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Nehra N, Kaushik R. ESIPT-based probes for cations, anions and neutral species: recent progress, multidisciplinary applications and future perspectives. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5268-5285. [PMID: 37800698 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01249b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent and colourimetric probes for small analytes (cations, anions and neutral molecules) have drawn significant attention in recent years. These probes interact with analytes and induce spectral change due to the variations in the photo-physical properties of the fluorophore/chromophore used. Among several photo-physical mechanisms, ESIPT (excited state intramolecular proton transfer) based probes are more advantageous due to their photo-physical properties viz. solvent polarity effect, large spectral shift with multi-channel fluorescence, high quantum yield etc. In recent years, ESIPT-based probes have shown several promising applications, especially monitoring small analytes in biological samples, smartphone app-assisted heavy metal detection in environmental samples, inkless writing, anti-counterfeiting applications etc. Therefore, this review is dedicated to recently reported ESIPT-based probes for small analytes. We have highlighted the organic units responsible for the ESIPT mechanism, their photo-physical parameters, selectivity and sensitivity properties and recent advances in their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nehra
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Gao J, Zhang Y, Mu H, Yang M, Guan X, Jin G, Li H. Paying Comprehensive Attention to the Temperature-Dependent Dual-Channel Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Mechanism of Fluorescence Ratio Probe BZ-DAM. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13899. [PMID: 37762210 PMCID: PMC10530469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of fluorescence detection of diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) based on 2-substituted benzothiazole (BZ-DAM) was studied by a theoretical calculation method. It should not be ignored that both the BZ-DAM and the detection product BZ-CHO have two excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) channels. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) theory were used to study the photophysical mechanism of two compounds in two channels in (acetonitrile) ACN solvent, and the temperature dependence of the two channels was given. Channel 1 is more likely to exist at low temperatures and channel 2 is more likely to exist at high temperatures. By theoretical analysis of the constructed potential energy curve, the hydrogen bond energy and electron-hole analysis, we confirmed that both molecules undergo ESIPT and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes in channel 1 and ESIPT and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) coupling processes in channel 2. The formation of product BZ-CHO molecules led to a significant fluorescence blue-shift phenomenon and inhibited the ICT process, which confirmed that BZ-DAM could be used as a fluorescence probe for fluorescence detection. We sincerely hope that this work will not only help to clarify the excited-state dynamics behavior of the BZ-DAM probe but also provide a new idea for designing and optimizing a new chemical dosimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guangyong Jin
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (J.G.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (X.G.)
| | - Hui Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (J.G.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (X.G.)
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Yang B, Tian R, Guo T, Qu W, Lu J, Li Y, Wu Z, Yan S, Geng Z, Wang Z. Mitochondrial-Targeted AIE-Active Fluorescent Probe Based on Tetraphenylethylene Fluorophore with Dual Positive Charge Recognition Sites for Monitoring ATP in Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5034-5044. [PMID: 36898151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as an important intracellular energy currency produced in mitochondria, is closely related to various diseases in living organisms. Currently, the biological application of AIE fluorophore as a fluorescent probe for ATP detection in mitochondria is rarely reported. Herein, D-π-A and D-A structure-based tetraphenylethylene (TPE) fluorophores were employed to synthesize six different ATP probes (P1-P6), and the phenylboronic acid groups and dual positive charge sites of probes could interact with the vicinal diol of ribose and negatively charged triphosphate structure of ATP, respectively. However, P1 and P4 with a boronic acid group and a positive charge site had poor selectivity for ATP detection. In contrast, P2, P3, P5, and P6 with dual positive charge sites exhibited better selectivity than P1 and P4. In particular, P2 had more advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, and good time stability for ATP detection than P3, P5, and P6, which was ascribed to its D-π-A structure, linker 1 (1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene), and dual positive charge recognition sites. Then, P2 was employed to detect ATP, and it exhibited a low detection limit of 3.62 μM. Moreover, P2 showed utility in the monitoring of mitochondrial ATP level fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruowei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Taiyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shihai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Geng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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