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Yan S, Cheng G, Yang Z, Guo Y, Chen L, Fu Y, Qiu F, Wilksch JJ, Wang T, Sun Y, Fan J, Wei X, Han J, Sun F, Xu S, Wang H. Terahertz scanning near-field optical microscopy for biomedical detection: Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2025; 79:108507. [PMID: 39708988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation is widely recognized as a non-destructive, label-free, and highly- sensitive tool for biomedical detections. Nevertheless, its application in precision biomedical fields faces challenges due to poor spatial resolution caused by intrinsically long wavelength characteristics. THz scanning near-field optical microscopy (THz-SNOM), which surpasses the Rayleigh criterion, offers micrometer and nanometer-scale spatial resolution, making it possible to perform precise bioinspection with THz imaging. THz-SNOM is attracting considerable attention for its potential in advanced biomedical research and diagnosis. Currently, its family typically includes four members based on distinct principles, which are suitable for different biological applications. This review provides an overview of the principles of these THz-SNOM modalities, outlines their various applications, identifies the obstacles hindering their performance, and envisions their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Yan
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Guanyin Cheng
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yuansen Guo
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Fucheng Qiu
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jonathan J Wilksch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tianwu Wang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yiwen Sun
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junchao Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Center for Biological Imaging, Core Facilities for Protein Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shixiang Xu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
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