Waste biomass derived chitosan-natural clay based bionanocomposites fabrication and their potential application on wastewater purification by continuous adsorption: A critical review

Fabrication of chitosan coated bentonite clay multifunctional nanosorbents from waste biomass for the effective elimination of hazardous pollutants from waterbodies: A fixed bed biosorption, mechanism, and mathematical model study

The anthropogenic activity and hasty fluctuating technologies have been responsible for the generation of massive effluent which is so hazardous due to the loading of several toxicants. While most industries usually discharge it directly into the environment resulting in harsh damage to the ecology/public security. Therefore, it is critical to treat with a sustainable/cost-effective technique. Here, a new route of fabrication of chitosan-coated activated natural bentonite clay (CCANBC) bionanocomposites/bionanosorbents from waste biomass has been developed. Their potential application for the simultaneous removal of Ni2+ and Eosin Y from wastewater were investigated. The effective parameters like concentration (10-30 ppm), flow rate (2-4 mL/min), and bed height (0.5-1.5 cm) were inspected. The bionanosorbents were characterized by FTIR-ATR, XRD, FESEM, TGA, and BET analysis. Additionally, the effluents were explored by AAS and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. According to the findings it has been stated that the CCANBC bionanosorbents possessed significant dynamic edges, greater crystallinity (94.27 %), and higher thermal stability. They have exhibited a remarkable 2D honeycomb-like mesoporous microstructure with substantial specific surface area (19.29 m2/g). These outstanding features could be responsible for the dramatic adsorption enactment around 186.42 and 238.37 mg/g for Ni2+ and Eosin Y. The obtained data were evaluated by several mathematical models for better understanding the experimental BTC curve, reaction mechanism, and adsorption isotherm.