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Loryuenyong V, Rohing S, Singhanam P, Kamkang H, Buasri A. Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology for Predicting and Maximizing Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil with KI/CaO/Al 2O 3 Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor. Chempluschem 2024:e202400117. [PMID: 38771717 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Biodiesel from waste oil is produced using heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification in a fixed bed reactor (FBR). Potassium iodide/calcium oxide/alumina (KI/CaO/Al2O3) catalyst was prepared through the processes of calcination and impregnation. The novel catalyst was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The design of experiment (DoE) method resulted in a total of 20 experimental runs. The significance of 3 reaction parameters, namely catalyst bed height, methanol to waste oil molar ratio, and residence time, and their combined impact on biodiesel yield is investigated. Both the artificial neural network (ANN) based on artificial intelligence (AI) and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized in order to optimize the process conditions and maximize the biodiesel production. A quadratic regression model was developed to predict biodiesel yield, with a correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.9994 for ANN model and a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9986 for BBD model. The maximum amount of biodiesel that can be produced is 98.88 % when catalyst bed height is 7.87 cm, molar ratio of methanol to waste oil is 17.47 : 1, and residence time is 3.12 h. The results of this study indicate that ANN and BBD models can effectively be used to optimize and synthesize the highest %yield of biodiesel in a FBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vorrada Loryuenyong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silpakorn University, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, 73000, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sitifatimah Rohing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silpakorn University, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, 73000, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Papatsara Singhanam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silpakorn University, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, 73000, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Hatsatorn Kamkang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silpakorn University, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, 73000, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Achanai Buasri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silpakorn University, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, 73000, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Faiz I, Ahmad M, Ramadan MF, Zia U, Rozina, Bokhari A, Asif S, Pieroni A, Zahmatkesh S, Ni BJ. Hazardous waste management (Buxus papillosa) investment for the prosperity of environment and circular economy: Response surface methodology-based simulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119567. [PMID: 38007927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Dealing with the current defaults of environmental toxicity, heating, waste management, and economic crises, exploration of novel non-edible, toxic, and waste feedstock for renewable biodiesel synthesis is the need of the hour. The present study is concerned with Buxus papillosa with seeds oil concentration (45% w/w), a promising biodiesel feedstock encountering environmental defaults and waste management; in addition, this research performed simulation based-response surface methodology (RSM) for Buxus papillosa bio-diesel. Synthesis and application of novel Phyto-nanocatalyst bimetallic oxide with Buxus papillosa fruit capsule aqueous extract was advantageous during transesterification. Characterization of sodium/potassium oxide Phyto-nanocatalyst confirmed 23.5 nm nano-size and enhanced catalytic activity. Other characterizing tools are FTIR, DRS, XRD, Zeta potential, SEM, and EDX. Methyl ester formation was authenticated by FTIR, GC-MS, and NMR. A maximum 97% yield was obtained at optimized conditions i.e., methanol ratio to oil (8:1), catalyst amount (0.37 wt%), reaction duration (180 min), and temperature of 80 °C. The reusability of novel sodium/potassium oxide was checked for six reactions. Buxus papillosa fuel properties were within the international restrictions of fuel. The sulphur content of 0.00090% signified the environmental remedial nature of Buxus papillosa methyl esters and it is a highly recommendable species for biodiesel production at large scale due to a t huge number of seeds production and vast distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Faiz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat Zia
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rozina
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, 54000, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centra, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, Brno, 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Saira Asif
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042, Pollenzo, Italy; Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Sasan Zahmatkesh
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieríay Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Yusuff AS, Ishola NB, Gbadamosi AO. Artificial Intelligence Techniques and Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Methyl Ester Sulfonate Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil by Sulfonation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19287-19301. [PMID: 37305254 PMCID: PMC10249033 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the impacts of sulfonation temperature (100-120 °C), sulfonation time (3-5 h), and NaHSO3/methyl ester (ME) molar ratio (1:1-1.5:1 mol/mol) on methyl ester sulfonate (MES) yield were studied. For the first time, MES synthesis via the sulfonation process was modeled using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN), and response surface methodology (RSM). Moreover, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and RSM methods were used to improve the independent process variables that affect the sulfonation process. The RSM model (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.9695, mean square error (MSE) = 2.7094, and average absolute deviation (AAD) = 2.9508%) was the least efficient in accurately predicting MES yield, whereas the ANFIS model (R2 = 0.9886, MSE = 1.0138, and AAD = 0.9058%) was superior to the ANN model (R2 = 0.9750, MSE = 2.6282, and AAD = 1.7184%). The results of process optimization using the developed models revealed that PSO outperformed RSM. The ANFIS model coupled with PSO (ANFIS-PSO) achieved the best combination of sulfonation process factors (96.84 °C temperature, 2.68 h time, and 0.92:1 mol/mol NaHSO3/ME molar ratio) that resulted in the maximum MES yield of 74.82%. Analysis of MES synthesized under optimum conditions using FTIR, 1H NMR, and surface tension determination showed that MES could be prepared from used cooking oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 23438, Nigeria
| | - Niyi Babatunde Ishola
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 23438, Nigeria
| | - Afeez Olayinka Gbadamosi
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Olagunju OA, Musonge P, Kiambi SL. Production and Optimization of Biodiesel in a Membrane Reactor, Using a Solid Base Catalyst. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070674. [PMID: 35877877 PMCID: PMC9323212 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The commercial Calcium oxide was successfully embedded on activated carbon surfaces to increase the reactive surface area of a composite catalyst material CaO/AC. The composite catalyst material was also successfully packed in the tubular titanium dioxide/Aluminum dioxide ceramic membrane reactor used to separate the biodiesel produced. Virgin soybean oil was used as precursor feedstock for the reaction. Using a central composite approach, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to obtain the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel from soybean oil. A total of four process factors were examined (24 experimental designs). 30 experiments were derived and run to investigate the effects of temperature, reaction time, methanol to oil molar ratio, and catalyst concentration (calcium oxide attached on activated carbon). 96.9 percent of soybean oil methyl ester (SOME/biodiesel) was produced at 65 °C temperature, 90 min of reaction time, 4.2:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, and 3.0 wt.% catalyst concentration. The measured yield and expected biodiesel production values were correlated in a linear sequence. The fuel qualities of SOME/biodiesel were tested, including kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, copper corrosion, calorific value, cloud point, pour point, ash content, and carbon residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun Ayodeji Olagunju
- Chemical Engineering Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-743-529-785
| | - Paul Musonge
- Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Faculty of Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sammy Lewis Kiambi
- Chemical and Metallurgical Department, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa;
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Numerical modeling of wastewater treatment using HOLLOW fiber membrane contactors based on the stiff spring method. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Genç N, Durna E, Kacıra E. The preference of the most appropriate radical-based regeneration process for spent activated carbon by the PROMETHEE approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5240-5255. [PMID: 34417697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, regeneration of spent granular activated carbon (GAC) with reactive dye by hydroxyl and sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (microwave (MW) +persulfate (PS)), (Fe(II)+ PS), and (O3 + H2O2) were evaluated. The adsorption of the dye to the GAC surface was characterized by chemisorption and Langmuir isotherm. Regeneration processes have been optimized by the response surface methodology to determine the operating conditions that will provide the highest adsorptive capacity. The optimum conditions of (MW + PS), (Fe (II) + PS), and (O3 + H2O2) processes were process PS anion of 45.52 g/L, pH of 11.4, MW power of 126 W, and duration of 14.56 min; Fe (II) of 3.58 g/L, PS anion of 73.5 g/L, duration of 59.8 min, and pH of 10.9; and H2O2 of 2.8 mole/L, flow rate of 8.14 mg ozone/L, duration of 32.8 min, and pH of 5.3, respectively. For (MW + PS), (Fe (II) + PS), and (O3 + H2O2) processes, the adsorptive capacity under optimum conditions was found as 4.36, 8.89, and 8.12 mg dye/g GAC, respectively. For (Fe (II) + PS) and (O3 + H2O2) processes, these values are approximately equal to the adsorptive capacity of raw GAC (8.01 mg dye/g GAC). The predicted values of the adsorption capacities by the obtained models were in good agreement with the actual experimental results. Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation approach was used in the preference of the appropriate regeneration process. The adsorptive capacity of regenerated GAC, operating cost of the regeneration process, change in the adsorptive capacity during the regeneration cycle, and carbon mass loss criteria were taken into account. The order of preference of regeneration processes was determined as (Fe (II) + PS)> (MW + PS)> (O3 + H2O2) considering all criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevim Genç
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Elif Durna
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Esin Kacıra
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Evaluation of a New Cerium Oxide-Bismuth Oxide-Based Nanobiocomposite as a Biocatalyst for Biodiesel Production. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source that can be used together with other biofuels to help meet the growing energy needs of the rapidly increasing global population in an environmentally friendly way. In search for new and more efficient biodiesel production methods, this work reports on the synthesis and use of a novel biocatalyst that can function in a broader range of pH and temperature conditions, while producing high biodiesel yields from vegetable oils. Biodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of non-edible Eruca sativa oil using a lipase from Aspergillus niger that was immobilized on cerium oxide bismuth oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were first grafted with polydopamine which facilitated the subsequent anchoring of the enzyme on the nanoparticle support. The enzyme activity, pH and temperature stability, and reusability of the immobilized lipase were superior to those of the free enzyme. Following response surface methodology optimization, the highest biodiesel yield of 90.6% was attained using 5 wt% biocatalyst, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 40 °C, pH of 7, and reaction time of 60 h. The produced biodiesel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and its fatty acid methyl ester composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Erucic acid methyl ester was identified as the major component in biodiesel, with 47.7 wt% of the total fatty acid methyl esters content. The novel nanobiocatalyst (Bi2O3·CeO2@PDA@A.niger.Lipase) has the potential to produce high biodiesel yields from a variety of vegetable oils.
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