1
|
Senpradit Y, Wacharasindhu S, Sukwattanasinitt M. Novel highly selective quinoline-based fluorescent chemosensors for quantitative analysis of Cu(II) ion in water and food. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 326:125128. [PMID: 39332179 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
While copper (Cu2+) is a vital cofactor in numerous enzymatic processes, its homeostasis is critical. Selective sensors for Cu2+ in food matrices are paramount for ensuring adherence to safety regulations and dietary interaction studies. In this work, novel derivatives of 8-aminoquinoline (L1-L4) with extended π-conjugation and various N-substituents were synthesized and evaluated as fluorescent sensors for Cu2+. The 2-pyridinecarbonyl-substituted derivative L3 exhibited sharp fluorescence quenching selectively in the presence of Cu2+. This compound presents high selectivity for Cu2+ even in the presence of other metal ions. The L3-based fluorescent sensor provides a Cu2+ detection limit of 77 nM, surpassing many existing sensors. The quantifications of Cu2+ in water, food supplements, and wines using this sensor have demonstrated good agreement with those obtained using the standard ICP technique. Notably, L3 also facilitates Cu2+ detection in microliter sample volumes at subnanomole levels using paper-based sensors, opening doors for portable and cost-effective on-site testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuttana Senpradit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok 10300 Thailand
| | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok 10300 Thailand
| | - Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok 10300 Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajasekar M, Narendran C, Mary J, Meenambigai S. Recent trends and future perspectives of photoresponsive-based mercury (II) sensors and their biomaterial applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35826. [PMID: 39220985 PMCID: PMC11364275 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of photoresponsive-based mercury (II) sensors have witnessed a surge in research focused on enhancing detection capabilities. Leveraging innovations in materials science, particularly with quantum dots, nanomaterials, and organic semiconductors, these sensors exhibit improved selectivity and sensitivity. Beyond traditional applications, such as environmental monitoring, the integration of photoresponsive principles with emerging technologies like the internet of things (IoT) and wearable promises real-time and remote mercury (II) ion detection. The on-going efforts also explore multifunctional sensors and miniaturization for on-site applications, addressing current challenges and paving the way for broader commercialization. This dynamic landscape underscores the potential for these sensors to play a crucial role in ensuring the effective monitoring and management of mercury (II) levels in diverse settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Rajasekar
- Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chiterasu Narendran
- Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jennita Mary
- Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Meenambigai
- Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dhanasekaran K, Tamizhselvi R, Mohandoss S, Beena M, Palaniappan A, Napoleon AA. A thiazole-based colorimetric and photoluminescent chemosensors for As 3+ ions detection: Density functional theory, test strips, real samples, and bioimaging applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 316:124325. [PMID: 38701574 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A Schiff-base Ethyl (E)-2-(3-((2-carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (TZTS) dual functional colorimetric and photoluminescent chemosensor which includes thiazole and thiosemicarbazide has been synthesized to detect arsenic (As3+) ions selectively in DMSO: H2O (7:3, v/v) solvent system. The molecular structure of the probe was characterized via FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR & HRMS analysis. Interestingly, the probe exhibits a remarkable and specific colorimetric and photoluminescence response to As3+ ions when exposed to various metal cations. The absorption spectral changes of TZTS were observed upon the addition of As3+ ions, with a naked eye detectable color change from colorless to yellow color. Additionally, the chemosensor (TZTS) exhibited a new absorption band at 412 nm and emission enhancements in photoluminescence at 528 nm after adding As3+ ions. The limit of detection (LOD) for As3+ ions was calculated to be 16.5 and 7.19 × 10-9 M by the UV-visible and photoluminescent titration methods, respectively. The underlying mechanism and experimental observations have been comprehensively elucidated through techniques such as Job's plot, Benesi-Hildebrand studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For practical application, the efficient determination of As3+ ions were accomplished using a spike and recovery approach applied to real water samples. In addition, the developed probe was successfully employed in test strip applications, allowing for the naked-eye detection of arsenic ions. Moreover, fluorescence imaging experiments of As3+ ions in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) demonstrated their practical applications in biological systems. Consequently, these findings highlight the significant potential of the TZTS sensor for detecting As3+ ions in environmental analysis systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumudhavalli Dhanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Tamizhselvi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Maya Beena
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Palaniappan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyakannu Arumugam Napoleon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie F, Yang H, Lu D, Wu X, Yan L. A Dicyanoisoflurone-based Near-infrared Fluorescence Probe for Highly Sensitive Detection of Hg 2. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1821-1828. [PMID: 37642777 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high toxicity, long durability, easy absorption by aquatic organisms, and significant bioaccumulation, Hg2+ has caused substantial environmental damage and posed serious threats to human health. Therefore, effective detection of Hg2+ is of utmost importance. In this study, a turn-on fluorescent probe based on dicyanoisoflurone was developed for the detection of Hg2+. The probe exhibited near-infrared fluorescence signal at 660 nm upon excitation by 440 nm UV light in a mixture of CH3CN and HEPES buffer (4:1, v/v, 10 mM, pH = 7.5), with selective binding to Hg2+ in a molar ratio of 1:1. This binding event was accompanied by a visible color change from light yellow to orange. By utilizing the enhanced fluorescence signal change, this probe enables highly sensitive analysis and detection of Hg2+ with excellent selectivity (association constant = 1.63 × 104 M- 1), large Stokes shift (220 nm), high sensitivity (detection limit as low as 5.6 nM), short reaction time (30 s), and a physiological pH range of 7.5-9.5. The probe was successfully employed for detecting of Hg2+ in real water and living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenlan Xie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Musikavanhu B, Pan T, Ma Q, Liang Y, Xue Z, Feng L, Zhao L. Dual detection of Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ by a coumarin-functionalized Schiff base in environmental and biosystems. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124101. [PMID: 38447440 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent chemosensors are often preferred for tracking toxic ions because of their non-destructive measurement and ease of use in environmental real samples and biosystems. Exploring high selectivity, great sensitivity, and biocompatible fluorophores with facile, accessible and dual-responsive features is currently highly demanding. A coumarin-based naphthol hydrazone Schiff base chemosensor, NaChro, is designed and synthesized in a two-step process to detect toxic metal ions with strong emission. Fluorescence spectra analysis demonstrates that the probe binds to Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions with a 1:1 and a 2:1 stoichiometry, respectively, with high sensitivity, short response time and minimal interference from other metal ions. The observed reversible turn-on reaction was attributed to the inhibition of C = N isomerization and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) processes once the ions were introduced. The practical applications of NaChro are successfully addressed in paper strips, various water samples, HeLa cells and Zebrafish, demonstrating that the probe can detect and track Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions in environmental samples and biosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongdi Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tewari S, Sahani S, Yaduvanshi N, Painuli R, Sankararamakrishnan N, Dwivedi J, Sharma S, Han SS. Green synthesized AgNPs as a probe for colorimetric detection of Hg (II) ions in aqueous medium and fluorescent imaging in liver cell lines and its antibacterial activity. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:78. [PMID: 38696067 PMCID: PMC11065856 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The present research aimed at green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) based colorimetric sensor using persimmon leaf extract (PLE) for selective detection of mercuric ion (Hg2+). Optimization of reaction conditions viz. pH, concentration of PLE, time was done and further AgNPs were characterized using UV, IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and TEM analysis. The developed AgNPs were evaluated for the selective colorimetric detection of Hg2+ in aqueous medium and fluorescence imaging of Hg2+ ions in liver cell lines. Later, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was performed against S. aureus and E. coli. The findings of the study revealed that PLE mediated AgNPs exhibited notable limit of detection up to 0.1 ppb, high efficiency, and stability. The antibacterial study indicated that developed AgNPs has impressive bacterial inhibiting properties against the tested bacterial strains. In conclusion, developed biogenic AgNPs has high selectivity and notable sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions and may be used as key tool water remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Tewari
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304 022, India
| | - Shalini Sahani
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Neetu Yaduvanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304 022, India
| | - Ritu Painuli
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Nalini Sankararamakrishnan
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304 022, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan T, Zhang C, Han Y, Chu R, Xi W, Chen X, Sun J, Huang H, Hu Y, Huang X. Fine-tuning bromide AIE probes for Hg 2+ detection in mitochondria with wash-free staining. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132999. [PMID: 37988945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Mercury ions (Hg2+) primarily target mitochondria in the cells. Therefore, the development of novel probes that specifically target mitochondria in the presence of Hg2+ is of immense importance. Most previously reported probes that utilize the softness of S, Te, O, and/or N atoms for Hg2+ binding often face problems such as fluorescence quenching and off-target signals. In this study, bromide-hydrocarbon pyridinium salts were designed to target the mitochondria and chelate Hg2+ via Hg-Br coordination bonds. As a prototype, four aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorogens, namely TPP-Br, TPP-Cl, R1, and R2, with a similar D-π-A structure but slight differences in their halogen substituents, were designed. Among them, only TPP-Br achieved the highly selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+ by triggering its AIE properties, resulting in remarkable emission enhancement (80-fold), colorimetry, and the Tyndall effect. TPP-Br exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity to Hg2+ with a detection limit of 0.35 μM, rapid response time (<10 s), and large Stokes shift of 185 nm. Their interaction modes were studied using a combination of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent lifetime decay, and theoretical calculations. TPP-Br exhibited a low emission background in cells, whereas in the presence of Hg2+, mitochondria were lit up with wash-free staining. This study provides a powerful tool for accurately diagnosing mercury poisoning-related diseases in mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Ying Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Ruijun Chu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Wenyu Xi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Xulang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Hong Huang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Xiaohuan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu S, Yang L, Zhao Y. Ethyl 3-aminobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate Derived Ratiometric Schiff Base Fluorescent Sensor for the Recognition of In 3+ and Pb 2. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03576-7. [PMID: 38206512 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
An ethyl 3-aminobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate derived ratiometric Schiff base fluorescent sensor R was devised and synthesized. R exhibited a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric response to In3+ in DMF/H2O tris buffer solution. R exhibited a colorimetric/fluorescent dual-channel response to In3+. More importantly, R can distinguish In3+ from Ga3+ and Al3+ in less than 5 min. R exhibited a good linear correlation with the concentration of In3+ in the 5-25 μM range and the limit of detection for In3+ was found to be 8.36 × 10-9 M. According to the job`s plot and MS spectra, R formed a complex with In3+ at 1:2 with a complexation constant of 8.24 × 109 M2. Based on Gaussian theory calculations, the response mechanism of R to In3+ can be explained by photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanisms. In addition, R can be used for the detection of indium in tap water with satisfactory recoveries. Meanwhile, R displayed a linear relationship to micromolar concentrations (0-50 μM) of Pb2+ and recognized Pb2+ in a ratiometric response with a detection limit of 8.3 × 10-9 M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liangru Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qu W, Zhang Y, Cao H, Jia L. A highly selective fluorescence turn-on sensor for Hg 2+ based on quinolimide in aqueous media and its applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123376. [PMID: 37708757 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel fluorescent sensor QPE based on quinolimide was developed, which displayed the highly selective response to Hg2+ through the turn-on signal in aqueous media. The corresponding recognition mechanism of QPE for Hg2+ was investigated by the titration experiments, Job's plots, HRMS, and DFT calculations analysis. QPE could detect Hg2+ in a broad pH range (pH = 4-9) with the LOD of 20 nM and the LOQ of 66 nM. Meanwhile, QPE-loaded test strips were demonstrated in the visual detection of Hg2+. Importantly, QPE exhibited the reliable capability to track Hg2+ in real water and soil samples and yeast cells, indicating that QPE could be used as a prospective tool for monitoring Hg2+ in wide fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Hongjie Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Lihua Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kar SR, Dash PP, Panda SN, Mohanty P, Mohanty D, Barick AK, Sahoo SK, Mohapatra P, Jali BR. A Formyl Chromone Based Schiff Base Derivative: An Efficient Colorimetric and Fluorescence Chemosensor for the Selective Detection of Hg 2+ Ions. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03500-z. [PMID: 38109029 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel chromone-based Schiff base L was designed and synthesized by condensing an equimolar amount of 3-formyl chromone and 2,4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine. Schiff base L was developed as a potent colorimetric and fluorescent molecular probe to recognize Hg2+ ions over other competitive metal ions. In the presence of Hg2+, Schiff base L displays a naked-eye detectable color change under day and UV365 nm light. Various UV-Vis and fluorescence studies of L were performed in the absence and presence of Hg2+ to determine the sensitivity and the sensing mechanism. With high selectivity and specificity, the detection limit and association constant of L for Hg2+ were estimated at 1.87 µM and 1.234 × 107 M-1, respectively. The developed sensor L was applied to real soil samples for the detection of Hg2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ranjan Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Pragyan Parimita Dash
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Sankalpa Narayan Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Patitapaban Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | | | - Aruna Kumar Barick
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Suban Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, India
| | - Priyaranjan Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
| | - Bigyan Ranjan Jali
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hamukoshi S, Mama N, Schoeman S, Uahengo V. A facile synthesis of a novel 4-hydroxyl-3-azo coumarin based colorimetric probes for detecting Hg 2+ and a fluorescence turn-off response of 3CBD to Fe 3+ in aqueous environment. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31541-31553. [PMID: 37908657 PMCID: PMC10614206 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two azo dyes, (E)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (3CBD) and (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(quinolin-2-yldiazenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (3CQD), were designed and synthesized using facile methods. The structures were validated through FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The photophysical property analyses were further studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometers. Consequently, the absorption and emission spectra of 3CBD confirmed its selectivity of Hg2+ and turn-off response to Fe3+. On the other hand, the absorption spectra analysis of 3CQD demonstrated selectivity in the presence of Hg2+. The colorimetric investigations demonstrated a significant visual response specifically for Hg2+, enabling real-time analysis in the corresponding solutions. The presence of other coexisting metal ions does not interfere with the detection of the target metal ion. The fluorescence studies of the two probes revealed that 3CBD was highly fluorescent, which was significantly quenched by Fe3+, upon excitation at 340 nm. Utilizing Job plot analyses, it was determined that the complexes 3CBD-Hg2+ and 3CQD-Hg2+ exhibit a binding stoichiometry of 1 : 1. The association constants for these complexes were measured to be 7.48 × 105 and 9.12 × 105 M-1, respectively, indicating a strong association between both probes and their respective metal ions. Both chemosensors exhibited comparable limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.03 μM and 0.10 μM, respectively. Reversible studies confirmed that only chemosensor 3CQD could serve as a secondary sensor for EDTA. The theoretical studies calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) program at B3LYP/6-31G** (Spartan '10 package) level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Hamukoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Neliswa Mama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Stiaan Schoeman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Veikko Uahengo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Musikavanhu B, Liang Y, Xue Z, Feng L, Zhao L. Strategies for Improving Selectivity and Sensitivity of Schiff Base Fluorescent Chemosensors for Toxic and Heavy Metals. Molecules 2023; 28:6960. [PMID: 37836803 PMCID: PMC10574220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic cations, including heavy metals, pose significant environmental and health risks, necessitating the development of reliable detection methods. This review investigates the techniques and approaches used to strengthen the sensitivity and selectivity of Schiff base fluorescent chemosensors designed specifically to detect toxic and heavy metal cations. The paper explores a range of strategies, including functional group variations, structural modifications, and the integration of nanomaterials or auxiliary receptors, to amplify the efficiency of these chemosensors. By improving selectivity towards targeted cations and achieving heightened sensitivity and detection limits, consequently, these strategies contribute to the advancement of accurate and efficient detection methods while increasing the range of end-use applications. The findings discussed in this review offer valuable insights into the potential of leveraging Schiff base fluorescent chemosensors for the accurate and reliable detection and monitoring of heavy metal cations in various fields, including environmental monitoring, biomedical research, and industrial safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (B.M.); (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yongdi Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (B.M.); (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (B.M.); (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (B.M.); (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He L, Li Q, Zhang Y, Huang K, Du B, Liang L. A naphthalimide functionalized fluoran with AIE effect for ratiometric sensing Hg 2+ and cell imaging application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122672. [PMID: 37003146 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The pollution caused by mercury ions (Hg2+) poses a potential threat to public health. Therefore, monitoring Hg2+ concentration in the environment is necessary and significant. In this work, a naphthalimide functionalized fluoran dye NAF has been prepared, which shows a new red-shift in emission at 550 nm with the maximum intensity in a mixture of water-CH3CN (v/v = 7/3) due to aggregating induced emission (AIE) effect. Meanwhile, NAF can be employed as a Hg2+ ions sensor, which displays a selective and sensitive response to Hg2+ ions by the reduced fluorescence of naphthalimide fluorophore and increased fluorescence of fluoran group, respectively, showing ratiometric fluorescence signal changes with more than 65-fold emission intensity ratio increase and naked eyes visible color change. In addition, the response time is fast (within 1 min) and the sensing can be conducted in a wide pH range (4.0-9.0). Moreover, the detection limit has been evaluated to be 5.5 nM. The sensing mechanism may be attributed to the formation of a π-extended conjugated system due to the Hg2+ ions-induced conversion of spironolactone to the ring-opened form, partially accompanied by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. Significantly, NAF exhibits suitable cytotoxicity to living HeLa cells, which allows it to be utilized for ratiometric imaging of Hg2+ ions assisted by confocal fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Science Park, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Science Park, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Science Park, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Science Park, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Bingxin Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Science Park, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Lijuan Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai 201108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar A. Recent Development in Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Hg 2+ Ions. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-44. [PMID: 37517076 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2238066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mercury, a highly toxic heavy metal, poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating the development of effective and responsive techniques for its detection. Organic chromophores, particularly small molecules, have emerged as promising materials for sensing Hg2+ ions due to their high selectivity, sensitivity, and ease of synthesis. In this review article, we provide a systematic overview of recent advancements in the field of fluorescent chemosensors for Hg2+ ions detection, including rhodamine derivatives, Schiff bases, coumarin derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, BODIPY, BOPHY, naphthalimide, pyrene, dicyanoisophorone, bromophenol, benzothiazole flavonol, carbonitrile, pyrazole, quinoline, resorufin, hemicyanine, monothiosquaraine, cyanine, pyrimidine, peptide, and quantum/carbon dots probes. We discuss their detection capabilities, sensing mechanisms, limits of detection, as well as the strategies and approaches employed in their design. By focusing on recent studies conducted between 2022 and 2023, this review article offers valuable insights into the performance and advancements in the field of fluorescent chemosensors for Hg2+ ions detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, D.B.S. (PG) College Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li H, Li J, Pan Z, Zheng T, Song Y, Zhang J, Xiao Z. Highly selective and sensitive detection of Hg 2+ by a novel fluorescent probe with dual recognition sites. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122379. [PMID: 36682255 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel thionocarbonate-coumarin-thiourea triad-based probe with dual recognition sites for sensing mercury (Hg2+) ion was developed. The synthesized probe possessed both fluorogenic ("off-on") and chromogenic (from colorless to blackish brown) sensing performance towards Hg2+ ions. The fluorescence intensity was increased by 70 fold after the addition of Hg2+. As expected, the probe exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+ compared to other common competitive metal ions. The fluorescence intensity of the probe improved linearly with the increase of the concentration of Hg2+ (0-40 μM). Also, the minimum limit of detection (LOD) of the synthesized probe was 0.12 μM. Considering the importance of test feasibility in the harsh environment, the developed probe was applicable for detecting Hg2+ ions over a broad working pH range of 3-11. It is reliable and qualifies for the quantitative determination of Hg2+ concentrations in actual water samples. Finally, the probe achieved the bioimaging performance of Hg2+ in living cells and plants with good biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Jiayin Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Zhixiu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
| | - Yanxi Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Zhongwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Musikavanhu B, Zhu D, Tang M, Xue Z, Wang S, Zhao L. A naphthol hydrazone Schiff base bearing benzothiadiazole unit for fluorescent detection of Fe 3+ in PC3 cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122242. [PMID: 36542920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Naphthol hydrazone derivatives are recognized as efficient chelating agents for both qualitative and quantitative detection of metal ions. Here we design a naphthol hydrazine-based chemosensor with covalently linking a strong electron-withdrawing benzothiadiazole group to modulate the molecular electronic structure, nominated as NtHzBtd. The fluorescent probe performs excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ with 1:1 binding stoichiometry, while exhibiting a quick response at 55 s with a relatively low limit of detection of 0.036 µM. A series of spectroscopic measurements in tandem with theoretical calculations suggest that the probe undergoes both intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and chelation enhanced quenching (CHEQ) processes. Successful color rendering of paper strips and bioimaging in PC3 cells demonstrate the promising applicability of NtHzBtd for portable Fe3+ detection in real samples and biosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mengran Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhong K, Tang L. An “AIE + ESIPT” mechanism-based benzothiazole-derived fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg 2+ and its applications. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3nj00899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple “AIE + ESIPT” mechanism-based fluorescent probe for Hg2+ detection has been developed. The probe is applicable to detect Hg2+ in living cells, natural water, and seafood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China
| | - Keli Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A dual-functional chemosensor based on acylhydrazone derivative for rapid detection of Zn(II) and Mg(II): spectral properties, recognition mechanism and application studies. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
19
|
Selective chromogenic and fluorogenic signalling of Hg2+ ions using a benzothiazole-quinolinyl acrylate conjugate and its applications in the environmental water samples and living cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
20
|
Musikavanhu B, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Xue Z, Yuan R, Wang S, Zhao L. Turn-off detection of Cr(III) with chelation enhanced fluorescence quenching effect by a naphthyl hydrazone Shiff base chemosensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121599. [PMID: 35816866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A thiophene substituted naphthyl hydrazone derivative NHT was synthesized using a one-step route for the detection of trivalent chromium (Cr3+). UV-visible absorption and emission spectra, density functional theory calculations as well as 1H NMR titration confirmed that the probe underwent a turn-off response via the chelation enhanced fluorescence quenching effect upon exposure to Cr3+ and the NHT-Cr3+ complex was formed at a 1:1 binding stoichiometry. NHT exhibited a fast response rate of 2.3 min in buffer solution and a relatively low limit of detection of 41 nM. In addition, the Schiff base chemosensor exhibited excellent selectivity with high affinity towards Cr3+ in the presence of other competing cations. Bioimaging of the probe in PC3 cells further demonstrated the potential real life application of the probe in detecting Cr3+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Rui Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Purushothaman P, Karpagam S. Thiophene-Appended Benzothiazole Compounds for Ratiometric Detection of Copper and Cadmium Ions with Comparative Density Functional Theory Studies and Their Application in Real-Time Samples. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41361-41369. [PMID: 36406525 PMCID: PMC9670728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A thirst for the development of a simple fluorescence probe for enhanced sensing application has been achieved by synthesizing a stupendous thiophene-appended benzothiazole-conjugated compound L2. The synthesized compound L2 was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Furthermore, a photophysical property of L1 and L2 reveals the enhanced emission spectrum of L2 because of a restricted spin-orbital coupling as a result of increased conjugation compared to the ligand L1. Therefore, comparative studies were undertaken for L1 and L2. Henceforth, L2 was deployed for the ratiometric detection of Cd2+ ions in THF:water and L1 for the detection of Cu2+ ions in THF medium. The chemosensor L2 shows an outstanding water tolerance up to 60% and is stable between pH 2 and 7. This level of water tolerance and stability make L2 a suitable probe for analyzing real-time and biological samples. While the cadmium ion was added to L2, there was a significant red shift in emission from 496 to 549 nm, which indicates the controlled ICT due to complex formation. The metal-ligand complexation was also confirmed by noticing a decreased band gap of metal complex compared to the ligand as calculated using Tauc's plot with solid-phase UV data. The stoichiometric ratio was obtained by Job's plot that exhibited a 1:1 ratio of L2 and Cd2+ ions, and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 2.25 nM by the photoluminescence spectroscopic technique. The fluorescence lifetime of both L2 and L2-Cd2+ was found to be 58.3 ps and 0.147 ns, respectively. Alongside, the colorimetric-assisted ratiometric detection of Cu2+ by L1 with 1:2 stoichiometric ratio having an LOD of 1.06 × 10-7 M was also performed. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the probe L2 in sensing cadmium was tested in sewage water and vegetable extract; the recovery was approximately 98 and 99%, respectively. The experimental data were supported by theoretical investigation of structures of L1, L2, L1-Cu2+ , and L2-Cd2+ , complex formation, charge transfer mechanism, and band gap measurements done by quantum chemical density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gašparová M, Kabaňová N, Tokár K, Végh D, Tokárová Z. Novel type of azomethine with combined effects of thiophene cores and vicinal cyano groups. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Jeyanthi D, Joel C, Bennie RB, Livingston DJ, Balakrishnan C. Crystal structure and chemosensing property of benzimidazole-based probe towards detection of multiple analytes – A combined experimental and DFT approach. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|