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Zhang D, Wang Y, Meng X, Ni H, Wang Y, Liu D, Wang G, Chen Y. One- and Two-Photon Photophysical Properties, Ultrafast Dynamics, and DFT Study of Three Modified Zinc Phthalocyanines. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39069663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As two-photon absorption (TPA) materials, phthalocyanine molecules have promising application prospects due to their large TPA absorption cross-section, high third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, and ultrafast response characteristics. In this work, optical properties and the ultrafast response of three modified zinc phthalocyanine molecules (P-HPcZn, Pc-P-Pc, and (DR1)4PcZn) were analyzed. No obvious side-shoulder absorption peaks in the Q-band can be observed from the steady-state absorption spectra of the three molecules, confirming the lack of aggregation products in the solutions of our measurement. Open-aperture Z-scan results show relatively large TPA cross-section values of 136.4 and 55.3 GM for Pc-P-Pc and (DR1)4PcZn, respectively. The nonlinear optical results show that the absorption process observed under the excitation of femtosecond pulses is a reverse saturable absorption (RSA) mechanism. Up-conversion fluorescence spectra of (DR1)4PcZn in THF solution indicate that the fluorescence emission mechanism is TPA. In the study of ultrafast dynamics, the transient absorption spectra were investigated and the decay lifetime of the dynamic traces corresponding to some representative probe wavelengths was obtained through data fitting with a multi-exponential function. Finally, the charge transfer and excited state properties of the modified zinc phthalocyanine molecules were discussed in depth by the DFT method. The energy gaps of P-HPcZn, Pc-P-Pc, and (DR1)4PcZn are 2.16, 1.39, and 2.13 eV, respectively. The results indicate that the Pc-P-Pc of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure has the smallest energy gap as well as the best charge transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhang
- College of Science, Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 110626, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaochuan Wang
- College of Science, Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 110626, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxu Meng
- College of Science, Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 110626, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Ni
- College of Science, Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 110626, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- College of Science, Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 110626, People's Republic of China
| | - Dajun Liu
- College of Science, Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 110626, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqiu Wang
- College of Science, Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 110626, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Lab for Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Zheng W, Wang Y, Chen F, Bai B, Wang H, Li M. Solvatochromic and Proton-Responsive characteristics of Bi-1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives with symmetric dimethylamino substitution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123800. [PMID: 38145583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
D-A molecules find extensive use in intelligent stimulus-response systems due to their exceptional attributes, including high sensitivity, rapid response, wide compatibility, and structural adaptability. The strength of Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of these devices. To enhance the ICT strength and explore new applications for D-A molecules, we meticulously designed a pair of symmetric dimethylamino-substituted bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN). These symmetric D-A-A-D molecules, with strong electron donor terminals, displayed a modest redshift of less than 25 nm in the UV-vis absorption spectra. However, there was a significant redshift in the emission spectra (140 nm for DMAOXD and 170 nm for DMAOXDBEN) when transitioning from cyclohexane to dimethyl sulfoxide, indicating a pronounced ICT characteristic. Theoretical calculations support the idea that the dimethylaminophenyl unit serves as an electron donor in both DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN, while the 1,3,4-oxadiazole and central benzene ring act as acceptors. The pronounced ICT characteristic observed in DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN can be attributed to long-distance electron transfer. Additionally, it's noteworthy that the emission of DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN solution samples can be quenched by adding trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and restored by the addition of triethylamine (TEA). Inspired by this, a pattern created with ink samples containing DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN can be concealed through fumigation with TFA and subsequently revealed by treating them with TEA, suggesting their potential use in data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, No.76 University Town East Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Binglian Bai
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Clark JA, Kusy D, Vakuliuk O, Krzeszewski M, Kochanowski KJ, Koszarna B, O'Mari O, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. The magic of biaryl linkers: the electronic coupling through them defines the propensity for excited-state symmetry breaking in quadrupolar acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorophores. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13537-13550. [PMID: 38033901 PMCID: PMC10685337 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) is key for molecular photonics, governing the optical properties of chromophores comprising electron-rich and electron-deficient components. In photoexcited dyes with an acceptor-donor-acceptor or donor-acceptor-donor architecture, CT breaks their quadrupolar symmetry and yields dipolar structures manifesting pronounced solvatochromism. Herein, we explore the effects of electronic coupling through biaryl linkers on the excited-state symmetry breaking of such hybrid dyes composed of an electron-rich core, i.e., 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP), and pyrene substituents that can act as electron acceptors. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that strengthening the donor-acceptor electronic coupling decreases the CT rates and the propensity for symmetry breaking. We ascribe this unexpected result to effects of electronic coupling on the CT thermodynamics, which in its turn affects the CT kinetics. In cases of intermediate electronic coupling, the pyrene-DHPP conjugates produce fluorescence spectra, spreading over the whole visible range, that in addition to the broad CT emission, show bands from the radiative deactivation of the locally excited states of the donor and the acceptors. Because the radiative deactivation of the low-lying CT states is distinctly slow, fluorescence from upper locally excited states emerge leading to the observed anti-Kasha behaviour. As a result, these dyes exhibit white fluorescence. In addition to demonstrating the multifaceted nature of the effects of electronic coupling on CT dynamics, these chromophores can act as broad-band light sources with practical importance for imaging and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Kochanowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-75005 Paris France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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