Treatment of arsenic sludge generated from groundwater treatment plant: A review towards a sustainable solution

Reutilization of ferro-arsenic waste sludge for the development of concrete blocks through solidification: conservation of natural aggregates with policy suggestion

 In the present study, arsenic sludge and iron sludge extracted from a laboratory scale water treatment plant were aimed to reutilize for the development of concrete blocks. Three different grades (M15, M20 and M25) of concrete blocks were made by blending of arsenic sludge and improved iron sludge (50% sand and 40% iron sludge) in the range of density of 425 to 535 kg/m3 at an optimum ratio of 10:90 (arsenic: iron sludge) followed by mixing of designed quantity cement, coarse aggregates, water and additives. Concrete blocks developed based on this such combination exhibited 26 MPa, 32 MPa and 41 MPa compressive strengths, and 4.68 MPa, 5.92 MPa and 7.78 MPa tensile strengths for M15, M20 and M25, respectively. In comparison with the developed concrete blocks and the blocks made with 10% arsenic sludge and 90% fresh sand, the developed ones (employing 50% sand, 40% iron sludge and 10% arsenic sludge) showed more than 200% higher strength perseverance on average. Successful Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and compressive strength of the sludge-fixed concrete cubes classified it as a non-hazardous and completely safe to use value-added material. This process involves stabilization of arsenic-rich sludge generated from high-volume long-run laboratory-based arsenic-iron abatement set-up from contaminated water with successful fixation in solid matrix of concrete through complete substitution of natural fine aggregates (river sand) in cement mixture. Techno-economic assessment reveals such concrete block preparation at $0.09 each which is lesser than 1/2 of the present market price of same quality concrete block in India.