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Abualhasan M, Tahan S, Nassar R, Damere M, Salameh H, Zyoud H. Pharmacists' knowledge of drug food administration and their appropriate patient counseling a cross-sectional study from Palestine. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:99. [PMID: 37710335 PMCID: PMC10500721 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacists have a responsibility in the treatment of patients. Interactions between food and drugs may lead to a loss of therapeutic effectiveness or drug toxicity. Our study's objectives were to assess pharmacists' knowledge of patient counseling with regard to informing the patient about taking the drug in relation to food, as well as community pharmacists' knowledge of any pharmaceutical instructions that must be given to patients when delivering the drug. The pharmacists were assessed using an interview questionnaire. The results showed a variation in the pharmacist's knowledge about the administration of the drug with food. The chief pharmacists had better knowledge of the proper food administration counseling than that of assistant pharmacists; the percentage of those who did not give the proper food counseling was 24 vs. 58%, respectively (P < 0.05). Only (21%) of pharmacists with more work experience provided proper counseling, while only 18.2 and 18.7% of pharmacists with moderate and low work experience provided proper counseling, respectively. The study showed the pharmacists' limited knowledge of drug administration with food and outdated counseling information. It is highly recommended that a continuous education system be encouraged and enforced by the ministry of health to update pharmacist's knowledge of dispensed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, State of Palestine, Palestine.
| | - Shahd Tahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, State of Palestine, Palestine
| | - Roa'a Nassar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, State of Palestine, Palestine
| | - Maysoon Damere
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, State of Palestine, Palestine
| | - Hadeel Salameh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, State of Palestine, Palestine
| | - Hiba Zyoud
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, State of Palestine, Palestine
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Gutiérrez-Abejón E, Criado-Espegel P, Pedrosa-Naudín MA, Fernández-Lázaro D, Herrera-Gómez F, Álvarez FJ. Trends in the Use of Driving-Impairing Medicines According to the DRUID Category: A Population-Based Registry Study with Reference to Driving in a Region of Spain between 2015 and 2019. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040508. [PMID: 37111265 PMCID: PMC10145018 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The European DRUID (Drive Under the Influence of drugs, alcohol, and medicines) program classifies medications into three categories according to their effect on one’s fitness to drive. The trend in the use of driving-impairing medicines (DIMs) in a region of Spain between 2015 and 2019 was analyzed through a population-based registry study. Pharmacy dispensing records for DIMs are provided. The use of DIMs on drivers was weighted according to the national driver’s license census. The analysis was performed considering the population distribution by age and sex, treatment length, and the three DRUID categories. DIMs were used by 36.46% of the population and 27.91% of drivers, mainly chronically, with considerable daily use (8.04% and 5.34%, respectively). Use was more common in females than in males (42.28% vs. 30.44%) and increased with age. Among drivers, consumption decreases after 60 years of age for females and after 75 years of age for males. There was a 34% increase in the use of DIMs between 2015 and 2019, with a focus on daily use (>60%). The general population took 2.27 ± 1.76 DIMs, fundamentally category II (moderate influence on fitness to drive) (20.3%) and category III (severe influence on fitness to drive) (19.08%). The use of DIMs by the general population and drivers is significant and has increased in recent years. The integration of the DRUID classification into electronic prescription tools would assist physicians and pharmacists in providing adequate information to the patient about the effects of prescribed medications on their fitness to drive.
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Risøy AJ, Skeide Kjome RL, Svensberg K, Råheim M, Sølvik UØ. Pharmacists' experience of a diabetes risk-assessment service and analytical quality control in community pharmacies - A focus-group study. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 17:1259-1266. [PMID: 34155978 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare services such as diabetes risk-assessment are increasingly common in community pharmacies. Knowledge of community pharmacists' experiences of such services could ease the implementation of a larger-scale service. OBJECTIVES To explore Norwegian pharmacists' experience of a diabetes risk-assessment service, including analytical quality control, in a community-pharmacy setting. METHODS Three focus-group interviews were conducted in Norway between August and September 2017. Systematic text condensation was used, an analytic approach well suited for thematic content analysis across interview data. Fourteen pharmacists took part, recruited from a project offering a diabetes risk-assessment service, including measurements of Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), in Norwegian community pharmacies. RESULTS The pharmacists emphasized the importance of using their knowledge and skills to promote good health. They considered offering this service as being compatible with their role as pharmacists. As communication is an essential part of their work, the pharmacists evaluated their communication skills as being good. Nevertheless, how to communicate the offering of this service was seen as a challenge, for instance recruiting participants and communicating in an understandable and professional way. Inclusion of the whole pharmacy staff as a team was experienced as an important success factor for implementation of a risk-assessment service. Analytical quality control was perceived as being a natural part of their job and a manageable task. CONCLUSIONS Offering a diabetes risk-assessment service is in line with the way a selected group of Norwegian community pharmacists perceived their professional role. However, they were uncomfortable recruiting participants, and expressed the wish for more support from the pharmacy chain. Our results add performance of analytical quality control as part of the ongoing development involving expansion of pharmacists' professional role. Future implementation studies may also benefit from giving both the pharmacy staff and customers sufficient time to familiarize themselves with the new service before measuring effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslaug Johanne Risøy
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, PO Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, PO Box 780, N-5007, Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, PO Box 6165, N-5892, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Reidun Lisbet Skeide Kjome
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, PO Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, PO Box 780, N-5007, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Karin Svensberg
- Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, PharmaSafe Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, PO Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, NO-0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Målfrid Råheim
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, PO Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, PO Box 2110, NO-6402, Molde, Norway.
| | - Una Ørvim Sølvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, PO Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
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Fosgerau CF, Kaae S. Furthering patient-centered counseling: Exploring new aspects around pharmacists' experiences in pharmacy encounters through video-stimulated recall interviewing. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 17:723-732. [PMID: 32788084 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on pharmacy communication have illustrated problems with patient-centeredness. Exploring pharmacists' experiences of pharmacy counseling in depth is essential to understand what hinders patient-centeredness. Existing studies, based primarily on surveys and qualitative interviews, tap into perceptions of pharmacy counseling that are informed by general conceptualizations rather than what participants actually experience during the encounters. Thus, important aspects of the dynamics of pharmacy encounters might be missed. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential of the method video-stimulated recall interview (VSRI)( Wolters et al., 2017) 1 in a pharmacy setting to gain new insights into pharmacists' experiences of patient encounters. This includes: 1) to investigate the potential of VSRI to reveal accurate and immediate perceptions of pharmacy encounters, and 2) to identify specific perceptions that pharmacists report in VSRIs. METHODS Seven VSRIs conducted in 2 different community pharmacies in Denmark were analyzed. Videos of at-the-counter meetings were recorded (interaction1), and then selected for replay in a VSRI between a researcher and the pharmacist featured in the video (interaction2). Descriptive categories that characterized pharmacists' experiences with the encounter were inferred from interview statements. RESULTS New barriers to patient-centeredness were identified: pharmacists' experiences revealed that they were affected by patients' moods and that they found it inappropriate when patients disclosed personal perspectives. Also, pharmacists seemed to disregard that active listening requires responsiveness and should be seen as a process that pharmacists co-construct together with the patient. CONCLUSION The method of VSRI proved useful in revealing new dynamics of pharmacy interaction and pinpointing shortcomings in how pharmacists communicate with patients. Based on the findings, suggestions for how to establish better patient-centered communication are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fogtmann Fosgerau
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, Psychology of Language, Njalsgade 120, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Kaae
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sake FTN, Wong K, Bartlett DJ, Saini B. Benzodiazepine use risk: Understanding patient specific risk perceptions and medication beliefs. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018; 15:1317-1325. [PMID: 30639048 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed psychotropic medications. These medications have the potential to cause alertness impairing effects and their prolonged use is associated with serious adverse effects. Despite the listed adverse health outcomes and provision of warnings, many benzodiazepine users tend to ignore the safety information and use them inappropriately. OBJECTIVE To elicit the risk perceptions of benzodiazepine users and explore the association of risk perceptions with their socio-demographic factors or medication use profiles (e.g. past withdrawal attempt, length of use and future willingness to try behavioural alternatives). METHODS Point of purchase surveys were conducted with patients who were supplied benzodiazepines from selected pharmacies across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Survey items included questions about patient's demographic characteristics, their past attempt for withdrawing benzodiazepines and their future intention to consider alternative behavioural therapies. The validated Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire (BMQ-specific) and a customised scale assessing risk perception were included in the survey. Data obtained from the surveys were entered into the IBM SPSS package (Version 22.0) and subjected to descriptive, correlational and regression analyses. RESULTS Seventy-five patients (67% female, a mean age of 54.3) obtaining benzodiazepines from 12 pharmacies were recruited for the survey. Participant's beliefs regarding potential side effects of benzodiazepines and their level of education were significantly associated with their risk perception scores. While the overall risk perception scores did not influence patient's previous attempts to withdraw benzodiazepines, the risk perception score about immediate effects of benzodiazepines (within 3-4 h of consumption) was a predictor of preference for behavioural therapies. Eighty-three percent (n = 62) of the participants believed that pharmacists can play a key role in improving risk perceptions of consumers around benzodiazepine use. CONCLUSIONS Individual patient characteristics and their beliefs about medications significantly influence their perception of risk about benzodiazepine use. The findings of this study suggest that pharmacist support can be utilized in effective risk communication, promoting the safe use of benzodiazepines and in facilitating the uptake of relevant behavioural interventions as alternatives to benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Wong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Delwyn J Bartlett
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bandana Saini
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Gutierrez-Abejón E, Herrera-Gómez F, Criado-Espegel P, Alvarez FJ. Use of driving-impairing medicines by a Spanish population: a population-based registry study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017618. [PMID: 29170289 PMCID: PMC5719315 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the use of driving-impairing medicines (DIM) in the general population with special reference to length of use and concomitant use. DESIGN Population-based registry study. SETTING The year 2015 granted medicines consumption data recorded in the Castile and León (Spain) medicine dispensation registry was consulted. PARTICIPANTS Medicines and DIM consumers from a Spanish population (Castile and León: 2.4 million inhabitants). EXPOSURE Medicines and DIM consumption. Patterns of use by age and gender based on the length of use (acute: 1-7 days, subacute: 8-29 days and chronic use: ≥30 days) were of interest. Estimations regarding the distribution of licensed drivers by age and gender were employed to determine the patterns of use of DIM. RESULTS DIM were consumed by 34.4% (95% CI 34.3% to 34.5%) of the general population in 2015, more commonly with regularity (chronic use: 22.5% vs acute use: 5.3%) and more frequently by the elderly. On average, 2.3 DIM per person were dispensed, particularly to chronic users (2.8 DIM per person). Age and gender distribution differences were observed between the Castile and León medicine dispensation registry data and the drivers' license census data. Of all DIM dispensed, 83.8% were in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code group nervous system medicines (N), which were prescribed to 29.2% of the population. CONCLUSIONS The use of DIM was frequent in the general population. Chronic use was common, but acute and subacute use should also be considered. This finding highlights the need to make patients, health professionals, health providers, medicine regulatory agencies and policy-makers at large aware of the role DIM play in traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gutierrez-Abejón
- Technical Direction of Pharmaceutical Assistance, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Herrera-Gómez
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - Paloma Criado-Espegel
- Technical Direction of Pharmaceutical Assistance, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Spain
| | - F Javier Alvarez
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
- CEIC/CEIm Área de Salud Valladolid Este, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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