In the proposed work, the RP-HPLC method was developed using a mobile phase comprising a mixture of acetonitrile : milli Q (90 : 10) at detection λmax 250 nm. The method exhibited a linearity of 250 to 20 000 ng mL-1 with a high correlation coefficient of 1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the analytes were found to be 41.32 ng mL-1 and 125.21 ng mL-1, respectively. In the accuracy study, the % recovery of AKBA was found to be 98% to 102%, and the precision study showed less than 2% relative standard deviation. The developed method was found to be robust under chromatographic conditions with changes in pH and mobile phase mixture ratio. The method was also explored for forced degradation study, and the results showed the successful separation of degradation products from the AKBA. Further, the RP-HPLC method was applied for the quantification of AKBA in topical nanoformulations and different matrices, such as skin matrices and adhesive tapes. The method was able to measure entrapment efficiency (93.13 ± 1.94%), drug loading (25.83 ± 0.54%), drug assay in a gel matrix (96.99 ± 3.89%), drug amount in stratum corneum (7.90 ± 0.62 μg cm-2), and drug amount in viable skin layers (33.94 ± 0.21 μg cm-2) with high-speed reproducibility. The developed method can be utilized for the routine analysis of AKBA in conventional and complex formulations in academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Priya
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Singh S, Tiwary N, Sharma N, Behl T, Antil A, Anwer MK, Ramniwas S, Sachdeva M, Elossaily GM, Gulati M, Ohja S. Integrating Nanotechnological Advancements of Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs into Rheumatoid Arthritis Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:248. [PMID: 38399463 PMCID: PMC10891986 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is a class of anti-rheumatic medicines that are frequently prescribed to patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and azathioprine are examples of non-biologic DMARDs that are being used for alleviating pain and preventing disease progression. Biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) like infliximab, rituximab, etanercept, adalimumab, tocilizumab, certolizumab pegol, and abatacept have greater effectiveness with fewer adverse effects in comparison to non-biologic DMARDs. This review article delineates the classification of DMARDs and their characteristic attributes. The poor aqueous solubility or permeability causes the limited oral bioavailability of synthetic DMARDs, while the high molecular weights along with the bulky structures of bDMARDs have posed few obstacles in their drug delivery and need to be addressed through the development of nanoformulations like cubosomes, nanospheres, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanomicelles, liposome, niosomes, and nanostructured lipid carrier. The main focus of this review article is to highlight the potential role of nanotechnology in the drug delivery of DMARDs for increasing solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability for the improved management of RA. This article also focusses on the different aspects of nanoparticles like their applications in biologics, biocompatibility, body clearance, scalability, drug loading, and stability issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India; (S.S.); (N.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Neha Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India; (S.S.); (N.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India; (S.S.); (N.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anita Antil
- Janta College of Pharmacy, Butana, Sonepat 131302, Haryana, India;
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatimah College of Health Sciences, Al-Ain P.O. Box 24162, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 716666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 1444411, Punjab, India;
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 20227, Australia
| | - Shreesh Ohja
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Álvarez K, Palacio J, Agudelo NA, Anacona CA, Castaño D, Vásquez G, Rojas M. B cell-targeted polylactic acid nanoparticles as platform for encapsulating jakinibs: potential therapeutic strategy for systemic lupus erythematosus. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:2001-2019. [PMID: 38084660 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: B cells are pivotal in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Materials & methods: To address this, Nile Red-labeled polylactic acid nanoparticles (NR-PLA NPs) loaded with the JAK inhibitor baricitinib (BARI), specifically targeting JAK1 and JAK2 in B cells, were developed. Results: Physicochemical characterization confirmed NP stability over 30 days. NR-PLA NPs were selectively bound and internalized by CD19+ B cells, sparing other leukocytes. In contrast to NR-PLA NPs, BARI-NR-PLA NPs significantly dampened B-cell activation, proliferation and plasma cell differentiation in healthy controls. They also inhibited key cytokine production. These effects often surpassed those of equimolar-free BARI. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of PLA NPs to regulate autoreactive B cells, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Álvarez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juliana Palacio
- Grupo De Investigación Ciencia de Los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 310; Medellín, Colombia
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 65A No. 59A-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Agudelo
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Formulaciones Químicas, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Cristian A Anacona
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Castaño
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
- Unidad de Citometría de Flujo, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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Leu JSL, Teoh JJX, Ling ALQ, Chong J, Loo YS, Mat Azmi ID, Zahid NI, Bose RJC, Madheswaran T. Recent Advances in the Development of Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051421. [PMID: 37242663 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their distinctive structural features, lyotropic nonlamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs), such as cubosomes and hexosomes, are considered effective drug delivery systems. Cubosomes have a lipid bilayer that makes a membrane lattice with two water channels that are intertwined. Hexosomes are inverse hexagonal phases made of an infinite number of hexagonal lattices that are tightly connected with water channels. These nanostructures are often stabilized by surfactants. The structure's membrane has a much larger surface area than that of other lipid nanoparticles, which makes it possible to load therapeutic molecules. In addition, the composition of mesophases can be modified by pore diameters, thus influencing drug release. Much research has been conducted in recent years to improve their preparation and characterization, as well as to control drug release and improve the efficacy of loaded bioactive chemicals. This article reviews current advances in LCNP technology that permit their application, as well as design ideas for revolutionary biomedical applications. Furthermore, we have provided a summary of the application of LCNPs based on the administration routes, including the pharmacokinetic modulation property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jassica S L Leu
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jasy J X Teoh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Angel L Q Ling
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joey Chong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Shan Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Diana Mat Azmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Idayu Zahid
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajendran J C Bose
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501, USA
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Mudjahid M, Meidianto Asri R, Nainu F, Dian Permana A. Validation of spectrophotometric method to quantify chloramphenicol in fluid and rat skin tissue mimicking infection environment: Application to in vitro release and ex vivo dermatokinetic studies from dissolving microneedle loaded microparticle sensitive bacteria. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122374. [PMID: 36682254 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulitis is a common dermis/subcutaneous tissue skin infection and shared global disease burden, with a higher incidence for males and people aged 45-64 years. Application therapy of chloramphenicol (CHL) has been hindered because of its toxicity and limited penetration into the skin. In this research, CHL was developed into a bacterially sensitive microparticles which were further incorporated into a microneedle system to increase penetration. To support this formulation, in this study, UV-vis spectrophotometry method was validated in methanol, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 1%, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), tryptic soy broth (TSB) (fluid-mimicking infection), and skin tissue to quantify amount of CHL. The developed analytical method was subsequently validated according to ICH guidelines. The results obtained showed that the correlation coefficients were linear ≥0.9934. The values of LLOQ inside the methanol, PVA 1%, PBS, TSB, and skin tissue were 7.20 µg/mL, 4.40 µg/mL, 8.18 µg/mL, 387.48 µg/mL, and 7.27 µg/mL, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the developed method were prominent. These methods were successfully applied to quantify the amount of CHL in microparticle and microneedle system in fluid and tissue skin infection. The result showed the high drug release microparticle sensitive bacteria, and high drug retention in ex vivo dermatokinetic evaluation in rat skin tissue containing bacterial infection. This was due to the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria culture that produced lipase enzymes, playing a role in lysing microparticle matrix to develop selectively delivery antimicrobials. A further analytical method needs to be matured to quantify CHL inside the in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukarram Mudjahid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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7
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Gorantla S, Rao Puppala E, Naidu V, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Design of chondroitin sulphate coated proglycosomes for localized delivery of tofacitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 186:43-54. [PMID: 36940886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Long-term oral tofacitinib (TOF) administration has been linked to serious side effects majorly immunological suppression. The aim of this work was to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TOF by chondroitin sulphate (CS) coated proglycosomes through the anchoring of high-affinity CS to CD44 receptors on immune cells in the inflammatory region. The CS was coated onto the TOF-loaded proglycosomes (CS-TOF-PG) formulations and they were evaluated for in vitro drug release, ex vivo (permeation, dermatokinetics) studies. In vivo efficacy studies were carried out in Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model. The optimized CS-TOF-PG showed particle sizes of 181.13 ± 7.21 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 78.85 ± 3.65 %. Ex-vivo studies of CS-TOF-PG gel exhibited 1.5-fold high flux and 1.4-fold dermal retention compared to FD-gel. The efficacy study revealed that CS-TOF-PG showed a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in inflammation in arthritic rat paws compared to the TOF oral and FD gel. The current study ensured that the CS-TOF-PG topical gel system would provide a safe and effective formulation for localization and site-specific delivery of TOF at the RA site and overcome the adverse effects associated with the TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India - 333031
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Vgm Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Ranendra N Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India - 333031
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India - 333031.
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Gorantla S, Puppala ER, Naidu V, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Hyaluronic acid-coated proglycosomes for topical delivery of tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis condition: Formulation design, in vitro, ex vivo characterization, and in vivo efficacy studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:207-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gorantla S, Batra U, Rn S, Puppala ER, Waghule T, Naidu V, Singhvi G. Emerging trends in microneedle-based drug delivery strategies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:395-407. [PMID: 35287532 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2053674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current drug therapies for treating Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) include NSAIDs, DMARDs, or biological products designed to mitigate the symptoms of the disease. These therapies with conventional delivery systems possess limitations such as lack of selectivity and adverse effects in the extra-articular tissues. Microneedles-based transdermal drug delivery gained huge attention that can overcome the limitations associated with conventional preparations. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide detailed information on types of Microneedles (MNs) and their usage in drug delivery for the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. In addition, it also provides evidence for the effective use of MNs in RA treatment. Various types of MNs, their regulatory status, clinical trials and patents are also compiled in this review. EXPERT OPINION Microneedles are small patch-like structures consisting of needles in micron range arranged in array-like structure, used to manage drugs designed to be given via transdermal route. Microneedles provide painless delivery, fast onset of action, bypass the first-pass metabolism and be easily self-administered. In the case of RA treatment, which requires a long-term application of drugs, MNs is a new and emerging way to ease the symptoms of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India, 333031
| | - Unnati Batra
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India, 333031
| | - Samshritha Rn
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India, 333031
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India, 333031
| | - Vgm Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India, 333031
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Enggi CK, Isa HT, Wijaya S, Ardika KAR, Asri RM, Donnelly RF, Permana AD. Validation of spectrophotometric method to quantify cabotegravir in simulated vaginal fluid and porcine vaginal tissue in ex vivo permeation and retention studies from thermosensitive and mucoadhesive gels. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120600. [PMID: 34802927 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cabotegravir (CAB) is an antiretroviral therapy (ARV) used for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment. CAB has low solubility, which affects its bioavailability in oral therapy. Moreover, the injection form of CAB has difficulty in the administration process. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new drug delivery system for CAB. Vaginal drug delivery system offers many advantages such as a large surface area, increased drug bioavailability, and improved drug delivery. CAB was developed in thermosensitive and mucoadhesive vaginal gel preparations that provided optimal distribution in the vaginal mucosa. To support the process of formulation development, in this study, UV-visible spectrophotometry method was validated in methanol, simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) and vaginal tissue to quantify the amount of CAB in the gel preparations, in vitro, and ex vivo studies, respectively. The developed analytical method was subsequently validated according to ICH guidelines. The calibration curves in these matrices were found to be linear with correlation coefficient values (R2) ≥ 0.998. The LLOQ values in methanol, SVF and vaginal tissue were 2.15 µg/mL, 2.22 µg/mL, and 5.13 µg/mL, respectively. The developed method was found to be accurate and precise without being affected by dilution integrity. These methods were successfully applied to quantify the amount of CAB in gel preparations, in vitro, and ex vivo studies, showing uniformity of drug content and controlled release manner in the permeation profile for 24 h for both thermosensitive and mucoadhesive vaginal gels. Further analytical method is required to be developed for the quantification of CAB in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stevens Wijaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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11
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Gorantla S, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Design of experiment-driven stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of tofacitinib in nanoparticles and skin matrix. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tofacitinib—an oral JAK inhibitor—has been recently approved by US FDA to treat moderate to severe RA. The delivery of tofacitinib to specific inflammation site at joint via topical route using nanoformulations helps in managing the potential adverse effects. The objective is to develop and validate a simple, specific, and sensitive stability-indicating HPLC method for quantification of tofacitinib in topical nanoformulations and different matrices (adhesive tape, and skin layers, i.e., stratum corneum, viable epidermis, and dermis). The major objective was to avoid use of instruments like LC–MS/MS and to ensure a widespread application of the method.
Result
A 32 factorial ‘design of experiments’ was applied to optimize process variables, to understand the effect of variables on peak properties. The calibration curve showed regression coefficient (R2) 0.9999 and linearity in the concentration range of 50 to 15,000 ng/mL, which is suitable for the analysis of conventional dosage forms and nanoformulations. Method validation was performed as per ICH guideline Q2 (R1). The accuracy by recovery studies ranged between 98.09 and 100.82%. The % relative standard deviations in intraday and interday precisions were in the range of 1.16–1.72 and 1.22–1.80%, respectively. Forced degradation studies indicated the specificity of method and showed stability-indicating potential for tofacitinib peak.
Conclusion
The validated method provides a quantification method of tofacitinib in the presence of formulation excipients, dissolution media, and skin tissues in detail. In addition, the method was successfully utilized for determination of various dermatokinetics profile of tofacitinib.
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