Apocynin reduces cytotoxic effects of monosodium glutamate in the brain: A spectroscopic, oxidative load, and machine learning study

Experimental evidence of the neurotoxic effect of monosodium glutamate in adult female Sprague Dawley rats: The potential protective role of Zingiber officinale Rosc. rhizomes

Strategies to prevent the health abnormalities associated with the extensive use of MSG (monosodium glutamate) as a flavoring booster are badly needed. The current study was conducted to investigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal lipid profile as the main risk factors of neurotoxicity in MSG-exposed female albino rats. Besides, the effect of concurrent consumption of Zingiber officinale rhizomes powder was studied at low doses. Twenty rats (total) were split into 4 separate groups. The 1st group was a negative control group (without any treatment), while the others received 6 mg MSG/kg. The 2nd group was left untreated, whereas the 3rd and 4th groups were given a regular laboratory diet that included ginger rhizome powder supplements (GRP, 0.5 & 1%, respectively) for six weeks. In brain tissue homogenates, exposure to MSG caused a significant depletion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and total protein levels, while triglycerides and cholesterol contents were significantly elevated. Moreover, a noteworthy upsurge in oxidative load and inflammation markers was also noticed associated with a marked reduction of antioxidant levels, which histopathological staining verified further. The rat diet formulated with GRP, with a dose-dependent effect, resulted in increased GABA and total protein contents and attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormal lipid profile, and marked histological changes in cerebral cortical neurons of MSG-administered animals. Therefore, this study reveals that GRP shields rats against the neurotoxicity that MSG causes. The anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant, and lipid-normalizing properties of rhizomes of ginger may be accountable for their observed neuroprotective action.

Increased levels of nerve growth factor accompany oxidative load in recurrent pregnancy loss. Machine learning applied to FT-Raman spectra study

The presented article is focused on developing and validating an efficient, credible, minimally invasive technique based on spectral signatures of blood serum samples in patients with diagnosed recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) versus healthy individuals who were followed at the Gynecology department. A total of 120 participants, RPL disease (n = 60) and healthy individuals (n = 60), participated in the study. First, we investigated the effect of circulating nerve growth factor (NGF) in RPL and healthy groups. To show NGF's effect, we measured the level of oxidative loads such as Total Antioxidant Level (TAS), Total Oxidant Level (TOS), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) with Beckman Coulter AU system and biochemical assays. We find a correlation between oxidative load and NGF level. Oxidative load mainly causes structural changes in the blood. Therefore, we obtained Raman measurements of the participant's serum. Then we selected two Raman regions, 800 and 1800 cm^-1, and between 2700 cm^-1 and 3000 cm^-1, to see chemical changes. We noted that Raman spectra obtained for RPL and healthy women differed. The findings confirm that the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants has important implications for the pathogenesis of RPL and that NGF levels accompany the level of oxidative load in the RPL state. Biomolecular structure and composition were determined using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning methods, and the correlation of these parameters was studied alongside machine learning technologies to advance toward clinical translation. Here we determined and validated the development of instrumentation for the Analysis of RPL patients' serum that can differentiate from control individuals with an accuracy of 100% using the Raman region corresponding to structural changes. Furthermore, this study found a correlation between traditional biochemical parameters and Raman data. This suggests that Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive tool for detecting biochemical changes in serum caused by RPL or other diseases.